Hybrid intelligent system denotes a software system which employs, in parallel, a combination of methods and techniques from artificial intelligence subfields, such as: * Neuro-symbolic systems *

Neuro-fuzzy In the field of artificial intelligence, neuro-fuzzy refers to combinations of artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic. Overview Neuro-fuzzy hybridization results in a hybrid intelligent system that these two techniques by combining the human ...

systems * Hybrid connectionist-symbolic models * Fuzzy expert systems *

Connectionist expert system Connectionist expert systems are artificial neural network (ANN) based expert systems where the ANN generates inferencing rules e.g., fuzzy-multi layer perceptron where linguistic and natural form of inputs are used. Apart from that, rough set theor ...

s * Evolutionary neural networks * Genetic fuzzy systems *

Rough fuzzy hybridization {{No footnotes, date=April 2009 Rough fuzzy hybridization is a method of hybrid intelligent system or soft computing, where Fuzzy set theory is used for linguistic representation of patterns, leading to a ''fuzzy granulation'' of the feature spac ...

Reinforcement learning Reinforcement learning (RL) is an area of machine learning concerned with how intelligent agents ought to take actions in an environment in order to maximize the notion of cumulative reward. Reinforcement learning is one of three basic machine ...

with fuzzy, neural, or evolutionary methods as well as symbolic reasoning methods. From the cognitive science perspective, every natural intelligent system is hybrid because it performs mental operations on both the symbolic and subsymbolic levels. For the past few years, there has been an increasing discussion of the importance of A.I. Systems Integration. Based on notions that there have already been created simple and specific AI systems (such as systems for computer vision, speech synthesis, etc., or software that employs some of the models mentioned above) and now is the time for integration to create broad AI systems. Proponents of this approach are researchers such as

Marvin Minsky Marvin Lee Minsky (August 9, 1927 – January 24, 2016) was an American cognitive and computer scientist concerned largely with research of artificial intelligence (AI), co-founder of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's AI laboratory, ...

, Ron Sun,

Aaron Sloman Aaron Sloman is a philosopher and researcher on artificial intelligence and cognitive science. He held the Chair in Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science at the School of Computer Science at the University of Birmingham, and before that ...

, and Michael A. Arbib. An example hybrid is a

hierarchical control system A hierarchical control system (HCS) is a form of control system in which a set of devices and governing software is arranged in a hierarchical tree. When the links in the tree are implemented by a computer network, then that hierarchical control sy ...

in which the lowest, reactive layers are sub-symbolic. The higher layers, having relaxed time constraints, are capable of reasoning from an abstract world model and performing planning. Intelligent systems usually rely on hybrid reasoning processes, which include

induction Induction, Inducible or Inductive may refer to: Biology and medicine * Labor induction (birth/pregnancy) * Induction chemotherapy, in medicine * Induced stem cells, stem cells derived from somatic, reproductive, pluripotent or other cell t ...

, deduction, abduction and reasoning by analogy.

References

* R. Sun & L. Bookman, (eds.), Computational Architectures Integrating Neural and Symbolic Processes. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Needham, MA. 1994. http://www.cogsci.rpi.edu/~rsun/book2-ann.html * S. Wermter and R. Sun, (eds.) Hybrid Neural Systems. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg. 2000. http://www.cogsci.rpi.edu/~rsun/book4-ann.html * R. Sun and F. Alexandre, (eds.) Connectionist-Symbolic Integration. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ. 1997. * Albus, J. S., Bostelman, R., Chang, T., Hong, T., Shackleford, W., and Shneier, M
Learning in a Hierarchical Control System: 4D/RCS
in the DARPA LAGR Program NIST, 2006 * A.S. d'Avila Garcez, Luis C. Lamb &

Dov M. Gabbay Dov M. Gabbay (; born October 23, 1945) is an Israeli logician. He is Augustus De Morgan Professor Emeritus of Logic at the Group of Logic, Language and Computation, Department of Computer Science, King's College London. Work Gabbay has authored ...

Neural-Symbolic Cognitive Reasoning
Cognitive Technologies, Springer (2009). {{ISBN, 978-3-540-73245-7. * International Journal of Hybrid Intelligent Systems http://www.softcomputing.net/ijhis/ * http://www.iospress.nl/html/14485869.php * International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems http://his.hybridsystem.com/ * HIS'01: http://www.softcomputing.net/his01/ * HIS'02: https://web.archive.org/web/20060209160923/http://tamarugo.cec.uchile.cl/~his02/ * HIS'03: http://www.softcomputing.net/his03/ * HIS'04: https://web.archive.org/web/20060303051902/http://www.cs.nmt.edu/~his04/ * HIS'05: https://web.archive.org/web/20051223013031/http://www.ica.ele.puc-rio.br/his05/ * HIS'06 https://web.archive.org/web/20110510025133/http://his-ncei06.kedri.info/ * HIS'7 September 17–19, 2007, Kaiserslautern, Germany, http://www.eit.uni-kl.de/koenig/HIS07_Web/his07main.html * hybrid systems resources: http://www.cogsci.rpi.edu/~rsun/hybrid-resource.html Artificial intelligence

See also

Notes

References