Hydromyini
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Hydromyini is a very large, diverse
tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English language, English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in p ...
of
muroid The Muroidea are a large superfamily of rodents, including mice, rats, voles, hamsters, lemmings, gerbils, and many other relatives. Although the Muroidea originated in Eurasia, they occupy a vast variety of habitats on every continent except A ...
rodent Rodents (from Latin , 'to gnaw') are mammals of the order Rodentia (), which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws. About 40% of all mammal species are rodents. They are na ...
s in the subfamily
Murinae The Old World rats and mice, part of the subfamily Murinae in the family Muridae, comprise at least 519 species. Members of this subfamily are called murines. In terms of species richness, this subfamily is larger than all mammal families excep ...
. They are the dominant native rodents in
Australasia Australasia is a region that comprises Australia, New Zealand and some neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean. The term is used in a number of different contexts, including geopolitically, physiogeographically, philologically, and ecologica ...
and one of only two native rodent groups there, the other being the ''R. fuscipes'' group of the genus ''
Rattus ''Rattus'' is a genus of muroid rodents, all typically called rats. However, the term rat can also be applied to rodent species outside of this genus. Species and description The best-known ''Rattus'' species are the black rat (''R. rattus'') ...
'' in the tribe
Rattini Rattini is a very large, diverse tribe of muroid rodents in the subfamily Murinae. They are found throughout Asia and Australasia, with a few species ranging into Europe and northern Africa. The most well-known members of this group are the true r ...
. They are also found in parts of
Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical United Nations geoscheme for Asia#South-eastern Asia, south-eastern region of Asia, consistin ...
.


Taxonomy

They are thought to be relatively early offshoots from the Murinae, with only
Rattini Rattini is a very large, diverse tribe of muroid rodents in the subfamily Murinae. They are found throughout Asia and Australasia, with a few species ranging into Europe and northern Africa. The most well-known members of this group are the true r ...
and Phloeomyini being more basal than them. They likely colonized
New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu Hiri Motu, also known as Police Motu, Pidgin Motu, or just Hiri, is a language of Papua New Guinea, which is spoken in surrounding areas of Port Moresby (Capital of Papua New Guinea). It is a simplified version of ...
(then a part of
Sahul __NOTOC__ Sahul (), also called Sahul-land, Meganesia, Papualand and Greater Australia, was a paleocontinent that encompassed the modern-day landmasses of mainland Australia, Tasmania, New Guinea, and the Aru Islands. Sahul was in the south- ...
) from either the
Sunda Shelf Geologically, the Sunda Shelf is a south-eastern extension of the continental shelf of Mainland Southeast Asia. Major landmasses on the shelf include the Bali, Borneo, Java, Madura, and Sumatra, as well as their surrounding smaller islands. ...
or the
Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...
during the late
Miocene The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recen ...
or early
Pliocene The Pliocene ( ; also Pleiocene) is the epoch in the geologic time scale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58adaptive radiation In evolutionary biology, adaptive radiation is a process in which organisms diversify rapidly from an ancestral species into a multitude of new forms, particularly when a change in the environment makes new resources available, alters biotic int ...
. Earlier taxonomists formerly split this group into three subfamilies (Hydromyinae, Pseudomyinae, and an unnamed "Old Papuan group"). Although all were later merged into the
Murinae The Old World rats and mice, part of the subfamily Murinae in the family Muridae, comprise at least 519 species. Members of this subfamily are called murines. In terms of species richness, this subfamily is larger than all mammal families excep ...
, they were still retained as multiple tribes (Anisomyini, Hydromyini, Uromyini, and Conilurini), with other taxonomists splitting them even further. However, a 2008 study found them to comprise a single group that had undergone a rapid diversification after colonizing Sahul, and thus placed them all into a single tribe, Hydromyini. The genus ''
Chiropodomys ''Chiropodomys'' (or pencil-tailed tree mice) is a genus of Old World rats and mice native to Southeast Asia and northeast India. They are tree-dwelling, very small mice, mostly found in tropical rainforest. In total six extant species have been ...
'' (formerly placed in a
polyphyletic A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of converg ...
division containing ''
Micromys ''Micromys'' is a genus of small rodents in the subfamily Murinae. The genus contains two living species: the widespread Eurasian harvest mouse (''Micromys minutus'') of much of Europe and Asia; and the more restricted Indochinese harvest mouse ...
'', ''
Hapalomys ''Hapalomys'' is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae endemic to Southeast Asia. It is the only member of the tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldw ...
'', and ''
Vandeleuria ''Vandeleuria'' is a small genus of rodent from Asia with only three species. It is the only member of the tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide us ...
'') has been found to be the
sister group In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and t ...
to this tribe, but it has been debated over whether it belongs in its own tribe (Chiropodomyini) or is a basal member of the Hydromyini. The
American Society of Mammalogists The American Society of Mammalogists (ASM) was founded in 1919. Its primary purpose is to encourage the study of mammals, and professions studying them. There are over 4,500 members of this society, and they are primarily professional scientists ...
presently classifies it in Hydromyini. Although the name "Hydromyini" derives from the
semiaquatic In biology, semiaquatic can refer to various types of animals that spend part of their time in water, or plants that naturally grow partially submerged in water. Examples are given below. Semiaquatic animals Semiaquatic animals include: * Verte ...
type genus In biological taxonomy, the type genus is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name. Zoological nomenclature According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearing type of a nominal f ...
''
Hydromys ''Hydromys'' is a genus (biology), genus of semiaquatic rodents in the subfamily Murinae. Three species are endemism, endemic to New Guinea and nearby islands. The fourth species, the rakali, is also found on Australia. The most recently discover ...
'', which translates directly to "water mouse", only a few members of the tribe such as ''Hydromys'' and ''
Xeromys ''Xeromys myoides'', also known as the water mouse, marine mouse, mangrove mouse, false water rat, manngay and yirrkoo, is a species of rodent native to waterways of Australia and Papua New Guinea. Taxonomy A description of the species was pu ...
'' are semiaquatic; the majority are terrestrial, and some such as ''
Notomys A hopping mouse is any of about ten different Australian native mice in the genus ''Notomys''. They are rodents, not marsupials, and their ancestors are thought to have arrived from Asia about 5 million years ago. All are brown or fawn, fading ...
'' are even specifically adapted to arid environments.


Distribution

Their center of diversity is in
New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu Hiri Motu, also known as Police Motu, Pidgin Motu, or just Hiri, is a language of Papua New Guinea, which is spoken in surrounding areas of Port Moresby (Capital of Papua New Guinea). It is a simplified version of ...
, with a secondary one in
Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...
, but they also range east to the
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands is an island country consisting of six major islands and over 900 smaller islands in Oceania, to the east of Papua New Guinea and north-west of Vanuatu. It has a land area of , and a population of approx. 700,000. Its capita ...
and west to
Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, in relation to major Indonesian islands, it is located north of Java, west of Sulawesi, and eas ...
and the
Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...
, and, if the genus ''
Chiropodomys ''Chiropodomys'' (or pencil-tailed tree mice) is a genus of Old World rats and mice native to Southeast Asia and northeast India. They are tree-dwelling, very small mice, mostly found in tropical rainforest. In total six extant species have been ...
'' is included, as far west as
northeast India , native_name_lang = mni , settlement_type = , image_skyline = , image_alt = , image_caption = , motto = , image_map = Northeast india.png , ...
. Members of this tribe in New Guinea and Australia are referred to as the "Old Endemic rodents", to differentiate them from the native ''
Rattus ''Rattus'' is a genus of muroid rodents, all typically called rats. However, the term rat can also be applied to rodent species outside of this genus. Species and description The best-known ''Rattus'' species are the black rat (''R. rattus'') ...
'' species from the tribe
Rattini Rattini is a very large, diverse tribe of muroid rodents in the subfamily Murinae. They are found throughout Asia and Australasia, with a few species ranging into Europe and northern Africa. The most well-known members of this group are the true r ...
, which colonized the regions much more recently.


Species

Species in the tribe include: * ''
Chiropodomys ''Chiropodomys'' (or pencil-tailed tree mice) is a genus of Old World rats and mice native to Southeast Asia and northeast India. They are tree-dwelling, very small mice, mostly found in tropical rainforest. In total six extant species have been ...
'' division (sometimes placed in a distinct tribe, Chiropodomyini) ** Genus ''
Chiropodomys ''Chiropodomys'' (or pencil-tailed tree mice) is a genus of Old World rats and mice native to Southeast Asia and northeast India. They are tree-dwelling, very small mice, mostly found in tropical rainforest. In total six extant species have been ...
'' - pencil-tailed tree mice ***
Palawan pencil-tailed tree mouse The Palawan pencil-tailed tree mouse (''Chiropodomys calamianensis'') is a species of arboreal rodent in the family Muridae. It is known from lowland forest near sea level, coconut groves, and bamboo thickets. It is endemic to the Palawan Fauna ...
, ''Chiropodomys calamianensis'' ***
Indomalayan pencil-tailed tree mouse The Indomalayan pencil-tailed tree mouse or simply pencil-tailed tree mouse (''Chiropodomys gliroides'') is a species of arboreal rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in northeastern India, southern China (including Hainan), Myanmar, Thailan ...
, ''Chiropodomys gliroides'' ***
Koopman's pencil-tailed tree mouse Koopman's pencil-tailed tree mouse (''Chiropodomys karlkoopmani'') is a species of arboreal rodent in the family Muridae. It is endemic to Pagai and Siberut islands in the Mentawai Islands, off the western coast of Sumatra in Indonesia. Its natur ...
, ''Chiropodomys karlkoopmani'' *** Large pencil-tailed tree mouse, ''Chiropodomys major'' ***
Gray-bellied pencil-tailed tree mouse The gray-bellied pencil-tailed tree mouse (''Chiropodomys muroides'') is a species of arboreal rodent in the family Muridae. It is endemic to Borneo where it is known from Gunung Kinabalu (Sabah, Malaysia) and from Long Petak in northern Kaliman ...
, ''Chiropodomys muroides'' ***
Small pencil-tailed tree mouse The small pencil-tailed tree mouse or lesser pencil-tailed tree mouse (''Chiropodomys pusillus'') is a species of arboreal rodent in the family Muridae. It is endemic to Borneo where it is only known from Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia) and from sou ...
, ''Chiropodomys pusillus'' * ''
Chrotomys The genus ''Chrotomys'' contain a unique group of rodents found only in the Philippines, specifically the islands of Luzon, Mindoro, and Sibuyan. Instead of being predominantly herbivorous or omnivorous like other murines, these rats feed predo ...
'' division ** Genus ''
Apomys ''Apomys'', commonly known as earthworm mice, is a genus of rodent endemic to the Philippines. Mice belonging to this genus are generally called Philippine forest mice and can be found on most islands of the Philippines except in Palawan, the Su ...
'' *** Subgenus ''Apomys'' ****
Camiguin forest mouse The Camiguin forest mouse (''Apomys camiguinensis'') is a forest mouse endemic to the island of Camiguin in the southern Philippines. It has large ears and eyes, a long tail and rusty-brown fur, and it feeds mostly on insects and seeds. This des ...
, ''Apomys camiguinensis'' **** Mount Apo forest mouse, ''Apomys hylocoetes'' **** Mindanao montane forest mouse, ''Apomys insignis'' **** Mindanao lowland forest mouse, ''Apomys littoralis'' **** Small Luzon forest mouse, ''Apomys microdon'' **** Least forest mouse, ''Apomys musculus'' *** Subgenus ''Megapomys'' **** Luzon Cordillera forest mouse, ''Apomys abrae'' ****
Luzon Aurora forest mouse The Luzon Aurora forest mouse (''Apomys aurorae'') is a forest mouse endemic to Aurora in Luzon, Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=n ...
, ''Apomys aurorae'' **** Mount Banahaw forest mouse, ''Apomys banahao'' **** Mount Tapulao forest mouse, ''Apomys brownorum'' ****
Luzon montane forest mouse The Luzon montane forest mouse (''Apomys datae'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae, from the genus ''Apomys''. It occurs only in the Philippines, where it has been found on the large northern island Luzon (in the Cordillera Central ...
, ''Apomys datae'' ****
Large Mindoro forest mouse The large Mindoro forest mouse (''Apomys gracilirostris'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae, from the genus ''Apomys''. It is found only in the Philippines. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is ...
, ''Apomys gracilirostris'' **** '' Apomys iridensis'' **** Mindanao lowland forest mouse, ''Apomys littoralis'' **** '' Apomys lubangensis'' **** Luzon giant forest mouse, ''Apomys magnus'' **** Mount Mingan forest mouse, ''Apomys minganensis'' ****
Long-nosed Luzon forest mouse The long-nosed Luzon forest mouse (''Apomys sacobianus''), also known as the Pinatubo volcano mouse is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in the Philippines. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It ...
, ''Apomys sacobianus'' **** Sierra Madre forest mouse, ''Apomys sierrae'' **** Luzon Zambales forest mouse, ''Apomys zambalensis'' ** Genus ''
Archboldomys ''Archboldomys'', the shrew-mice, are a genus of rodents in the family Muridae. They are carnivores that feed on invertebrates much like shrews do. An apparently smaller relatives of the true shrew-rats ''Chrotomys'' and '' Rhynchomys'', ''Archbo ...
'' (Mount Isarog shrew rats) *** Mount Isarog shrew-mouse, ''Archboldomys luzonensis'' *** Large cordillera shrew-mouse, ''Archboldomys maximus'' ** Genus ''
Soricomys ''Soricomys'', the shrew-mice, are a genus of rodents in the family (biology), family Muridae. They are carnivores that feed on invertebrates much like shrews do. An apparently smaller relatives of the true shrew-rats ''Chrotomys'' and ''Rhynchom ...
'' *** Sierra Madre shrew mouse, ''Soricomys musseri'' *** Kalinga shrew mouse'', Soricomys kalinga'' *** Leonardo shrew mouse, ''Soricomys leonardocoi'' *** Southern Cordillera shrew-mouse, ''Soricomys montanus'' ** Genus ''
Chrotomys The genus ''Chrotomys'' contain a unique group of rodents found only in the Philippines, specifically the islands of Luzon, Mindoro, and Sibuyan. Instead of being predominantly herbivorous or omnivorous like other murines, these rats feed predo ...
'' - Luzon striped rats ***
Luzon striped rat The Luzon striped rat (''Chrotomys whiteheadi'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in the Philippines. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forest The tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forest is ...
, ''Chrotomys whiteheadi'' ***
Mindoro striped rat The Mindoro striped rat (''Chrotomys mindorensis'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in the Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republi ...
, ''Chrotomys mindorensis'' ***
Isarog striped shrew-rat The Isarog striped shrew-rat or Mount Isarog striped rat (''Chrotomys gonzalesi'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae found only in the Philippines. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forest A forest is an area ...
, ''Chrotomys gonzalesi'' ***
Blazed Luzon shrew-rat The blazed Luzon shrew rat (''Chrotomys silaceus'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae, endemic to the Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pil ...
, ''Chrotomys silaceus'' ***
Sibuyan striped shrew-rat Sibuyan striped shrew rat (''Chrotomys sibuyanensis'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. The holotype A holotype is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism, known to have been used when the species (or lower-ra ...
, ''Chrotomys sibuyanensis'' ** Genus '' Rhynchomys'' - shrew-like rats *** Banahao shrew-rat, ''Rhynchomys banahao'' *** Isarog shrew-rat, ''Rhynchomys isarogensis'' *** Labo shrew-rat, ''Rhynchomys labo'' *** Mingan shrew-rat, ''Rhynchomys mingan'' *** Mount Data shrew-rat, ''Rhynchomys soricoides'' *** Tapulao shrew-rat, ''Rhynchomys tapulao'' * ''
Conilurus The rabbit rats, genus ''Conilurus'' represent an unusual genus of Old World rats from Australia, New Guinea, and Melville Island. Head and body are 16.5–20 cm. Tail length is 18–21.5 cm. The tail is haired and has a distinct ...
'' division **Genus ''
Conilurus The rabbit rats, genus ''Conilurus'' represent an unusual genus of Old World rats from Australia, New Guinea, and Melville Island. Head and body are 16.5–20 cm. Tail length is 18–21.5 cm. The tail is haired and has a distinct ...
'' - rabbit rats *** † White-footed rabbit rat, ''Conilurus albipes'' ***
Brush-tailed rabbit rat The brush-tailed rabbit rat (''Conilurus penicillatus'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in Australia and Papua New Guinea. Taxonomy The brush-tailed rabbit-rat is one of three ''Conilurus'' species that were extan ...
, ''Conilurus penicillatus'' **Genus '' Leporillus'' - Australian stick-nest rats *** † Lesser stick-nest rat, ''Leporillus apicalis'' ***
Greater stick-nest rat The greater stick-nest rat, also known as the house-building rat and wopilkara (''Leporillus conditor'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. They are about the size of a small rabbit and construct large nests of interwoven sticks. Onc ...
, ''Leporillus conditor'' **Genus '' Mesembriomys'' - tree rats *** Black-footed tree rat, ''Mesembriomys gouldii'' *** Golden-backed tree rat, ''Mesembriomys macrurus'' *''
Haeromys ''Haeromys'' is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae endemic to Southeast Asia. It contains the following species: * Ranee mouse (''Haeromys margarettae'') * Minahassa ranee mouse The Minahassa ranee mouse (''Haeromys minahassae'') is a sp ...
'' division ** Genus ''
Haeromys ''Haeromys'' is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae endemic to Southeast Asia. It contains the following species: * Ranee mouse (''Haeromys margarettae'') * Minahassa ranee mouse The Minahassa ranee mouse (''Haeromys minahassae'') is a sp ...
'' - pygmy tree mice *** Ranee mouse, ''Haeromys margarettae'' ***
Minahassa ranee mouse The Minahassa ranee mouse (''Haeromys minahassae'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only on the island of Sulawesi (Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and O ...
, ''Haeromys minahassae'' *** Lesser ranee mouse, ''Haeromys pusillus'' * ''
Hydromys ''Hydromys'' is a genus (biology), genus of semiaquatic rodents in the subfamily Murinae. Three species are endemism, endemic to New Guinea and nearby islands. The fourth species, the rakali, is also found on Australia. The most recently discover ...
'' division ** Genus ''
Baiyankamys '' Baiyankamys'' is a genus of amphibious murid rodents. It was originally described, along with the species ''Baiyankamys shawmayeri'' by Hinton in 1943 after he found the remains of a single individual in south east of the Bismarck Mountain ...
'' (formerly in ''Hydromys'') *** Mountain water rat, ''Baiyankamys habbema'' ***
Shaw Mayer's water rat Shaw Mayer's water rat (''Baiyankamys shawmayeri'') is a semiaquatic species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in the mountains of Papua New Guinea. Names It is known as kuypep kuykuy-sek in the Kalam language of Papua New Guinea ...
, ''Baiyankamys shawmayeri'' ** Genus '' Crossomys'' (Earless Water Rat) ***
Earless water rat The earless water rat (''Crossomys moncktoni'') is a New Guinea rodent, part of the ''Hydromys'' group of the subfamily of Old World rats and mice (Murinae). It is the only species of the genus ''Crossomys''. This species is probably most closely ...
, ''Crossomys moncktoni'' ** Genus ''
Hydromys ''Hydromys'' is a genus (biology), genus of semiaquatic rodents in the subfamily Murinae. Three species are endemism, endemic to New Guinea and nearby islands. The fourth species, the rakali, is also found on Australia. The most recently discover ...
'' - water rats ***
Rakali The rakali (''Hydromys chrysogaster)'', also known as the rabe or water-rat, is an Australian native rodent first described in 1804. Adoption of the Aboriginal name Rakali is intended to foster a positive public attitude by Environment Australia ...
, ''Hydromys chrysogaster'' ***
Western water rat The western water rat (''Hydromys hussoni'') is a semiaquatic species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in West Papua, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat los ...
, ''Hydromys hussoni'' ***
New Britain water rat The New Britain water rat (''Hydromys neobritannicus'') is a species of semiaquatic rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only on the island of New Britain in Papua New Guinea. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (als ...
, ''Hydromys neobrittanicus'' *** Ziegler's water rat, ''Hydromys ziegleri'' ** Genus ''
Leptomys ''Leptomys'' is a genus of rodent endemic to New Guinea. It is considered part of the New Guinea Old Endemics, meaning it was part of the first wave of murine rodents to colonize the island. Leptomys are seen to have minimal adaptations to thei ...
'' *** ''
Leptomys arfakensis ''Leptomys arfakensis'' is a species of rodent in the family of Muridae. It is found in the Arfak Mountains of West Papua, Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between th ...
'' ***
Long-footed water rat The long-footed water rat (''Leptomys elegans'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in the mountains of southern Papua New Guinea. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forest. Distribution and habitat The l ...
, ''Leptomys elegans'' ***
Ernst Mayr's water rat Ernst Mayr's water rat (''Leptomys ernstmayri'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae, named for evolutionary biologist Ernst Mayr. It is found in the Foja Mountains of Papua Province, Indonesia, and in the mountains of northeastern Papu ...
, ''Leptomys ernstmayri'' *** ''
Leptomys paulus ''Leptomys paulus'' is a small rodent belonging to the family Muridae endemic to New Guinea. Description ''L. paulus'' has a head and body length of between 117 and 132 mm, and a tail length of between 138 and 163 mm. Its ears are 18 ...
'' ***
Fly River water rat The Fly River water rat (''Leptomys signatus'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in Papua New Guinea. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruc ...
, ''Leptomys signatus'' **Genus ''
Microhydromys ''Microhydromys'' is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae. It contains the following species: * Southern groove-toothed moss mouse (''Microhydromys argenteus'') * Northern groove-toothed shrew mouse The northern groove-toothed shrew mouse ...
'' *** Southern groove-toothed moss mouse, ''Microhydromys argenteus'' ***
Northern groove-toothed shrew mouse The northern groove-toothed shrew mouse (''Microhydromys richardsoni'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae found in West Papua, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, P ...
, ''Microhydromys richardsoni'' ** Genus '' Mirzamys'' *** Mirza's western moss rat, ''Mirzamys louiseae'' *** Mirza's eastern moss rat, ''Mirzamys norahae'' **Genus '' Parahydromys'' (Mountain Water Rat) ***
New Guinea waterside rat The New Guinea waterside rat (''Parahydromys asper'') is the only member of the genus ''Parahydromys''. It is considered part of the New Guinea Old Endemics, meaning its ancestors were part of the first wave of murine rodents to colonize the isl ...
, ''Parahydromys asper'' ** Genus ''
Paraleptomys ''Paraleptomys'' is a genus of rodent from New Guinea. It is considered part of the New Guinea Old Endemics, meaning it was part of the first wave of murine rodents to colonize the island. Members of the genus are similar to those in ''Leptomys' ...
'' ***
Northern water rat The northern water rat (''Paraleptomys rufilatus'') is an endangered species of rodent in the family Muridae found in the highlands of New Guinea. Distribution The northern water rat is a rodent of the genus ''Paraleptomys'' appearing on New Gu ...
, ''Paraleptomys rufilatus'' ***
Short-haired water rat The short-haired water rat (''Paraleptomys wilhelmina'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in West Papua, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu ...
, ''Paraleptomys wilhelmina'' **Genus ''
Pseudohydromys ''Pseudohydromys'' is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae endemic to New Guinea. It contains the following species: * Bishop's moss mouse (''Pseudohydromys berniceae'') * Huon small-toothed moss mouse (''Pseudohydromys carlae'') * Laur ...
'' - New Guinea false water rats *** Bishop moss mouse, ''Pseudohydromys berniceae'' ***
Huon small-toothed moss mouse The huon small-toothed moss mouse (''Pseudohydromys carlae'') is a species of mouse belonging to the family Muridae that is endemic to Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), o ...
, ''Pseudohydromys carlae'' ***
Laurie's moss mouse Laurie’s moss mouse (''Pseudohydromys eleanorae'') is a species of mouse belonging to the family Muridae that is endemic to Papua New Guinea. It was first described in 2009. Habitat The species is found between 2740 and 3050 m in the Bis ...
, ''Pseudohydromys eleanorae'' ***
One-toothed shrew mouse The one-toothed shew mouse (''Pseudohydromys ellermani'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in West Papua, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua N ...
, ''Pseudohydromys ellermani'' *** Mottled-tailed shrew mouse, ''Pseudohydromys fuscus'' ***
German's one-toothed moss mouse German's one-toothed moss mouse (''Pseudohydromys germani'')Reeder, D.M., Helgen, K.M. & Wilson, D.E. 2007. Global trends and biases in new mammal species discoveries. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Texas Tech University 269. is a species of ...
, ''Pseudohydromys germani'' ***
Eastern shrew mouse The eastern shew mouse (''Pseudohydromys murinus'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Ind ...
, ''Pseudohydromys murinus'' *** Musser's shrew mouse, ''Pseudohydromys musseri'' ***
Western shrew mouse The western shrew mouse (''Pseudohydromys occidentalis'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in West Papua (region), West Papua, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. References

* Pseudohydromys Rodents of Papua New Gui ...
, ''Pseudohydromys occidentalis'' ***
Woolley's moss mouse Woolley's moss mouse (''Pseudohydromys patriciae'') is a species of mouse endemic to Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guine ...
, ''Pseudohydromys patriciae'' *** Southern small-toothed moss mouse, ''Pseudohydromys pumehanae'' *** White-bellied moss mouse, ''Pseudohydromys sandrae'' ** Genus ''
Xeromys ''Xeromys myoides'', also known as the water mouse, marine mouse, mangrove mouse, false water rat, manngay and yirrkoo, is a species of rodent native to waterways of Australia and Papua New Guinea. Taxonomy A description of the species was pu ...
'' (False Water Rat) ***
False water rat ''Xeromys myoides'', also known as the water mouse, marine mouse, mangrove mouse, false water rat, manngay and yirrkoo, is a species of rodent native to waterways of Australia and Papua New Guinea. Taxonomy A description of the species was pu ...
, ''Xeromys myoides'' * ''
Mallomys ''Mallomys'' is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae. The name of the genus is formed from the Greek μαλλός, ''mallos'', wool, and μῦς, ''mus'', mouse/rat. These very large rats weigh between and are native to highlands in New Guin ...
'' division **Genus '' Abeomelomys'' *** Highland brush mouse, ''Abeomelomys sevia'' **Genus ''
Mallomys ''Mallomys'' is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae. The name of the genus is formed from the Greek μαλλός, ''mallos'', wool, and μῦς, ''mus'', mouse/rat. These very large rats weigh between and are native to highlands in New Guin ...
'' - giant tree rats *** De Vis's woolly rat, ''Mallomys aroaensis'' ***
Alpine woolly rat The alpine woolly rat (''Mallomys gunung'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in West Papua, Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the I ...
, ''Mallomys gunung'' *** Subalpine woolly rat, ''Mallomys istapantap'' *** Rothschild's woolly rat, ''Mallomys rothschildi'' ***
Bosavi woolly rat The Bosavi woolly rat is a species of rodent that was discovered deep in the jungle of Papua New Guinea in 2009. It is believed to belong to the genus '' Mallomys'', within the family Muridae, according to initial investigation, although this has ...
, ''Mallomys'' sp. ''nov.'' *** Arfak woolly rat, ''Mallomys'' sp. ''nov.'' *** Foja woolly rat, ''Mallomys'' sp. ''nov.'' **Genus ''
Mammelomys ''Mammelomys'' is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae endemic to New Guinea. It contains the following species: Genus ''Mammelomys'' *Large-scaled mosaic-tailed rat The large-scaled mosaic-tailed rat (''Mammelomys lanosus'') is a species ...
'' ***
Large-scaled mosaic-tailed rat The large-scaled mosaic-tailed rat (''Mammelomys lanosus'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in West Papua, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua ...
, ''Mammelomys lanosus'' ***
Large mosaic-tailed rat The large mosaic-tailed rat (''Mammelomys rattoides'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in West Papua, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu ...
, ''Mammelomys rattoides'' **Genus '' Pogonomelomys'' - Rummler's mosaic tailed rats *** Lowland brush mouse, ''Pogonomelomys bruijni'' *** Shaw Mayer's brush mouse, ''Pogonomelomys mayeri'' **Genus '' Xenuromys'' (white-tailed New Guinea rats) ***
Mimic tree rat The mimic tree rat, rock-dwelling giant rat, or rock-dwelling rat (''Xenuromys barbatus'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae found in West Papua (region), West Papua, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. References

* Old World ra ...
, ''Xenuromys barbatus'' *''
Pogonomys ''Pogonomys'' is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae, found in New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; id, Papua, or , historically ) is the world's second-largest island with an area of . Located in Oceania in the south ...
'' division ** Genus '' Anisomys'' (Powerful-toothed Rat) ***
Squirrel-toothed rat The squirrel-toothed rat (''Anisomys imitator''), also known as the New Guinea giant rat, powerful-toothed rat, uneven-toothed rat, or narrow-toothed giant rat, is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is the only species in the genus ''A ...
, ''Anisomys imitator'' ** Genus ''
Chiruromys ''Chiruromys'' is a genus of Old World mouse that is restricted to New Guinea and the nearby islands of Goodenough, Fergusson, and Normanby. Characteristics These are small arboreal rats with long tails. Head and body is , tail is , and wei ...
'' *** Greater tree mouse, ''Chiruromys forbesi'' ***
Lamia LaMia Corporation S.R.L., operating as LaMia (short for ''Línea Aérea Mérida Internacional de Aviación''), was a Bolivian charter airline headquartered in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, as an EcoJet subsidiary. It had its origins from the failed ...
, ''Chiruromys lamia'' ***
Lesser tree mouse The lesser tree mouse (''Chiruromys vates'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae found only in Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State ...
, ''Chiruromys vates'' ** Genus '' Hyomys'' - white-eared rats ***
Western white-eared giant rat The western white-eared giant rat (''Hyomys dammermani'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in West Papua (region), West Papua, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. References

* Rodents of Papua New Guinea Hyomys Mamm ...
, ''Hyomys dammermani'' *** Eastern white-eared giant rat, ''Hyomys goliath'' ** Genus '' Lorentzimys'' (New Guinea jumping mouse) *** New Guinean jumping mouse, ''Lorentzimys nouhuysi'' **Genus ''
Macruromys ''Macruromys'' is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae endemic to New Guinea. It contains the following species: * Lesser small-toothed rat The lesser small-toothed rat or western small-toothed rat (''Macruromys elegans'') is a species of ...
'' - New Guinean rats ***
Lesser small-toothed rat The lesser small-toothed rat or western small-toothed rat (''Macruromys elegans'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in West Papua, Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in S ...
, ''Macruromys elegans'' *** Eastern small-toothed rat, ''Macruromys major'' ** Genus ''
Pogonomys ''Pogonomys'' is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae, found in New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; id, Papua, or , historically ) is the world's second-largest island with an area of . Located in Oceania in the south ...
'' - prehensile-tailed rats ***
Champion's tree mouse Champion's tree mouse (''Pogonomys championi'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Indepen ...
, ''Pogonomys championi'' *** D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago tree mouse, ''Pogonomys fergussoniensis'' ***
Large tree mouse The large tree mouse (''Pogonomys loriae'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found on the island of New Guinea (Indonesia and Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Ni ...
, ''Pogonomys loriae'' ***
Chestnut tree mouse The chestnut tree mouse (''Pogonomys macrourus'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially ...
, ''Pogonomys macrourus'' ***
Prehensile-tailed rat The prehensile-tailed rat (''Pogonomys mollipilosus'') is a species of rodent that can be found in New Guinea and Australia; it occurs in the tropical rainforest of Queensland ) , nickname = Sunshine State , image_map = Queensland in Aust ...
, ''Pogonomys mollipilosus'' ***
Gray-bellied tree mouse The gray-bellied tree mouse (''Pogonomys sylvestris'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in Papua New Guinea. It is consumed by the Kalam people of Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; ...
, ''Pogonomys sylvestris'' * ''
Pseudomys ''Pseudomys'' is a genus of rodent that contains a wide variety of mice native to Australia and New Guinea. They are among the few terrestrial placental mammals that colonised Australia without human intervention. Natural history This genus con ...
'' division ** Genus ''
Leggadina ''Leggadina'' is a genus of rodents from Australia. Species Genus ''Leggadina'' *Forrest's mouse, ''Leggadina forresti'' Thomas, 1906 *Lakeland Downs mouse The Lakeland Downs mouse (''Leggadina lakedownensis'') is a species of rodent in the ...
'' ***
Forrest's mouse The Forrest's mouse (''Leggadina forresti''), or desert short-tailed mouse, is a small species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is a widespread but sparsely distributed species found across arid and semi-arid inland Australia, commonly found ...
, ''Leggadina forresti'' ***
Lakeland Downs mouse The Lakeland Downs mouse (''Leggadina lakedownensis'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in Australia. Its natural habitat is dry savanna A savanna or savannah is a mixed woodland-grassland (i.e. grassy woodlan ...
, ''Leggadina lakedownensis'' ** Genus ''
Mastacomys The broad-toothed rat (''Mastacomys fuscus'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. Distribution and habitat It is found only in South-eastern Australia. In Victoria live specimens have been caught in the Snowfields, Great Dividing Ra ...
'' ***
Broad-toothed mouse The broad-toothed rat (''Mastacomys fuscus'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. Distribution and habitat It is found only in South-eastern Australia. In Victoria live specimens have been caught in the Snowfields, Great Dividing Ra ...
, ''Mastacomys fuscus'' ** Genus ''
Notomys A hopping mouse is any of about ten different Australian native mice in the genus ''Notomys''. They are rodents, not marsupials, and their ancestors are thought to have arrived from Asia about 5 million years ago. All are brown or fawn, fading ...
'' - Australian
hopping mice A hopping mouse is any of about ten different Australian native mice in the genus ''Notomys''. They are rodents, not marsupials, and their ancestors are thought to have arrived from Asia about 5 million years ago. All are brown or fawn, fading t ...
***
Spinifex hopping mouse The spinifex hopping mouse (''Notomys alexis''), also known as the tarkawara or tarrkawarra, occurs throughout the central and western Australian arid zones, occupying both spinifex-covered sand flats and stabilised sand dunes, and loamy mulga ...
, ''Notomys alexis'' ***
Short-tailed hopping mouse The short-tailed hopping mouse (''Notomys amplus'') is an extinct species of mouse from open stony (gibber) plains with desert grasses, low shrubs and sand ridges in the area around Charlotte Waters, near Alice Springs in Central Australia. It w ...
, ''Notomys amplus'' † ***
Northern hopping mouse The northern hopping mouse (''Notomys aquilo'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in coastal northern Australia, from Arnhem Land to the Cobourg Peninsula. This mouse weighs 25 to 30 grams and is brown above and whit ...
, ''Notomys aquilo'' ***
Fawn hopping mouse The fawn hopping mouse (''Notomys cervinus'') is a rodent native to the central Australian desert. Like all hopping mice it has strong front teeth, a long tail, dark eyes, big ears, well-developed haunches and very long, narrow hind feet. It weigh ...
, ''Notomys cervinus'' ***
Dusky hopping mouse The dusky hopping mouse (''Notomys fuscus''), is a small rodent endemic to Australia, inhabiting desert regions characterised by sand dunes. Populations have experienced significant declines since the arrival of Europeans, and continue to be subject ...
, ''Notomys fuscus'' ***
Long-tailed hopping mouse The long-tailed hopping mouse (''Notomys longicaudatus'') is an extinct species of rodent in the family Muridae. It was found only in Australia. It is known from a handful of specimens, the last of which was collected in 1901 or possibly 1902. It ...
, ''Notomys longicaudatus'' † ***
Big-eared hopping mouse The big-eared hopping mouse (''Notomys macrotis'') is an extinct species of mouse, which lived in the Moore River area of south-western Australia. The big-eared hopping mouse was a small, rat-sized animal resembling a tiny kangaroo. It had large ...
, ''Notomys macrotis'' † *** Mitchell's hopping mouse, ''Notomys mitchellii'' *** Darling Downs hopping mouse, ''Notomys mordax'' † ***
Great hopping mouse The great hopping mouse (''Notomys robustus'') is an extinct species of mammal native to Australia. It is known only from skulls found in owl pellets in the Flinders Ranges The Flinders Ranges are the largest mountain range in South Australi ...
, ''Notomys robustus'' † ** Genus ''
Pseudomys ''Pseudomys'' is a genus of rodent that contains a wide variety of mice native to Australia and New Guinea. They are among the few terrestrial placental mammals that colonised Australia without human intervention. Natural history This genus con ...
'' - Australian native mice *** Ash-grey mouse, ''Pseudomys albocinereus'' *** Silky mouse, ''Pseudomys apodemoides'' ***
Plains rat The plains rat ''(Pseudomys australis)'', also known as the palyoora, plains mouse and eastern mouse, is a conilurine rodent native to arid and semi-arid Australia. Referred to as the ''pallyoora'' or ''yarlie'' by Indigenous groups, the plains ...
, ''Pseudomys australis'' ***
Bolam's mouse Bolam's mouse (''Pseudomys bolami'') is a species of nocturnal, burrowing rodent in the family Muridae that inhabits the semi arid and southern arid regions of Australia.Moseby, K. E., & Read, J. L. (1998). Population dynamics and movement patt ...
, ''Pseudomys bolami'' *** Kakadu pebble-mound mouse, ''Pseudomys calabyi'' ***
Western pebble-mound mouse Western pebble-mound mouse or Ngadji, species ''Pseudomys chapmani'', is a burrowing and mound building rodent in the family Muridae. They occur in the Pilbara, a remote region in the northwest of Australia. Taxonomy The species was describ ...
, ''Pseudomys chapmani'' ***
Little native mouse The little native mouse (''Pseudomys delicatulus''), also known as the delicate mouse, is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. The Kunwinjku of western Arnhem Land call this little creature Kijbuk. It is found in Western Australia, the No ...
, ''Pseudomys delicatulus'' ***
Desert mouse The desert mouse (''Pseudomys desertor''), also known as the brown desert mouse, is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is endemic to Australia. The first desert mouse specimen was collected by Australian zoologist Gerard Krefft on t ...
, ''Pseudomys desertor'' ***
Smoky mouse The smoky mouse (''Pseudomys fumeus'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae native to southeastern Australia. It was first described in 1934 and its species name is Latin for "smoky". As its name suggests, it is a grey-furred mouse, dark ...
, ''Pseudomys fumeus'' ***
Blue-gray mouse The blue-gray mouse (''Pseudomys glaucus'') is an Australian rodent species that is only known by a few specimens found in Eastern Australia, and since presumed to have become extinct. Taxonomy The species was described by Oldfield Thomas in ...
, ''Pseudomys glaucus'' † *** Gould's mouse, ''Pseudomys gouldii'' *** Eastern chestnut mouse, ''Pseudomys gracilicaudatus'' *** Sandy inland mouse, ''Pseudomys hermannsburgensis'' ***
Long-tailed mouse The long-tailed mouse (''Pseudomys higginsi'') is a native Australian mammal in the Order Rodentia and the Family Muridae. It is found only on the island of Tasmania. The long-tailed mouse is an omnivore that feeds on insects and a range of plan ...
, ''Pseudomys higginsi'' *** Central pebble-mound mouse, ''Pseudomys johnsoni'' **** Kimberley mouse, ''Pseudomys (laborifex) johnsoni'' *** Western chestnut mouse, ''Pseudomys nanus'' ***
New Holland mouse The New Holland mouse (''Pseudomys novaehollandiae'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It was first described by George Waterhouse in 1843. It vanished from view for over a century before its rediscovery in Ku-ring-gai Chase Natio ...
, ''Pseudomys novaehollandiae'' *** Western mouse, ''Pseudomys occidentalis'' *** Hastings River mouse, ''Pseudomys oralis'' *** Country mouse, ''Pseudomys patrius'' ***
Pilliga mouse ''Pseudomys pilligaensis'', commonly known as the Pilliga mouse or poolkoo, is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. Its distribution comprises the Pilliga forest region of New South Wales, Australia, specimens have also been trapped in the ...
, ''Pseudomys pilligaensis'' ***
Heath mouse The heath mouse (''Pseudomys shortridgei'') is a species of mouse in the subfamily Murinae, the Old World rats and mice, found in Australia. Taxonomy A description of the species, based on material collected by Guy Shortridge at "Woyaline, ea ...
, ''Pseudomys shortridgei'' ** Genus '' Zyzomys'' - thick-tailed rats *** Common rock rat, ''Zyzomys argurus'' ***
Arnhem Land rock rat The Arnhem Land rock rat (''Zyzomys maini'') also known as the Arnhem rock-rat and by the Indigenous Australian name of kodjperr is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in the Top End Region of the Northern Territory in Aust ...
, ''Zyzomys maini'' ***
Carpentarian rock rat The Carpentarian rock rat (''Zyzomys palatalis'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in Australia. Taxonomy The description of the species was published by Darrell Kitchener in 1989, emerging from a revision of the g ...
, ''Zyzomys palatilis'' *** Central rock rat, ''Zyzomys pedunculatus'' ***
Kimberley rock rat The Kimberley rock rat (''Zyzomys woodwardi'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in Australia, specifically in the northern tropical part of the Northern Territory and adjacent Kimberley region of Western Australia ...
, ''Zyzomys woodwardi'' * ''
Uromys ''Uromys'' is a genus of rodents found in Melanesia and Australia. They are known as the giant naked-tailed rats. There are eleven species in the genus, with the most recent described in 2017. Species *Giant naked-tailed rat, ''Uromys anak'' Th ...
'' division ** Genus ''
Melomys ''Melomys'' is a genus of rodents in the family Muridae. Members of this genus live in the wet habitats of northern Australia ( Far North Queensland), New Guinea, Torres Strait Islands and islands of the Indonesian archipelago. Species The ge ...
'' - banana rats ***
Dusky mosaic-tailed rat The dusky mosaic-tailed rat (''Melomys aerosus'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. Distribution This rat species is endemic to Seram Island of the Maluku Islands archipelago, in Indonesia. It is found from . It is currently known ...
, ''Melomys aerosus'' *** Rossel Island mosaic-tailed rat, ''Melomys arcium'' *** Bannister's rat, ''Melomys bannisteri'' ***
Bougainville mosaic-tailed rat The Bougainville mosaic-tailed rat (''Melomys bougainville'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officia ...
, ''Melomys bougainville'' *** Grassland mosaic-tailed rat, ''Melomys burtoni'' *** Cape York mosaic-tailed rat, ''Melomys capensis'' ***
Fawn-footed mosaic-tailed rat The fawn-footed mosaic-tailed rat, or fawn-footed melomys (''Melomys cervinipes'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found along eastern coastal regions of Australia. The upper parts of this species are a sandy-brown colour, ...
, ''Melomys cervinipes'' ***
Yamdena mosaic-tailed rat The Yamdena mosaic-tailed rat (''Melomys cooperae'') is a species of rat belonging to the family Muridae. It was first described in 1995 from specimens found on Yamdena Island in Indonesia. No other examples of this species have been found; as ...
, ''Melomys cooperae'' ***
Dollman's mosaic-tailed rat Dollman's melomys (''Melomys dollmani'') is a species of rodent from the family Muridae. It lives in the eastern highlands of Papua New Guinea at an elevation of at least and on the slopes of Mount Hagen and Mount Sisa. However, it is not foun ...
, ''Melomys dollmani'' ***
Manusela mosaic-tailed rat The Manusela mosaic-tailed rat (''Melomys fraterculus'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in Indonesia. It lives in the rainforests on the island of Seram in Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of I ...
, ''Melomys fraterculus'' ***
Snow Mountains grassland mosaic-tailed rat The Snow Mountains grassland mosaic-tailed rat (''Melomys frigicola''), also known as the Snow Mountains grassland melomys, is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is endemic to the mountainous west part of the island of New Guinea, wher ...
, ''Melomys frigicola'' ***
Seram long-tailed mosaic-tailed rat The Seram long-tailed mosaic-tailed rat (''Melomys fulgens''), also known as the Seram long-tailed melomys, is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only on the south coast of the island of Seram in Indonesia. At one time it was ...
, ''Melomys fulgens'' ***
Riama mosaic-tailed rat The Riama mosaic-tailed rat (''Melomys howi''), is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only on the island of Riama in Indonesia, a small island to the west of Selaru in the Tanimbar Islands. Very little is known about this sp ...
, ''Melomys howi'' *** White-bellied mosaic-tailed rat, ''Melomys leucogaster'' ***
Papua grassland mosaic-tailed rat The Papua grassland mosaic-tailed rat (''Melomys lutillus''), also known as the grassland melomys, is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is endemic to the island of New Guinea where it is present from sea level to altitudes of about . ...
, ''Melomys lutillus'' *** Manus Island mosaic-tailed rat, ''Melomys matambuai'' ***
Obi mosaic-tailed rat The Obi mosaic-tailed rat (''Melomys obiensis'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian a ...
, ''Melomys obiensis'' ***
Pavel's Seram mosaic-tailed rat The Pavel's Seram mosaic-tailed rat (''Melomys paveli'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only on the south coast of the island of Seram in Indonesia. At one time it was thought to be a subspecies of the black-tailed mosa ...
, ''Melomys paveli'' ***
Bramble Cay mosaic-tailed rat The Bramble Cay melomys, or Bramble Cay mosaic-tailed rat (''Melomys rubicola''), is a recently extinct species of rodent in the family Muridae and subfamily Murinae. It was an endemic species of the isolated Bramble Cay, a low-lying vegetat ...
, ''Melomys rubicola'' ***
Black-tailed mosaic-tailed rat The black-tailed mosaic-tailed rat (''Melomys rufescens'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is endemic to the island of New Guinea. Names It is known as alks in the Kalam language of Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (a ...
, ''Melomys rufescens'' *** Buka Island mosaic-tailed rat, ''Melomys spechti'' ***
Short-tailed Talaud mosaic-tailed rat The short-tailed Talaud mosaic-tailed rat or the short-tailed Talaud melomys (''Melomys caurinus'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is endemic to Karakelong and Salebabu in the Talaud Islands in Indonesia where it occurs in fore ...
, ''Melomys caurinus'' *** Long-tailed Talaud mosaic-tailed rat, ''Melomys talaudium'' ** Genus ''
Paramelomys ''Paramelomys'' is a genus of rodent. All of the nine species of the genus are found in West Papua, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. Species *'' Paramelomys gressitti'' *''Paramelomys levipes The long-nosed mosaic-tailed rat or Papuan lowland ...
'' *** Gressitt's mosaic-tailed rat, ''Paramelomys gressitti'' ***
Long-nosed mosaic-tailed rat The long-nosed mosaic-tailed rat or Papuan lowland paramelomys (''Paramelomys levipes'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho ...
, ''Paramelomys levipes'' ***
Lorentz's mosaic-tailed rat Lorentz's mosaic-tailed rat (''Paramelomys lorentzii'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in West Papua, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. The rat is named after Hendrikus Albertus Lorentz, a Dutch explorer who passed thro ...
, ''Paramelomys lorentzii'' *** Thomas's mosaic-tailed rat, ''Paramelomys mollis'' *** Moncton's mosaic-tailed rat, ''Paramelomys moncktoni'' *** '' Paramelomys naso'' (formerly in ''P. levipes'') *** Lowland mosaic-tailed rat, ''Paramelomys platyops'' *** Mountain mosaic-tailed rat, ''Paramelomys rubex'' *** '' Paramelomys steini'' ** Genus '' Protochromys'' *** Red-bellied mosaic-tailed rat, ''Protochromys fellowsi'' ** Genus ''
Solomys ''Solomys'' is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae. These large rats, which are all seriously threatened (one already extinct), are native to the Solomon Islands. It contains the following species: * Poncelet's giant rat (''Solomys poncelet ...
'' - naked-tailed rats ***
Poncelet's giant rat Poncelet's giant rat or Poncelet's naked-tailed rat (''Solomys ponceleti'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands Solomon Islands is an island country consisting of six major i ...
, ''Solomys ponceleti'' ***
Florida naked-tailed rat The Florida naked-tailed rat (''Solomys salamonis'') is a poorly known and possible extinct species of rodent in the family Muridae. It was confined to the Nggela Islands (previously known as Florida Islands) in the Solomon Islands. The originall ...
, ''Solomys salamonis'' ***
Bougainville naked-tailed rat The Bougainville naked-tailed rat (''Solomys salebrosus'') or Bougainville giant rat is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands Solomon Islands is an island country consisting o ...
, ''Solomys salebrosus'' ***
Isabel naked-tailed rat The Isabel naked-tailed rat (''Solomys sapientis'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only on the island of Santa Isabel in the Solomon Islands Solomon Islands is an island country consisting of six major islands ...
, ''Solomys sapientis'' ***
Buka Island naked-tailed rat The Buka Island solomys (''Solomys spriggsarum''), also known as the Buka naked-tailed rat or Buka Island naked-tailed rat, is an extinct species of rodent known only from subfossil remains. This species occurred on Buka Island, the second larges ...
, ''Solomys spriggsarum'' ** Genus ''
Uromys ''Uromys'' is a genus of rodents found in Melanesia and Australia. They are known as the giant naked-tailed rats. There are eleven species in the genus, with the most recent described in 2017. Species *Giant naked-tailed rat, ''Uromys anak'' Th ...
'' - giant naked-tailed rats ***
Giant naked-tailed rat The giant naked-tailed rat (''Uromys anak'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in West Papua, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. It lives in tropical forests, wetlands, and in degraded forests. Names It is known as abben ...
, ''Uromys anak'' ***
Biak giant rat The Biak Island uromys or Biak giant rat (''Uromys boeadii'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is known only from a single specimen collected on the Indonesian island of Biak Biak is an island located in Cenderawasih Bay near ...
, ''Uromys boeadii'' ***
Giant white-tailed rat The giant white-tailed rat (''Uromys caudimaculatus'') is an Australian rodent native to tropical rainforest of north Queensland, with subspecies occurring in New Guinea and the Aru Islands. It is one of the largest rodents in Australia, reaching ...
, ''Uromys caudimaculatus'' ***
Emma's giant rat Emma's uromys or Emma's giant rat (''Uromys emmae'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is only known from Owi Island, a small island of the size of about one square kilometer some 5km South of Biak Island, Indonesia Indone ...
, ''Uromys emmae'' ***
Masked white-tailed rat The masked white-tailed rat (''Uromys hadrourus'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in Australia, in north-east Queensland. Descriptive English common names for this species include Masked White-tailed Rat and Tho ...
, ''Uromys hadrourus'' ***
Emperor rat The emperor rat (''Uromys imperator'') is a large species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is endemic to the island of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands. It is classified as critically endangered by the IUCN The International Union for C ...
, ''Uromys imperator'' (possibly extinct) *** Bismarck giant rat, ''Uromys neobritanicus'' ***
Guadalcanal rat The Guadalcanal rat (''Uromys porculus'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It was found only in the Solomon Islands. Since this species was collected between 1886 and 1888 it has not been seen again. It is possibly extinct. Descrip ...
, ''Uromys porculus'' (possibly extinct) *** King rat, ''Uromys rex'' ***
Great Key Island giant rat The Great Key Island giant rat, or Great Key Island uromys (''Uromys siebersi'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is known only from Great Key Island, Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country ...
, ''Uromys siebersi'' ***
Vangunu giant rat The Vangunu giant rat (''Uromys vika''), locally known as the vika, is a giant arboreal species of rodent in the family Muridae. The rat was discovered in the island of Vangunu in the Solomon Islands in 2015, after years of searching based on loc ...
, ''Uromys vika'' *Unknown division **Genus ''
Brassomys The white-toothed brush mouse (''Coccymys albidens''), also known as the white-toothed melomys or white-toothed mouse, is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in West Papua (region), West Papua, Indonesia. Its natural habit ...
'' ***
White-toothed brush mouse The white-toothed brush mouse (''Coccymys albidens''), also known as the white-toothed melomys or white-toothed mouse, is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in West Papua, Indonesia. Its natural habitats are subtropical ...
, ''Brassomys albidens'' **Genus ''
Coccymys ''Coccymys'' is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae endemic to Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. It contains the following species: * '' Coccymys kirrhos'' * Rümmler's brush mouse Rümmler's brush mouse or Rümmler's mouse (''Coccymys ruem ...
'' *** ''
Coccymys kirrhos ''Coccymys kirrhos'' is a rodent in the family Muridae that is native to New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; id, Papua, or , historically ) is the world's second-largest island with an area of . Located in Oceania in the ...
'' ***
Rümmler's brush mouse Rümmler's brush mouse or Rümmler's mouse (''Coccymys ruemmleri'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and subtropica ...
, ''Coccymys ruemmleri'' *** ''
Coccymys shawmayeri ''Coccymys shawmayeri'' is a rodent in the family of Muridae native to New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; id, Papua, or , historically ) is the world's second-largest island with an area of . Located in Oceania in the s ...
''


Threats

In
Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...
, many members of this tribe have gone extinct very rapidly since the 19th century due to introduced predators and habitat alteration (such as development and
fire suppression Wildfire suppression is a range of firefighting tactics used to suppress wildfires. Firefighting efforts in wild land areas require different techniques, equipment, and training from the more familiar structure fire fighting found in populated a ...
). Prominent examples include the white-footed rabbit rat (''Conilurus albipes''), lesser stick-nest rat (''Leporillus apicalis''), blue-grey mouse (''Pseudomys glaucus'') and over half the recent species in the genus ''
Notomys A hopping mouse is any of about ten different Australian native mice in the genus ''Notomys''. They are rodents, not marsupials, and their ancestors are thought to have arrived from Asia about 5 million years ago. All are brown or fawn, fading ...
'', most of which likely went extinct during the late 19th or early 20th centuries; many other species have also seen significantly reduced populations or range reductions. Genetic studies indicate that many of these species had relatively high genetic diversity prior to European colonization, indicating that they were not suffering from inbreeding beforehand and that high genetic diversity does not shield species from extinctions. Another species, the
Bramble Cay melomys The Bramble Cay melomys, or Bramble Cay mosaic-tailed rat (''Melomys rubicola''), is a recently extinct species of rodent in the family Muridae and subfamily Murinae. It was an endemic species of the isolated Bramble Cay, a low-lying vegetate ...
(''Melomys rubicola''), which went extinct in the early 2010s, was the first recorded extinction of an animal due to
sea level rise Globally, sea levels are rising due to human-caused climate change. Between 1901 and 2018, the globally averaged sea level rose by , or 1–2 mm per year on average.IPCC, 2019Summary for Policymakers InIPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cry ...
.


References

{{taxonbar, from =Q15858796, inaturalist = 846294 Old World rats and mice Mammal tribes Taxa named by John Edward Gray