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Humber ware is a type of
Humber ware is a type of Medieval
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the Post-classical, post-classical period of World history (field), global history. It began with t ...
ceramic
A ceramic is any of the various hard, brittle, heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials made by shaping and then firing an inorganic, nonmetallic material, such as clay, at a high temperature. Common examples are earthenware, porcelain ...
produced in North Yorkshire
North Yorkshire is the largest ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county (lieutenancy area) in England, covering an area of . Around 40% of the county is covered by National parks of the United Kingdom, national parks, including most of ...
, England in the late 13th to early 16th Centuries AD.Jennings, S. 1992. ''Medieval Pottery in the Yorkshire Museum'', York, 27-29.
Production zone
Two of the best known production sites are at West CowickMcCarthy, M.R. and Brooks, C.M. 1988. ''Medieval pottery in Britain AD 900-1600'', Leicester, 242. andHolme-on-Spalding-Moor
Holme-on-Spalding-Moor (also known as Holme-upon-Spalding-Moor) is a large village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated approximately north-east of Howden and south-west of Market Weighton. It lies on the ...
, with some additional evidence for one in or near York
York is a cathedral city with Roman origins, sited at the confluence of the rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. It is the historic county town of Yorkshire. The city has many historic buildings and other structures, such as a ...
as well as a kiln at Kelk
KELK (1240 AM) is a radio station broadcasting an adult contemporary format. Licensed to Elko, Nevada, United States, the station is currently owned by Elko Broadcasting Company and features programming from ABC Radio. The station is also hea ...
.Holdsworth, J. 1978. ''Selected Pottery Groups AD 650–1780'' (Archaeology of York 16/1), York, 14.
Fabric
Humber wares are hard-fired, iron-rich usually red-bodied wares, although often with reduced cores.Mainman, A. and Jenner, A. 2013. ''Medieval Pottery from York'' (Archaeology of York 16/9), York, 1276-1278. They are sparsely tempered with a fine sand, although there are examples of more gritty types.Form and decoration
Forms include jugs of various sizes, cooking pots and (in the later phases of the industry) urinals and bung-hole cisterns.Brooks, C.M. ''Medieval and Later Pottery from Aldwark and Other Sites'' (Archaeology of York 16/3), York, 158-159. Several Humber ware sherds have a white encrusted deposit on the interior surface, which has been found to derive from urine. The glaze is usually olive or brownish green, sometimes forming a brown margin at the edges of the glaze. Decoration is usually limited to bands of horizontal grooving on the shoulders or neck, with occasional patterns of wavy combing, rouletting, or stamping. One of the best known products of the Humber kilns are the small drinking jugs, which replaces wooden bowls used in earlier times.
Industry
The Humber ware tradition last for a long time, from the late 13th to the early 16th Century AD, with a peak of production at some point in the 15th Century AD. Its gradual emergence is paralleled by a fall in popularity of theBrandsby-type ware
Brandsby-type Ware is a type of Medieval ceramic produced in Brandsby, North Yorkshire, England, in the 13th and 14th centuries AD.Jennings, S. 1992. ''Medieval Pottery in the Yorkshire Museum'', York, 18–21.
Production zone
Brandsby- ...
industry. The dating of the end of the industry is not certain; different pottery types such as purple glazed ware and post-medieval red coarse ware seem to develop out of the Humber ware tradition. At the end of the 15th Century AD, the decline in coarse wares for items like cooking vessels may reflect the increased use of metal wares and may be the reason why metal forms were imitated by the potters.Dean, G. 2008. ''Medieval York''. Stroud: History Press, 129.
See also
*History of Yorkshire
Yorkshire is a historic county of England, centred on the county town of York. The region was first occupied after the retreat of the ice age around 8000 BC. During the first millennium AD it was inhabited by celtic Britons and occupied b ...
* Medieval York
*Surrey whiteware
Surrey whiteware or Surrey white ware, is a type of lead-glazed pottery produced in Britain from the 13th to the 16th centuries. The white-fired sandy earthenware was produced largely from kilns in Surrey and along the Surrey-Hampshire border. Su ...
*Border ware
Border ware is a type of post-medieval Great Britain, British pottery commonly used in the South of England, London and then later in the Thirteen Colonies, early American colonies beginning in the sixteenth and ending in the nineteenth century w ...
*List of English medieval pottery
English medieval pottery was produced in Britain from the sixth to the late fifteen centuries AD.
During the sixth to the eighth centuries, pottery was handmade locally and fired in a bonfire. Common pottery fabrics consisted of clay tempered with ...
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Humber ware Ceramics of medieval England England in the High Middle Ages 13th century in England 14th century in England 15th century in England