Restrictions
Typical restrictions include: *the "Odd-even rationing, odd/even" system, whereby odd-numbered addresses water on odd-numbered dates, and even-numbered ones on even-numbered dates *water use may be restricted to specific days of the week *water use may be prohibited in the afternoon, when much of the spray (liquid drop), spray is lost to evaporation. The use of drip irrigation systems may or may not be exempt from the restrictions, or be less restricted than normal irrigation sprinkler, water sprinklers. Businesses that use water as a critical part of their operations are usually not exempt. This includes carwash, car washes, plant nurseries, and other landscaping companies. A typical restriction on a car wash would be to recycle the water. Abuse of restrictions usually brings a warning at first, then a Fine (penalty), fine, and can lead to limiting or cutting off the water to the home or business. Enforcement is generally by the local water authority or even from police.Non-potable water usage
Using Indigenous (ecology), native vegetation, such as xeriscaping in desert locations, avoids having to water in the first place. Using greywater or stored runoff (water), runoff from a roof Rain gutter, gutter downspout is also an alternative for trees and shrubs, but not for large expanses of grass, which would be difficult to cover. Australian researchers have concluded that there is little evidence for spreading of disease through greywater used in landscaping and that greywater should be applied below the soil surface and not directly on top.Countries
Australia
Water restrictions are in place in many regions and cities of Australia in response to chronic shortages resulting from drought. Depending upon the location, these can include restrictions on watering lawns, using sprinkler systems, washing vehicles, hosing in paved areas and refilling swimming pools, among others. Water restrictions in Australia are enforced by fines and for repeat offenders by reducing water supply.United Kingdom
A ''hosepipe ban'' is a British English, British term for a water restriction placed on the customers of a water industry, water company to prevent them from using garden hoses, particularly for watering their gardens. The provider sometimes states that their customers are not allowed to use a irrigation sprinkler, sprinkler or unattended hosepipe for a few days (or longer), but commonly, a total ban is enacted. Bans are usually in England and South Wales, rarely in Scotland because of the damper climate. Commercial customers are usually exempt to prevent loss of earnings or other such problems. The water industry usually places such restrictions on their customers during droughts or when the reservoir (water), reservoirs supplying the water are becoming empty. Previously, contravening a temporary water restriction is a criminal offence in the United Kingdom under the Water Industry Act 1991 (though the first prosecution for "wasteful use of water" was in 1921 and resulted in a fine of 20 shillings). Although offenders are usually warned, they are liable upon conviction to a fine not exceeding £1,000 under the terms of the Act. Currently the law on hosepipe bans is contained in section 36 of the Flood and Water Management Act 2010, which replaced the previous law which was contained in section 76 of the Water Industry Act 1991. Previously, under the Water Industry Act 1991, hosepipe bans could only prohibit the watering of private gardens and/or the washing of private motor cars. The Flood and Water Management Act 2010 has extended considerably the sort of activities that can be prohibited. In August 2022, hosepipe bans were introduced during the 2022 European drought, widespread drought.Notes
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*O’Connor, G. A., and H. A. Elliott, and R. K. Bastian. "Degraded Water Reuse: An Overview". Journal of Environmental Quality 37 (2008): A157-S168 *Thompson, William J. "Reuse Greywater". Sustainable Landscape Construction: A Guide to Green Building Outdoors. Washington: Island Press, 2008External links