The common green frog (''Hylarana erythraea'') is a frog species of in the true frog family Ranidae; some sources still use the old name ''Rana erythraea''. It lives in Southeast Asia and is also known as green paddy frog, red-eared frog or leaf frog. The last name, however, commonly refers to the

Neotropic The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In bioge ...

al tree frogs which make up the

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoologi ...

Phyllomedusinae. These are not closely related to ''H. erythraea'', belonging to family Hylidae instead.

Taxonomy and systematics

Long placed in ''

Rana Rana may refer to: Astronomy * Rana (crater), a crater on Mars * Delta Eridani or Rana, a star People, groups and titles * Rana (name), a given name and surname (including a list of people and characters with the name) * Rana (title), a histori ...

'', it is only as closely related to this genus as is e.g. ''

Amolops ''Amolops'' (commonly known as cascade frogs or sucker frogs) is a genus of true frogs (family Ranidae) native mainly to eastern and south-eastern Asia. These frogs are closely related to such genera as ''Huia'', ''Meristogenys'', ''Odorrana'' ...

''. Consequently, the genus '' Hylarana'', of which the common green frog is the type species, warrants re-establishment. ''Hylarana'' seems to form a

clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...

together with the similarly revalidated genera ''

Pulchrana ''Pulchrana'' is a genus of ranid frogs found in south-eastern Asia, Indonesia and the Philippines. Species The following species are recognised in the genus ''Pulchrana'': * '' Pulchrana banjarana'' (Leong and Lim, 2003) * '' Pulchrana barami ...

'' and ''

Sylvirana ''Sylvirana'' is a genus of true frogs, family Ranidae, found in South and East Asia, from northeastern India in west to China in the north, Taiwan in the east, and Thailand in the south. Originally proposed as a subgenus of ''Rana'' in 1992, it ...

'', and presumably also ''

Hydrophylax ''Hydrophylax'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It was described by Carl Linnaeus the Younger in 1782. The genus contains only one species, ''Hydrophylax maritima'', which is found in India, Sri Lanka and Tha ...

'' as well as some species presently placed in ''

Pelophylax ''Pelophylax'' is a genus of true frogs widespread in Eurasia, with a few species ranging into northern Africa. This genus was erected by Leopold Fitzinger in 1843 to accommodate the green frogs of the Old World, which he considered distinct fro ...

'' (e.g. Kokarit Frog, ''"P." lateralis'').Stuart (2008), van Dijk ''et al.'' (2011) This frog has confused researchers for a long time, as it resembles tree frogs in habitus. It was initially placed in the tree frog genus ''

Hyla ''Hyla'' is a genus of frogs in the tree frog family Hylidae. As traditionally defined, it was a wastebasket genus with more than 300 species found in Europe, Asia, Africa, and across the Americas. After a major revision of the family most of th ...

''. The

junior synonym The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. * In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linna ...

s of the common green frog are: * ''Hyla erythraea'' Schlegel, 1837 * ''Hylorana erythraea'' ('' lapsus'') * ''Limnodytes erythraeus'' (Schlegel, 1837) * ''Polypedates erythraea'' (Schlegel, 1837) * ''Rana erythraea'' (Schlegel, 1837)

Description

Male ''Hylarana erythraea'' grow to a snout–vent length of and females to . Tadpoles are up to in length. They have smooth skin that is bright green above and on sides. Tympanum is distinct.

Distribution and ecology

''H. erythraea'' occurs in Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia,

Laos Laos (, ''Lāo'' )), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic ( Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ, French: République démocratique populaire lao), is a socialist ...

, Malaysia,

Myanmar Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John C. Wells, Joh ...

, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Introduced populations are found on

Sulawesi Sulawesi (), also known as Celebes (), is an island in Indonesia. One of the four Greater Sunda Islands, and the world's eleventh-largest island, it is situated east of Borneo, west of the Maluku Islands, and south of Mindanao and the Sulu Ar ...

and the Philippines. The similar frogs from northeastern India and adjacent regions, formerly included here, are now separated as ''

Hylarana tytleri ''Hylarana tytleri'' is a frog species in the family Ranidae. It is found in eastern and northeastern India, Bangladesh, and southern Nepal, and possibly at lower elevations in Bhutan. It was formerly placed in ''Rana'', and included in t ...

''. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, freshwater lakes, intermittent freshwater lakes, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, rural gardens, heavily degraded former forest, irrigated land, seasonally flooded agricultural land, and introduced vegetation.

Footnotes

References

* * (2008): The phylogenetic problem of ''Huia'' (Amphibia: Ranidae). '' Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.'' 46(1): 49-60. PDF fulltext

External links

Amphibian and Reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia - ''Hylarana erythraea''
{{Taxonbar, from=Q2706068 Hylarana Fauna of Brunei Amphibians of Cambodia Amphibians of Indonesia Amphibians of Laos Amphibians of Malaysia Amphibians of Singapore Amphibians of Thailand Amphibians of Vietnam Amphibians described in 1837 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Amphibians of Borneo