Hydroxycinnamic acids (hydroxycinnamates) are a class of
aromatic acids or
phenylpropanoids having a C
6–C
3 skeleton. These compounds are hydroxy derivatives of
cinnamic acid
Cinnamic acid is an organic compound with the formula C6H5-CH=CH- COOH. It is a white crystalline compound that is slightly soluble in water, and freely soluble in many organic solvents. Classified as an unsaturated carboxylic acid, it occurs na ...
.
In the category of
phytochemicals that can be found in food, there are :
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α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid
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Caffeic acid
Caffeic acid is an organic compound that is classified as a hydroxycinnamic acid. This yellow solid consists of both phenolic and acrylic functional groups. It is found in all plants because it is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of lignin, one ...
– burdock, hawthorn, artichoke, pear, basil, thyme, oregano, apple
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Cichoric acid
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Cinnamic acid
Cinnamic acid is an organic compound with the formula C6H5-CH=CH- COOH. It is a white crystalline compound that is slightly soluble in water, and freely soluble in many organic solvents. Classified as an unsaturated carboxylic acid, it occurs na ...
– aloe
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Chlorogenic acid
Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is the ester of caffeic acid and (−)-quinic acid, functioning as an intermediate in lignin biosynthesis. The term "chlorogenic acids" refers to a related polyphenol family of esters, including hydroxycinnamic acids ( caf ...
– echinacea, strawberries, pineapple, coffee, sunflower, blueberries
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Diferulic acids
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Coumaric acid Coumaric acid is a phenolic derivative of cinnamic acid
Cinnamic acid is an organic compound with the formula C6H5-CH=CH- COOH. It is a white crystalline compound that is slightly soluble in water, and freely soluble in many organic solvents. Cl ...
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Ferulic acid
Ferulic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid, an organic compound with the formula (CH3O)HOC6H3CH=CHCO2H. The name is derived from the genus ''Ferula'', referring to the giant fennel ('' Ferula communis''). Classified as a phenolic phytochemical, ferul ...
(3-methoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid) – oats, rice, artichoke, orange, pineapple, apple, peanut
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Sinapinic acid
Sinapinic acid, or sinapic acid (Sinapine - Origin: L. Sinapi, sinapis, mustard, Gr., cf. F. Sinapine.), is a small naturally occurring hydroxycinnamic acid. It is a member of the phenylpropanoid family. It is a commonly used matrix in MALDI mass ...
(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid or sinapic acid)
Hydroxycinnamoyltartaric acids
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Caftaric acid
Caftaric acid is a non-flavonoid phenolic compound.
It is found in the juice of grapes (''Vitis vinifera'') and impacts the color of white wine.
It is an esterified phenolic acid, composed of caffeic acid, a hydroxycinnamate produced by plants ...
– grapes and wine,
mainly the
''trans'' isomer
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Coutaric acid
Coutaric acid is a hydroxycinnamoyltartaric acid found in wine, pomace and grape. It is an ester formed from coumaric acid and tartaric acid
Tartaric acid is a white, crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many fruits, most notably ...
– grapes and wine, both ''trans'' and ''cis'' isomers
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Fertaric acid – grapes and wine, mainly the ''trans'' isomer
References
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