Hoshizuka Keiaien Sanatorium, (National Sanatorium Hoshizuka Keiaien) is a sanatorium for

leprosy Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease (HD), is a long-term infection by the bacteria ''Mycobacterium leprae'' or ''Mycobacterium lepromatosis''. Infection can lead to damage of the nerves, respiratory tract, skin, and eyes. This nerve damag ...

patients or ex-leprosy patients in

Kanoya is a city in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. It is located in the southeastern Kyushu region in the central part of Ōsumi Peninsula. Kanoya is the most populous city in Japan without any connection to railway services, after the abolition of the ...

-shi,

kagoshima , abbreviated to , is the capital city of Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. Located at the southwestern tip of the island of Kyushu, Kagoshima is the largest city in the prefecture by some margin. It has been nicknamed the "Naples of the Eastern wor ...

-ken,

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...

which was established in 1935.

History

Background

Following the establishment of prefectural sanatoriums, the Japanese government decided to increase sanatoriums, first with National Sanatorium Nagashoma Airakuen in 1930. Hoshizuka Keiaien was the 4th sanatorium which was established in 1935. Unlike other areas, resistance to the establishment of this sanatorium was small.

Hoshizuka Keiaien

*Oct 28, 1935: The opening ceremony was held. The first director was Fumio Hayashi. *Feb 1944: The 2nd director was Einosuke Shionuma. *Mar 18, Jun 8, Aug 12, 1945: Air raids with 6 patients killed. *Apr 1996: The 1953 Leprosy Prevention Law was abolished. *Jul 1998: The trial for compensation started. *May 11, 2001: The trial for compensation ruled that the previous Leprosy Prevention was unconstitutional. *May 25, 2001: The trial for compensation was confirmed. The compensation of 8,000,000 yen to 14,000,000 yen was given to patients depending on the duration of unconstitutional periods.

Number of Patients on March 31 next year

The number of in-patients is the sum of patients which changed not only by the newly diagnosed hospitalized and those who died among in-patients, by other factors such as the number of patients who escaped or were discharged, depending on the condition of the times. Recently they were encouraged to be discharged, but the long period of the segregation policy causing leprosy stigma might influence the number of those who went into the society.

Promin worked

It was at the congress of the Japanese Leprosy Association held in the Keiaien Sanatorium on November 2 and 3, 1947 that the effects of

promin Promin, or sodium glucosulfone is a sulfone drug that was investigated for the treatment of malaria, tuberculosis and leprosy. It is broken down in the body to dapsone, which is the therapeutic form. History The first synthesis of Promin is some ...

were first reported. At first it did not attract attention since cepharanthin, a new drug for leprosy which had been tested earlier proved disappointing. Promin use started in November 1948, and the effects of promin were amazing. "Give us promin" movement began. The first patient cleared with promin was discharged in April, 1953. *"Rai-iete, En-wo Sariyuru Wakamono o Gaku-narashitsutu Warera Miokuru." **(A young man is leaving our sanatorium, cleared of leprosy, we see him go off, with delightfully played march) This was one of the tanka poems recited before the Emperor and Empress of Japan next January.

Scabies

Leprosy in earlier days has been associated with scabies, and this has been pointed out by

Kensuke Mitsuda was a Japanese leprologist and director of the Tama Zenshoen Sanatorium (1914–1931) and the National Sanatorium Nagashima Aiseien (1931–1957). He had been at the frontier of leprosy policy of Japan. He was given the Order of Cultural Merits (1 ...

. There were many cases of scabies.Namonaki Hoshi Tachiyo(1985) p.266 *1935: 83cases *1937: 195 cases *1938: 3146 cases *1939: 5298 cases *1940: 7950 cases *1945: too many *1946: 12017 *1952: No record

Vasectomy

*Vasectomy was started by

in 1915. Leprosy usually worsens in women during pregnancy and delivery. Married patients usually could not bring up babies, and children born of leprosy patients could be stigmatized in the future. However, the real reason was to exterminate leprosy patients. There were 334 cases of vasectomy between 1936 and 1971 in the Keiaien Sanatorium. *There were 45 cases of interrupted pregnancy between 1950 and 1959.

Notes

External links

Hoshizuka Keiaien Sanatorium
in Japanese {{Coord, 31, 20, 32, N, 130, 51, 31, E, region:JP_source:kolossus-jawiki, display=title Hospital buildings completed in 1935 Hospitals in Japan Leper hospitals Buildings and structures in Kagoshima Prefecture Leprosy in Japan Hospitals established in 1935