Horní Planá (; german: Oberplan) is a town in

Český Krumlov District Český Krumlov District ( cs, okres Český Krumlov) is a district ('' okres'') within South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. Its capital is Český Krumlov. The area was the hereditary home of the Rosenberg (Rožmberk) family, Lords of Kr ...

in the

South Bohemian Region The South Bohemian Region ( cs, Jihočeský kraj; , ) is an administrative unit (''kraj'') of the Czech Republic, located mostly in the southern part of its historical land of Bohemia, with a small part in southwestern Moravia. The western part ...

of the

Czech Republic The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The ...

. It has about 2,000 inhabitants.

Administrative parts

Villages of Bližší Lhota, Hodňov, Hory, Hůrka, Olšina, Pernek and Žlábek are administrative parts of Horní Planá.

Geography

Horní Planá lies about southwest of

Český Krumlov Český Krumlov (; german: Krumau, , or ''Böhmisch Krumau'') is a town in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. The historic centre with the Český Krumlov Castle complex is protected by law as an urban monument reservation, and sin ...

and southwest of

České Budějovice České Budějovice (; german: Budweis ) is a city in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 93,000 inhabitants. It is located in the valley of the Vltava River, at its confluence with the Malše. České Budějovice is t ...

. It lies on the border with

Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...

. Horní Planá is situated in the

Bohemian Forest The Bohemian Forest, known in Czech as Šumava () and in German as Böhmerwald, is a low mountain range in Central Europe. Geographically, the mountains extend from Plzeň Region and South Bohemia in the Czech Republic to Austria and Bavaria in ...

on the southeastern rim of the

Šumava National Park The Šumava National Park ( cs, Národní park Šumava, usually shortened as NP Šumava), or Bohemian Forest National Park, is a national park in the South Bohemian regions of the Czech Republic along the border with Germany (where the smaller ad ...

, in the Šumava Protected Landscape Area. The highest point of Horní Planá and of the entire Český Krumlov District is a point on the top of the mountain Smrčina with an altitude of . Horní Planá is located on the northern shore of the

Lipno Reservoir The Lipno Reservoir ( cs, přehrada Lipno) is a dam and hydroelectric plant constructed along the Vltava River in the Czech Republic. It is the largest water area in the Czech Republic. History Due to frequent flooding and subsequent damage, the ...

, south of the Boletice Military Training Area. Tajvan, the largest island of the reservoir, is located in the territory. Beyond the Lipno Reservoir, a densely forested area with several abandoned villages stretches up to the

Vltava Vltava ( , ; german: Moldau ) is the longest river in the Czech Republic, running southeast along the Bohemian Forest and then north across Bohemia, through Český Krumlov, České Budějovice and Prague, and finally merging with the Labe at M ...

Danube The Danube ( ; ) is a river that was once a long-standing frontier of the Roman Empire and today connects 10 European countries, running through their territories or being a border. Originating in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for , pa ...

drainage divide (part of the main European Watershed).

History

Horní Planá was founded by monks from the

Zlatá Koruna Zlatá Koruna (german: Goldenkron) is a municipality and village in Český Krumlov District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 800 inhabitants. Zlatá Koruna lies approximately north-east of Český Krumlov, south- ...

Monastery in the first half of the 14th century. In 1349, it was promoted to a

market town A market town is a settlement most common in Europe that obtained by custom or royal charter, in the Middle Ages, a market right, which allowed it to host a regular market; this distinguished it from a village or city. In Britain, small rural ...

by King Charles IV. During the

Hussite Wars The Hussite Wars, also called the Bohemian Wars or the Hussite Revolution, were a series of civil wars fought between the Hussites and the combined Catholic forces of Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund, the Papacy, European monarchs loyal to the Cat ...

in 1420, it was incorporated into the

estate, then held by the

Rosenberg family The House of Rosenberg ( cs, Rožmberkové, sg. ''z Rožmberka'') was a prominent Bohemian noble family that played an important role in Czech medieval history from the 13th century until 1611. Members of this family held posts at the Pragu ...

. The Rosenbergs insignia were adopted in the town's coat of arms. The good location on the trade route from

Bohemia Bohemia ( ; cs, Čechy ; ; hsb, Čěska; szl, Czechy) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech Republic. Bohemia can also refer to a wider area consisting of the historical Lands of the Bohemian Crown ruled by the Bohem ...

and later the construction of the Schwarzenberg Canal and the railway had a significant influence on the town's development. Horní Planá was originally known under its German names ''Plan'' and ''Plana'', and from 1653 ''Oberplan'' and ''Ober Plan''. Since 1921, the town has its Czech name Horní Planá. Until 1945 the local population predominantly consisted of

Sudeten Germans German Bohemians (german: Deutschböhmen und Deutschmährer, i.e. German Bohemians and German Moravians), later known as Sudeten Germans, were ethnic Germans living in the Czech lands of the Bohemian Crown, which later became an integral part ...

. In 1930, they made 98% of the population. In 1938, the town was annexed by

Nazi Germany Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...

upon the 1938

Munich Agreement The Munich Agreement ( cs, Mnichovská dohoda; sk, Mníchovská dohoda; german: Münchner Abkommen) was an agreement concluded at Munich on 30 September 1938, by Nazi Germany, Germany, the United Kingdom, French Third Republic, France, and Fa ...

and incorporated into the ''

Reichsgau Oberdonau The Reichsgau Upper Danube (German: ''Reichsgau Oberdonau'') was an administrative division of Nazi Germany, created after the Anschluss (annexation of Austria) in 1938 and dissolved in 1945. It consisted of what is today Upper Austria, parts of So ...

''. After

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

, it was restored to

Czechoslovakia , rue, Чеськословеньско, , yi, טשעכאסלאוואקיי, , common_name = Czechoslovakia , life_span = 1918–19391945–1992 , p1 = Austria-Hungary , image_p1 ...

, while the remaining German population was expelled.

Demographics

Transport

There is the ''Zadní Zvonková/ Schöneben'' road border crossing.

Sights

The main landmark is the Church of Saint Margaret the Virgin. Its existence is first documented in 1374. It was later rebuilt in Neo-Gothic style and has preserved Renaissance murals from 1530–1580. The birth house of

Adalbert Stifter Adalbert Stifter (; 23 October 1805 – 28 January 1868) was an Austrian writer, poet, painter, and pedagogue. He was notable for the vivid natural landscapes depicted in his writing and has long been popular in the German-speaking world, while ...

houses today a museum dedicated to his life and work. There is also a park named after Stifter with his monument. On the town square there is the Neo-Baroque town hall from 1896.

Notable people

Adolf Martin Pleischl Adolf Martin Pleischl (born 10 October 1787, in Hossenreith, Bohemia; died 31 July 1867, in Dorf an der Enns) was a chemist and medical doctor. In 1815 he obtained his medical doctorate from the University of Prague, where he later served as a ...

(1787–1867), chemist and medical doctor *

(1805–1868), writer, poet and painter *

Leopold Wackarž Leopold Anton Wackarž Ocist. (1810–1901) was the 40th Abbot of Vyšší Brod Monastery (1857–1901) and the 37th Abbot general of the Cistercian Order The Cistercians, () officially the Order of Cistercians ( la, (Sacer) Ordo Cistercien ...

(1810–1901), Cistercian abbot general

Twin towns – sister cities

Horní Planá is twinned with: *

Ulrichsberg Ulrichsberg is a municipality in the district of Rohrbach in the Austrian state of Upper Austria. Geography Ulrichsberg lies in Mühlviertel in Upper Austria near the Bohemian Forest and along the ''Große Mühl'' river (north of the Danube). ...

, Austria

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Horni Plana Cities and towns in the Czech Republic Populated places in Český Krumlov District Bohemian Forest