The hydrazine

antidepressant Antidepressants are a class of medication used to treat major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, chronic pain conditions, and to help manage addictions. Common side-effects of antidepressants include dry mouth, weight gain, dizziness, hea ...

s are a group of non-selective, irreversible

monoamine oxidase inhibitor Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of drugs that inhibit the activity of one or both monoamine oxidase enzymes: monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). They are best known as effective antidepressants, espe ...

s (MAOIs) which were discovered and initially marketed in the 1950s and 1960s. Most have been withdrawn due to

toxicity Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a subst ...

, namely

hepatotoxicity Hepatotoxicity (from ''hepatic toxicity'') implies chemical-driven liver damage. Drug-induced liver injury is a cause of acute and chronic liver disease caused specifically by medications and the most common reason for a drug to be withdrawn fro ...

, but a few still remain in clinical use.

Tranylcypromine Tranylcypromine, sold under the brand name Parnate among others,Drugs.co Page accessed April 17, 2016 is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). More specifically, tranylcypromine acts as nonselective and irreversible inhibitor of the enzyme mono ...

, a structurally unrelated MAOI introduced around the same time as the hydrazines, was originally advertised as ''non-hydrazine'' as a result of its diminished propensity for causing hepatotoxicity.

List of hydrazine antidepressants

Marketed

Benmoxin Benmoxin (trade names Neuralex, Nerusil), also known as mebamoxine, is an irreversible and nonselective monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine class. It was synthesized in 1967 and was subsequently used as an antidepressant in E ...

(Neuralex, Nerusil) ^‡ * Iproclozide (Sursum) ^‡ *

Iproniazid Iproniazid (Marsilid, Rivivol, Euphozid, Iprazid, Ipronid, Ipronin) is a non-selective, irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine class. It is a xenobiotic that was originally designed to treat tuberculosis, but was lat ...

(Marsilid) ^‡ *

Isocarboxazid Isocarboxazid (Marplan, Marplon, Enerzer) is a non-selective, irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine class used as an antidepressant. Along with phenelzine and tranylcypromine, it is one of only three classical MAOIs s ...

(Marplan) *

Mebanazine Mebanazine (trade name Actomol) is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine chemical class that was previously used as an antidepressant in the 1960s, but has since been withdrawn drug, withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity. Mebanazine in ...

(Actomol) ^‡ *

Nialamide Nialamide (Niamid, Niamide, Nuredal, Surgex) is a non-selective, irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine class that was used as an antidepressant. It was withdrawn by Pfizer several decades ago due to the risk of hepa ...

(Niamid) ^‡ * Octamoxin (Ximaol, Nimaol) ^‡ *

Phenelzine Phenelzine, sold under the brand name Nardil, among others, is a non-selective and irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine class which is primarily used as an antidepressant and anxiolytic. Along with tranylcypromine and ...

(Nardil) *

Pheniprazine Pheniprazine (INN; also known as amphethydrazine and amphetamine hydrazide; brand names Catron and Cavodil; codename JB-516) is an irreversible and nonselective monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine chemical class that was used ...

(Catron) ^‡ *

Phenoxypropazine Phenoxypropazine (trade name Drazine) is an irreversible and non- selective monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine family. It was introduced as an antidepressant in 1961, but was subsequently withdrawn in 1966 due to hepatotoxici ...

(Drazine) ^‡ *

Pivhydrazine Pivhydrazine (trade name Tersavid), also known as pivalylbenzhydrazine and pivazide, is an irreversible and non- selective monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine family. It was formerly used as an antidepressant in the 1960s, but ...

(Tersavid) ^‡ *

Safrazine Safrazine (Safra) is a non-selective, irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine class that was introduced as an antidepressant in the 1960s, but has since been discontinued. See also * Hydrazine (antidepressant) T ...

(Safra) ^‡ Legend: ^‡ = Withdrawn from the market; ^† = Partially discontinued; Bolded names indicate major drugs.

Never marketed

Carbenzide Carbenzide (INN), is a hydrazine derivative monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) antidepressant which was never marketed. See also * Monoamine oxidase inhibitor * Hydrazine (antidepressant) The hydrazine antidepressants are a group of no ...

Cimemoxin Cimemoxin (INN), or cyclohexylmethylhydrazine, is a hydrazine monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) antidepressant which was never marketed. Synthesis It possesses 50 times the relative activity of iproniazid and 25x nialamide (see patent). 3- ...

Domoxin Domoxin (INN) is a hydrazine derivative monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) antidepressant which was never marketed. See also * Monoamine oxidase inhibitor * Hydrazine (antidepressant) The hydrazine antidepressants are a group of non-se ...

Metfendrazine Metfendrazine (HM-11, MO-482), also known as methphendrazine, is an irreversible and nonselective monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine chemical class. It was investigated as an antidepressant, but was never marketed. See als ...

Parkinson's Parkinson's disease (PD), or simply Parkinson's, is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system. The symptoms usually emerge slowly, and as the disease worsens, non-motor symptoms becom ...

Carbidopa Carbidopa (Lodosyn) is a drug given to people with Parkinson's disease in order to inhibit peripheral metabolism of levodopa. This property is significant in that it allows a greater proportion of administered levodopa to cross the blood–bra ...

Tranquillosedative

* Centazolone

References

* {{Hydrazines Hepatotoxins Hydrazines Monoamine oxidase inhibitors