![Balliol arms](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Balliol_arms.svg)
The House of Balliol (de Bailleul) was a
noble
A noble is a member of the nobility.
Noble may also refer to:
Places Antarctica
* Noble Glacier, King George Island
* Noble Nunatak, Marie Byrd Land
* Noble Peak, Wiencke Island
* Noble Rocks, Graham Land
Australia
* Noble Island, Great B ...
family originating from the village of
Bailleul in
Picardy
Picardy (; Picard and french: Picardie, , ) is a historical territory and a former administrative region of France. Since 1 January 2016, it has been part of the new region of Hauts-de-France. It is located in the northern part of France.
Hi ...
. They held estates in England, granted during the reign of King
William Rufus
William II ( xno, Williame; – 2 August 1100) was King of England from 26 September 1087 until his death in 1100, with powers over Normandy and influence in Scotland. He was less successful in extending control into Wales. The third so ...
. Through marriage, they had
claims to the Throne of Scotland. One member of the family,
John Balliol
John Balliol ( – late 1314), known derisively as ''Toom Tabard'' (meaning "empty coat" – coat of arms), was King of Scots from 1292 to 1296. Little is known of his early life. After the death of Margaret, Maid of Norway, Scotland entered an ...
, was named King of Scotland after the disputed succession following extinction of the
Dunkeld line. John was deposed, leading to the
First War of Scottish Independence
The First War of Scottish Independence was the first of a series of wars between English and Scottish forces. It lasted from the English invasion of Scotland in 1296 until the ''de jure'' restoration of Scottish independence with the Treaty o ...
. His son,
Edward Balliol
Edward Balliol (; 1283 – January 1364) was a claimant to the Scottish throne during the Second War of Scottish Independence. With English help, he ruled parts of the kingdom from 1332 to 1356.
Early life
Edward was the eldest son of John Ba ...
, also briefly controlled the Scottish throne during the
Second War of Scottish Independence
The Second War of Scottish Independence broke out in 1332 when Edward Balliol led an English-backed invasion of Scotland. Balliol, the son of a former Scottish king, was attempting to make good his claim to the Scottish throne. He was opposed b ...
. Edward had no issue, and the direct line went extinct with him.
List of heads of the Balliol estates
*
Guy I de Balliol
Guy I de Balliol was a Picardy, Picard baron who was granted land in northern England in the late eleventh century. In the 1090s, he was established in the north of England by King William Rufus, as part of King William's carve-up of the forfeited ...
(died before 1130 × 1133), established lordship in northern England in 1090s
*
Bernard I de Balliol
Bernard I de Balliol (died 1154 x 1162), the second-known-ruling Balliol of his line, was a twelfth-century Anglo- Picard baron based for much of his time in the north of England, as well as at Bailleul-en-Vimeu close to Abbeville in northern Fra ...
(died 1154 x 1162), nephew of Guy
*
Guy II de Balliol
Guy II de Balliol (died early 1160s x 1167) was probably the second-eldest son of Bernard I de Balliol, Lord of Balliol and Barnard Castle
Barnard Castle (, ) is a market town on the north bank of the River Tees, in County Durham, Northern En ...
(died early 1160s x 1167), son of Bernard
*
Bernard II de Balliol (died c. 1190), brother of above
*
Eustace de Balliol
Eustace de Balliol (or Eustace de Helicourt) (died c. 1209) was the cousin and successor of Bernard II de Balliol, lord of Balliol and Barnard Castle. He was the lord of Château de Hélicourt, Hélicourt in Picardy, an estate near the chief seat ...
(died c. 1209), cousin of above
*
Hugh de Balliol
Hugh de Balliol (died 1229), Lord of Bywell, Barnard Castle and Gainford, was an English nobleman. He was the son of Eustace de Balliol and Petronilla FitzPiers. Balliol was a supporter of King John of England during the Barons Wars of 1215–1 ...
(died 1229), son of above
*
John I de Balliol
John de Balliol (before 1208 – 25 October 1268) was an English nobleman, belonging to the House of Balliol. Balliol College, in Oxford, is named after him.
Life
John de Balliol was born before 1208 to Cecily de Fontaines, daughter of Aléau ...
(died 1268), son of above, the founder of
Balliol College
Balliol College () is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. One of Oxford's oldest colleges, it was founded around 1263 by John I de Balliol, a landowner from Barnard Castle in County Durham, who provided the f ...
*
John II de Balliol
John Balliol ( – late 1314), known derisively as ''Toom Tabard'' (meaning "empty coat" – coat of arms), was King of Scots from 1292 to 1296. Little is known of his early life. After the death of Margaret, Maid of Norway, Scotland entered an ...
(died 1314), son of above, reigned as King of Scotland from 1292 to 1296, as a descendent
David I of Scotland
David I or Dauíd mac Maíl Choluim (Modern: ''Daibhidh I mac haoilChaluim''; – 24 May 1153) was a 12th-century ruler who was Prince of the Cumbrians from 1113 to 1124 and later King of Scotland from 1124 to 1153. The youngest son of Malcolm ...
of the
House of Dunkeld
The House of Dunkeld (in or "of the Caledonians") is a historiographical and genealogical construct to illustrate the clear succession of Scottish kings from 1034 to 1040 and from 1058 to 1286. The line is also variously referred to by historians ...
.
*
Edward de Balliol (died 1364), eldest son of John; from 1332 to 1356 he was a pretender to the Scottish throne with the support of the England, in opposition to
David II of Scotland
David II (5 March 1324 – 22 February 1371) was King of Scots from 1329 until his death in 1371. Upon the death of his father, Robert the Bruce, David succeeded to the throne at the age of five, and was crowned at Scone in November 1331, becom ...
.
The last two on the list both had English support for their claims but both were deposed. Edward died without issue, but the Balliol descent continued through his cousin Christine de Lindsay (granddaughter of John I), who married
Enguerrand V, Lord of Coucy
Enguerrand V, Lord of Coucy (-after 1321) inherited the title of Lord of Coucy and castle from his maternal uncle, Enguerrand IV in 1311. He was also lord of Oisy and Montmirail.
Biography
Enguerrand was the second son of Arnould III, Count ...
, to the lords of
Coucy and ultimately the
Bourbon Bourbon may refer to:
Food and drink
* Bourbon whiskey, an American whiskey made using a corn-based mash
* Bourbon barrel aged beer, a type of beer aged in bourbon barrels
* Bourbon biscuit, a chocolate sandwich biscuit
* A beer produced by Bras ...
kings of France and Spain.
See also
*
List of British monarchs
There have been 13 British monarchs since the political union of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland on 1 May 1707. England and Scotland had been in personal union since 24 March 1603. On 1 January 1801, the Kingdom of Great Brita ...
*
Scottish monarchs family tree This is a family tree for the kings of Scotland, since the unification under the House of Alpin in 834, to the personal union with England in 1603 under James VI of Scotland. It includes also the Houses of Dunkeld, Balliol, Bruce, and Stewart.
...
*
Château de Bailleul, the former family seat in France
*
Scott (surname) Scott is a surname of Scottish origin.A Dictionary of English Surnames By Percy Hide Reaney, Richard It is first attributed to ''Uchtredus filius Scoti'' who is mentioned in the charter recording the foundation of Holyrood Abbey and Selkirk in 11 ...
References
* Stell, G. P., "Balliol, Bernard de (d. 1154x62)", ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, 200
, accessed 24 Jan 2008* Stell, G. P., "Balliol, Bernard de (d. c.1190)", ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, 200
, accessed 24 Jan 2008* Stell, G. P., "Balliol , John de (b. before 1208, d. 1268)", ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, 200
, accessed 24 Jan 2008
People from Picardy
Balliol
Balliol
Scoto-Normans
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