Hugo Paul Friedrich Schulz (August 6, 1853 – July 13, 1932) was a German

pharmacologist Pharmacology is a branch of medicine, biology and pharmaceutical sciences concerned with drug or medication action, where a drug may be defined as any artificial, natural, or endogenous (from within the body) molecule which exerts a biochemic ...

from

Wesel Wesel () is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is the capital of the Wesel district. Geography Wesel is situated at the confluence of the Lippe River and the Rhine. Division of the city Suburbs of Wesel include Lackhausen, Obrighove ...

Rhenish Prussia The Rhine Province (german: Rheinprovinz), also known as Rhenish Prussia () or synonymous with the Rhineland (), was the westernmost province of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free State of Prussia, within the German Reich, from 1822 to 1946. It ...

Greifswald Bahnhofstraße 51 Tafel Schulz

He studied medicine in the universities of

Heidelberg Heidelberg (; Palatine German language, Palatine German: ''Heidlberg'') is a city in the States of Germany, German state of Baden-Württemberg, situated on the river Neckar in south-west Germany. As of the 2016 census, its population was 159,914 ...

and

Bonn The federal city of Bonn ( lat, Bonna) is a city on the banks of the Rhine in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, with a population of over 300,000. About south-southeast of Cologne, Bonn is in the southernmost part of the Rhine-Ru ...

, where he did scientific work in the physiological institute of Eduard Friedrich Wilhelm Pflüger (1829-1910). In 1877 he earned his doctorate, and afterwards worked in the pharmacological institute of

Karl Binz Karl Binz (1 July 1832 – 11 January 1913) was a German physician and pharmacologist born in Bernkastel. He is known for his investigations on the pharmacological properties and effects of quinine. He studied at the Universities of Würzburg an ...

(1832-1913) at

. In 1883 he was appointed professor of pharmacology at the

University of Greifswald The University of Greifswald (; german: Universität Greifswald), formerly also known as “Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald“, is a public research university located in Greifswald, Germany, in the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pom ...

. Schulz is known for his research of a

phenomenon A phenomenon ( : phenomena) is an observable event. The term came into its modern philosophical usage through Immanuel Kant, who contrasted it with the noumenon, which ''cannot'' be directly observed. Kant was heavily influenced by Gottfried ...

known as

hormesis Hormesis is a characteristic of many biological processes, namely a biphasic or triphasic response to exposure to increasing amounts of a substance or condition. Within the hormetic zone, the biological response to low exposures to toxins and othe ...

, showing that toxins can have the opposite effect in small doses than in large doses. This he demonstrated in experiments using chemical compounds on

yeast Yeasts are eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms classified as members of the fungus kingdom. The first yeast originated hundreds of millions of years ago, and at least 1,500 species are currently recognized. They are estimated to constit ...

cells. From his research came the " Arndt-Schulz rule", a law concerning dosages in

toxicology Toxicology is a scientific discipline, overlapping with biology, chemistry, pharmacology, and medicine, that involves the study of the adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms and the practice of diagnosing and treating e ...

; named along with Dr.

Rudolf Arndt Rudolf Gottfried Arndt (31 March 1835 – 29 January 1900) was a German psychiatrist from Bialken, district of Marienwerder. Biography Arndt studied in Greifswald and Halle. As a student, his instructors included Felix von Niemeyer (182 ...

(1835-1900). Schultz published a number of works in the field of pharmacology, including the well-regarded ''Pharmakotherapie'' (1898), a treatise that was included in Albert Eulenburg's ''Handbuch der allgemeinen Therapie und der therapeutischen Methodik''.The North American journal of homeopathy 1906
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Works

* ''Die officinellen Pflanzen und Pflanzenpräparate : zum Gebrauch für Studirende und Ärzte übersichtlich zusammengestellt'' . Bergmann, Wiesbaden 188
Digital edition
by the University and State Library Düsseldorf

References

''Hugo Paul Friedrich Schulz''
@

Who Named It ''Whonamedit?'' is an online English-language dictionary of medical eponyms and the people associated with their identification. Though it is a dictionary, many eponyms and persons are presented in extensive articles with comprehensive bibliograp ...

1853 births 1932 deaths 19th-century German chemists German pharmacologists People from Wesel People from the Rhine Province Heidelberg University alumni University of Bonn alumni Academic staff of the University of Greifswald 20th-century German chemists {{Germany-chemist-stub