Howard Wilcox Haggard (July 19, 1891 - April 22, 1959) was an American

physician A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through th ...

physiologist Physiology (; ) is the scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living system. As a sub-discipline of biology, physiology focuses on how organisms, organ systems, individual organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out the chemical a ...

and writer.

Career

Haggard was born in

La Porte, Indiana La Porte (French for "The Door") is a city in LaPorte County, Indiana, United States, of which it is the county seat. Its population was estimated to be 21,341 in 2022. It is one of the two principal cities of the Michigan City-La Porte, India ...

. He received his

B.S. A Bachelor of Science (BS, BSc, SB, or ScB; from the Latin ') is a bachelor's degree awarded for programs that generally last three to five years. The first university to admit a student to the degree of Bachelor of Science was the University of ...

(1914) and

M.D. Doctor of Medicine (abbreviated M.D., from the Latin ''Medicinae Doctor'') is a medical degree, the meaning of which varies between different jurisdictions. In the United States, and some other countries, the M.D. denotes a professional degree. T ...

(1917) from

Yale University Yale University is a private research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Established in 1701 as the Collegiate School, it is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and among the most prestigious in the wo ...

.Blocker, Jack S; Fahey, David M; Tyrrell, Ian R. (2003). ''Alcohol and Temperance in Modern History: An International Encyclopedia, Volume 1''. ABC-CLIO. p. 285. In 1917 he worked as a physiologist for the United States Bureau of Mines. During

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

he was a captain in the

Chemical Warfare Service The Chemical Corps is the branch of the United States Army tasked with defending against chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) weapons. The Chemical Warfare Service was established on 28 June 1918, combining activities that until ...

in the United States Army. At Yale University, he conducted research into cardiorespiratory physiology and with

Yandell Henderson Yandell Henderson (April 23, 1873 – February 18, 1944) was an American physiologist. West, John B. (1988"Yandell Henderson"in ''Biographical Memoirs'' Vol. 74. American Academies Press

invented the H and H inhalator. Haggard was director of the Laboratory of Applied Physiology at Yale University from 1926–1956. Haggard was involved in pioneering research into the causes and treatment of

alcoholism Alcoholism is, broadly, any drinking of alcohol (drug), alcohol that results in significant Mental health, mental or physical health problems. Because there is disagreement on the definition of the word ''alcoholism'', it is not a recognize ...

. He was an editor for the ''

Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol The ''Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs'' (JSAD) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes original research articles on various aspects of the use and misuse of alcohol and other drugs. Topics covered include the biological, medi ...

''. He died in

Fort Lauderdale, Florida Fort Lauderdale () is a coastal city located in the U.S. state of Florida, north of Miami along the Atlantic Ocean. It is the county seat of and largest city in Broward County with a population of 182,760 at the 2020 census, making it the tenth ...

. He was an author of books on the

history of medicine The history of medicine is both a study of medicine throughout history as well as a multidisciplinary field of study that seeks to explore and understand medical practices, both past and present, throughout human societies. More than just histo ...

which received positive reviews. He was critical of

Christian Science Christian Science is a set of beliefs and practices associated with members of the Church of Christ, Scientist. Adherents are commonly known as Christian Scientists or students of Christian Science, and the church is sometimes informally know ...

and

faith healing Faith healing is the practice of prayer and gestures (such as laying on of hands) that are believed by some to elicit divine intervention in spiritual and physical healing, especially the Christian practice. Believers assert that the healing ...

Publications

''Devils, Drugs, and Doctors''
(1913, 1929)
''The Lame, the Halt, and the Blind: The Vital Role of Medicine in the History of Civilization''
(1932)
''Mystery, Magic and Medicine: The Rise of Medicine from Superstition to Science''
(1933) *''The Doctor In History'' (1934)"The Doctor In History"
Kirkus Reviews. *''Diet and Physical Efficiency'' (1935) ith Leon A. Greenberg*''Man and His Body'' (1938)
''The Science of Health and Disease: A Textbook of Physiology and Hygiene''
(1938)
''Alcohol Explored''
(1942) ith E. Morton Jellinek">E._Morton_Jellinek.html" ;"title="ith E. Morton Jellinek">ith E. Morton Jellinek

References

1891 births 1959 deaths 20th-century American physicians American medical writers American physiologists American skeptics American critics of alternative medicine Critics of Christian Science Researchers in alcohol abuse Yale University alumni {{US-physician-stub