''Hydnocarpus annamensis'' is a tree in the Achariaceae family. It is found in

Thailand Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is bo ...

Cambodia Cambodia (; also Kampuchea ; km, កម្ពុជា, UNGEGN: ), officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochinese Peninsula in Southeast Asia, spanning an area of , bordered by Thailand t ...

Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...

, southern

Yunnan Yunnan , () is a landlocked Provinces of China, province in Southwest China, the southwest of the People's Republic of China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 48.3 million (as of 2018). The capital of the province is ...

and southern

Guangxi Guangxi (; ; Chinese postal romanization, alternately romanized as Kwanghsi; ; za, Gvangjsih, italics=yes), officially the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (GZAR), is an Autonomous regions of China, autonomous region of the People's Republic ...

in Zhōngguó/China. It is threatened by

habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species. The organisms that previously inhabited the site are displaced or dead, thereby ...

. The plant produces low-quality wood and its fruit are used in traditional medicine.

Description

''H. annamensis'' is an evergreen tree, some 7-30m tall, with gray-brown bark. Leaves are either obovate, elliptic-long or oblong-lanceolwate, some 17–35 cm by 7–12 cm. The flowers are either solitary or in 2's or 3's, greenish, appearing April to May in Zhōngguó/China. The berry is reddish or brownish, seeds numerous, fruit appears December to January in Zhōngguó/China.

Habitat

The species grows in secondary formations in Cambodia. In Vietnam, the tree is common and found in primary broad-leaved closed forest in seasonally flooded stream valleys and very steep rocky slopes of isolated limestone mountains at 400–500 elevation. It occurs on moist mountain slopes and thickets along stream in Zhōngguó/China.

Conservation status

The habitat of the tree in Zhōngguó/China has suffered catastrophic damage because of clearance for agriculture and because of fruit harvesting, the plant has limited/scattered distribution, marking it as rare. Overall ''H. annamensis'' and its lowland forest habitats are threatened by agriculture, including annual and & perennial non-timber crops and livestock farming & ranching, by the gathering of terrestrial plants and by logging and wood harvesting

Populations

As noted above, the tree is found in Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, southern Yunnan and southern Guangxi in Zhōngguó/China. The species is relatively common in central and northern Vietnam. It occurs in the Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park, Quảng Bình Province, central Vietnam. It may have a presence in

Laos Laos (, ''Lāo'' )), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic ( Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ, French: République démocratique populaire lao), is a socialist ...

. In Zhōngguó/China, the scattered populations are found in

Mengla Mengla County (; Tai Lue: , ''Mueang La''; lo, ເມືອງລ້າ; th, เมืองล้า) is a county under the jurisdiction of the Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, in far southern Yunnan province, China. ''Meng'' is a vari ...

, Jiangchen,

Jinping Miao, Yao, and Dai Autonomous County Jinping Miao, Yao, and Dai Autonomous County () is located in Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan province, China, bordering Vietnam's Lai Châu Province to the south. Jinping is home to the Red-headed Yao () minority group who wear ...

, Hekou Yao Autonomous County and

Pingbian Miao Autonomous County Pingbian Miao Autonomous County () is a county located in Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture in the southeast of Yunnan province, People's Republic of China. Its seat is located only from the border with Lào Cai Province, Vietnam. Admini ...

in south Yunnan and

Longzhou County Longzhou County Zhuang: ''Lungzcouh Yen'') is a county of southwestern Guangxi, China, bordering Cao Bằng province, Vietnam. It is under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Chongzuo. Longzhou lies in a circular valley at ...

in south-west Guangxi.

Uses

The wood is regarded as 3rd class (low quality) in Cambodia, and is used to make charcoal and short-lasting constructions. In Zhōngguó/China, the fruit are harvested for their medicinal value.

Common names

The tree is known by a number of names, including: ''krâbau'' ( Khmer); ''nang trứng trung bộ'', ''lọ nồi trung bộ'', ''mạy ló'', ''mắc la'' ( Vietnamese); and 大叶龙角, ''da ye long jiao'' (

Chinese Chinese can refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation ** List of ethnic groups in China, people of va ...

)

References

annamensis Flora of Cambodia Flora of Guangxi Flora of Thailand Flora of Vietnam Flora of Yunnan Plants described in 1970 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Vulnerable plants {{malpighiales-stub