Hossein Beg Laleh Shamlu was a Qizilbash officer of Turkoman origin,{{sfn, Roemer, 1986, p=358 who occupied high offices under the

Safavid Safavid Iran or Safavid Persia (), also referred to as the Safavid Empire, '. was one of the greatest Iranian empires after the 7th-century Muslim conquest of Persia, which was ruled from 1501 to 1736 by the Safavid dynasty. It is often conside ...

king Ismail I (r. 1501–1524) and was the first person to serve as the '' vakil'' ( vicegerent) of the empire.

Biography

Hossein belonged to the Shamlu tribe, one of the seven Turkoman tribes of the Qizilbash, a Shia militant group, which supported the young Safaviyya leader Ismail I, who had taken refuge in Gilan to avoid the

Aq Qoyunlu The Aq Qoyunlu ( az, Ağqoyunlular , ) was a culturally Persianate,Kaushik Roy, ''Military Transition in Early Modern Asia, 1400–1750'', (Bloomsbury, 2014), 38; "Post-Mongol Persia and Iraq were ruled by two tribal confederations: Akkoyunlu (Wh ...

, a Turkic tribal federation which controlled most of Iran. During Ismail's stay in Gilan, Hossein Beg served as his guardian and mentor.{{sfn, Savory, 1998, pp=628-636 In 1500, Ismail came out of hiding and with the aid of the Qizilbash, invaded Shirvan, killing its ruler Farrukh Yassar. In 1501, all of Shirvan, Arran and Azerbaijan was under the control of Ismail, who laid foundation to the Safavid dynasty. He then appointed Hossein Beg as the vakil of the empire and the commander-in-chief ('' amir al-umara'') of the Qizilbash army.{{sfn, Bosworth, Savory, 1989, pp=969-971{{sfn, Savory, 2007, p=36 By 1504, all of present-day Iran was under the control of Ismail. In 1507, Hossein Beg campaigned in western Iran, where he was ambushed by a group of Kurds and as a result lost 300 men.{{sfn, Savory, 2007, p=37 During the same year, Ismail appointed the Iranian

Mir Najm Zargar Gilani Mir Najm Zargar Gilani ( fa, میر نجم زرگر گیلانی), also known as Shaykh Najm al-Din Zargar Rashti, was an Iranian aristocrat of Gilaki origin, who was the second person to serve as the ''vakil'' (vicegerent) of the Safavid Empire. ...

as the new ''vakil''. One year later, an Safavid army under Hossein Beg and Ismail captured Baghdad.{{sfn, Savory, 2007, p=37 In 1509/10, Hossein Beg lost his office as commander-in-chief in favor to a man of humble origins, Muhammad Beg Ustajlu.{{sfn, Savory, 2007, p=50 In 1512, Hossein Beg, along with the rest of the Qizilbash commanders, betrayed the Safavid vakil Najm-e Sani and left him to die at the Battle of Ghazdewan.{{sfn, Newman, 2008, p=20 Hossein Beg later took part in the Ismail's war against the

Ottomans The Ottoman Turks ( tr, Osmanlı Türkleri), were the Turkic founding and sociopolitically the most dominant ethnic group of the Ottoman Empire ( 1299/1302–1922). Reliable information about the early history of Ottoman Turks remains scarce, ...

, but was killed at the Battle of Chaldiran in 1514.{{sfn, Savory, 2007, p=42

References

{{reflist, 2

Sources

{{refbegin, 2 * {{cite encyclopedia , article = ESMĀʿĪL I ṢAFAWĪ , last = Savory , first = Roger , url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/esmail-i-safawi , editor-last = , editor-first = , editor-link = , encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. VIII, Fasc. 6 , pages = 628–636 , location = , publisher = , year = 1998 , isbn = * {{cite encyclopedia , article = NAJM-E ṮĀNI , last = Mazzaoui , first = Michel M. , url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/najm-e-ani , editor-last = , editor-first = , editor-link = , encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica , pages = , location = , publisher = , year = 2002 , isbn = * {{cite book , title = Safavid Iran: Rebirth of a Persian Empire , year = 2008 , publisher = I.B.Tauris , location = , editor-last = , editor-first = , last = Newman , first = Andrew J. , chapter = , pages = 1–281 , isbn = 9780857716613 , url = https://books.google.com/books?id=KPgBAwAAQBAJ&q=false * {{cite book , title = Iran under the Safavids , year = 2007 , publisher = Cambridge University Press , location = , editor-last = , editor-first = , last = Savory , first = Roger , author-link = Roger Savory , chapter = , pages = 1–288 , isbn = 978-0521042512 , url = https://books.google.com/books?id=v4Yr4foWFFgC&q=false * {{cite encyclopedia , last1 = Bosworth , first1 = C.E. , last2 = Savory , first2 = R.M. , article = AMĪR-AL-OMARĀʾ , encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 9 , pages = 969–971 , year = 1989 , url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/amir-al-omara , access-date = 28 December 2014 * {{cite book , title = The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5: The Timurid and Safavid periods , year = 1986 , publisher = Cambridge University Press , location = Cambridge , editor-last = , editor-first =, last = Roemer , first = H.R. , chapter = The Safavid period , pages = 189–351 , isbn = 9780521200943 , url = https://books.google.com/books?id=LZ0-2BIR8BQC&q=The+Cambridge+History+of+Iran+safavid {{refend, 2 {{S-start {{S-new, Office {{S-ttl, title=Vakil of the

Safavid Empire Safavid Iran or Safavid Persia (), also referred to as the Safavid Empire, '. was one of the greatest Iranian empires after the 7th-century Muslim conquest of Persia, which was ruled from 1501 to 1736 by the Safavid dynasty. It is often conside ...

, years=1501-1507 {{S-aft, after=

{{s-end {{DEFAULTSORT:Hossein Beg Shamlu Military personnel killed in action Iranian Turkmen people Shamlu 1514 deaths 15th-century births Vakils of Safavid Iran Commanders-in-chief of Safavid Iran 16th-century people of Safavid Iran Safavid governors of Azerbaijan