Hybrid intelligent system denotes a software system which employs, in parallel, a combination of methods and techniques from artificial intelligence subfields, such as: * Neuro-symbolic systems *

Neuro-fuzzy In the field of artificial intelligence, neuro-fuzzy refers to combinations of artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic. Overview Neuro-fuzzy hybridization results in a hybrid intelligent system that these two techniques by combining the human ...

systems * Hybrid connectionist-symbolic models * Fuzzy

expert system In artificial intelligence, an expert system is a computer system emulating the decision-making ability of a human expert. Expert systems are designed to solve complex problems by reasoning through bodies of knowledge, represented mainly as if� ...

s * Connectionist expert systems * Evolutionary neural networks *

Genetic fuzzy system {{Evolutionary algorithms In computer science and operations research, Genetic fuzzy systems are fuzzy systems constructed by using genetic algorithms or genetic programming, which mimic the process of natural evolution, to identify its structure a ...

s *

Rough fuzzy hybridization {{No footnotes, date=April 2009 Rough fuzzy hybridization is a method of hybrid intelligent system or soft computing, where Fuzzy set theory is used for linguistic representation of patterns, leading to a ''fuzzy granulation'' of the feature spac ...

Reinforcement learning Reinforcement learning (RL) is an area of machine learning concerned with how intelligent agents ought to take actions in an environment in order to maximize the notion of cumulative reward. Reinforcement learning is one of three basic machine ...

with fuzzy, neural, or evolutionary methods as well as symbolic reasoning methods. From the cognitive science perspective, every natural intelligent system is hybrid because it performs mental operations on both the symbolic and subsymbolic levels. For the past few years, there has been an increasing discussion of the importance of

A.I. Systems Integration {{short description, Aspect of system integration regarding artificial intelligence The core idea of Artificial Intelligence systems integration is making individual software components, such as speech synthesizers, interoperable with other componen ...

. Based on notions that there have already been created simple and specific AI systems (such as systems for

computer vision Computer vision is an Interdisciplinarity, interdisciplinary scientific field that deals with how computers can gain high-level understanding from digital images or videos. From the perspective of engineering, it seeks to understand and automate t ...

speech synthesis Speech synthesis is the artificial production of human speech. A computer system used for this purpose is called a speech synthesizer, and can be implemented in software or hardware products. A text-to-speech (TTS) system converts normal languag ...

, etc., or software that employs some of the models mentioned above) and now is the time for integration to create broad AI systems. Proponents of this approach are researchers such as

Marvin Minsky Marvin Lee Minsky (August 9, 1927 – January 24, 2016) was an American cognitive and computer scientist concerned largely with research of artificial intelligence (AI), co-founder of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's AI laboratory, a ...

, Ron Sun,

Aaron Sloman Aaron Sloman is a philosopher and researcher on artificial intelligence and cognitive science. He held the Chair in Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science at the School of Computer Science at the University of Birmingham, and before that ...

, and

Michael A. Arbib Michael Anthony Arbib (born May 28, 1940) is an American computational neuroscientist. He is an Adjunct Professor of Psychology at the University of California at San Diego and professor emeritus at the University of Southern California; before ...

. An example hybrid is a

hierarchical control system A hierarchical control system (HCS) is a form of control system in which a set of devices and governing software is arranged in a hierarchical tree. When the links in the tree are implemented by a computer network, then that hierarchical control sy ...

in which the lowest, reactive layers are sub-symbolic. The higher layers, having relaxed time constraints, are capable of reasoning from an abstract world model and performing

planning Planning is the process of thinking regarding the activities required to achieve a desired goal. Planning is based on foresight, the fundamental capacity for mental time travel. The evolution of forethought, the capacity to think ahead, is c ...

. Intelligent systems usually rely on hybrid reasoning processes, which include induction, deduction,

abduction Abduction may refer to: Media Film and television * "Abduction" (''The Outer Limits''), a 2001 television episode * " Abduction" (''Death Note'') a Japanese animation television series * " Abductions" (''Totally Spies!''), a 2002 episode of an ...

and reasoning by analogy.

References

* R. Sun & L. Bookman, (eds.), Computational Architectures Integrating Neural and Symbolic Processes. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Needham, MA. 1994. http://www.cogsci.rpi.edu/~rsun/book2-ann.html * S. Wermter and R. Sun, (eds.) Hybrid Neural Systems. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg. 2000. http://www.cogsci.rpi.edu/~rsun/book4-ann.html * R. Sun and F. Alexandre, (eds.) Connectionist-Symbolic Integration. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ. 1997. * Albus, J. S., Bostelman, R., Chang, T., Hong, T., Shackleford, W., and Shneier, M
Learning in a Hierarchical Control System: 4D/RCS
in the

DARPA LAGR Program {{short description, United States government program involved in the development of unmanned ground vehicles The Learning Applied to Ground Vehicles (LAGR) program, which ran from 2004 until 2008, had the goal of accelerating progress in autonomous ...

NIST, 2006 * A.S. d'Avila Garcez, Luis C. Lamb & Dov M. Gabbay
Neural-Symbolic Cognitive Reasoning
Cognitive Technologies, Springer (2009). {{ISBN, 978-3-540-73245-7. * International Journal of Hybrid Intelligent Systems http://www.softcomputing.net/ijhis/ * http://www.iospress.nl/html/14485869.php * International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems http://his.hybridsystem.com/ * HIS'01: http://www.softcomputing.net/his01/ * HIS'02: https://web.archive.org/web/20060209160923/http://tamarugo.cec.uchile.cl/~his02/ * HIS'03: http://www.softcomputing.net/his03/ * HIS'04: https://web.archive.org/web/20060303051902/http://www.cs.nmt.edu/~his04/ * HIS'05: https://web.archive.org/web/20051223013031/http://www.ica.ele.puc-rio.br/his05/ * HIS'06 https://web.archive.org/web/20110510025133/http://his-ncei06.kedri.info/ * HIS'7 September 17–19, 2007, Kaiserslautern, Germany, http://www.eit.uni-kl.de/koenig/HIS07_Web/his07main.html * hybrid systems resources: http://www.cogsci.rpi.edu/~rsun/hybrid-resource.html Artificial intelligence

See also

Notes

References