Horns Rev is an
offshore wind farm
Offshore wind power or offshore wind energy is the generation of electricity through wind farms in bodies of water, usually at sea. There are higher wind speeds offshore than on land, so offshore farms generate more electricity per amount of c ...
in
Danish
Danish may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to the country of Denmark
People
* A national or citizen of Denmark, also called a "Dane," see Demographics of Denmark
* Culture of Denmark
* Danish people or Danes, people with a Danish a ...
waters in the
North Sea
The North Sea lies between Great Britain, Norway, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. An epeiric sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the Atlantic Ocean through the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian S ...
.
The wind farm was built in three phases, the first coming online in 2002, the second in 2009 and the third in 2019.
Horns Rev 1, the first phase, was the first large-scale offshore wind farm in the world, with a capacity of 160 MW.
[Horns Revolution](_blank)
, Modern Power Systems 5 October 2002. Retrieved 11 March 2010.
Horns Rev 1
![Map of the offshore wind power farms in the German Bight](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Map_of_the_offshore_wind_power_farms_in_the_German_Bight.png)
Horns Rev 1, built by Danish energy company Elsam (later DONG, now
Ørsted) was the first large-scale offshore wind farm in the world. Its capacity of 160 MW was four times that of the previous largest, the
Middelgrunden at 40 MW.
[Morgan, Colin]
Offshore Wind - State of the Art
page 24 '' Garrad Hassan'', 20 October 2004. Retrieved: 19 November 2010.[Larsen, Jens H]
The World´s largest off-shore windfarm, Middelgrunden 40MW
''Copenhagen Environment and Energy Office (CEEO)'', 2001. Retrieved: 19 November 2010.
It was the first offshore wind farm in the North Sea, the first to use the monopile foundation type and the first to have its transformer on an adjacent platform rather than onshore. Technologies used for the first time at Horns Rev 1 have since become industry standard.
The farm has 80
Vestas
Vestas Wind Systems A/S is a Danish manufacturer, seller, installer, and servicer of wind turbines that was founded in 1945. The company operates manufacturing plants in Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Taiwan, India, Italy, Romania, the Uni ...
V80 wind turbines, each generating 2.0 MW. They were installed by the Danish offshore wind farm services provider
A2SEA
A2SEA was an offshore wind farm installation and services company based in Fredericia, Denmark. The company specializes in transport, installation, and servicing of offshore wind farms.
In addition to Denmark, the company has subsidiaries in th ...
in 2002, the last turbine coming into operation on 11 December 2002. A guaranteed price of 0.453 DKK/kWh was agreed for the first 42,000 hours of generation.
In 2005, 60% of the wind farm was sold to
Vattenfall
Vattenfall is a Swedish multinational power company owned by the Swedish State. Beyond Sweden, the company generates power in Denmark, Finland, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom.
The company's name is Swedish for "waterfall", and ...
, also the operator of the park, for DKK2bn.
The turbines are laid out in an oblique 8 by 10 grid over an area of 5 km × 3.8 km, with 560 m between turbines in both directions. A radar measures details of the wind patterns, improving local short-term forecasting.
The main method of transport to the first wind park is an adapted
Eurocopter EC-135
The Eurocopter EC135 (now Airbus Helicopters H135) is a twin-engine civil light utility helicopter produced by Airbus Helicopters (formerly known as Eurocopter). It is capable of flight under instrument flight rules (IFR) and is outfitted with ...
helicopter,
used to hoist workers to and from a small platform on each turbine. Sea conditions render the area inaccessible to boats for large parts of the year.
The farm has an availability of 96–97%. Two turbines are burnt out, and uneconomic to replace with less than 10 years left.
[ Grout between monopile and tower was damaged by vibrations, requiring a costly fix.
]
Horns Rev 2
In May 2008, Dong Energy began construction of the second wind farm in the Horns Rev area, Horns Rev 2. Construction was completed in September 2009 and was inaugurated on September 17, 2009 by Prince Frederik on the Poseidon accommodation platform.
When inaugurated, Horns Rev 2 was the largest offshore wind farm in the world until Thanet Wind Farm
The Thanet Wind Farm (also sometimes called Thanet Offshore Wind Farm) is an offshore wind farm off the coast of Thanet district in Kent, England. On commissioning it was the world's largest offshore wind farm. It has a nameplate capacity (max ...
opened on 23 September 2010.[Matthew McDermott]
"Denmark Inaugurates World's Largest Offshore Wind Farm - 209 MW Horns Rev 2" ''Treehugger''
/ref>
For the year of 2012, HR2 reached a capacity factor
The net capacity factor is the unitless ratio of actual electrical energy output over a given period of time to the theoretical maximum electrical energy output over that period. The theoretical maximum energy output of a given installation is def ...
of 52.0%.[ It receives 51.8 øre/kWh for the first 50,000 hours, paid by electricity consumers.][ The farm has had some cable outages, and blades are being renovated.
The Horns Rev 2 consists of 91 ]Siemens Wind Power
Siemens AG ( ) is a German multinational conglomerate corporation and the largest industrial manufacturing company in Europe headquartered in Munich with branch offices abroad.
The principal divisions of the corporation are ''Industry'', ''E ...
SWT 2.3-93 wind turbines with a total generating capacity of 209 MW.[ The foundations are monopiles like on Horns Rev 1.
It has the first offshore wind farm ]accommodation platform
An accommodation platform is an offshore platform which supports living quarters for offshore personnel. These are often associated with the petroleum industry, although other industries use them as well, such as the wind farm Horns Rev 2. in the world, named Poseidon. It is connected by walkway to the transformer platform,[Accommodation Platform ](_blank)
, DONG Energy. Retrieved February 2010. and is large with 3 decks and weighs 422 tons. On-site accommodation is cheaper and more efficient than transporting service personnel by boat 2 hours from Esbjerg
Esbjerg (, ) is a seaport town and seat of Esbjerg Municipality on the west coast of the Jutland peninsula in southwest Denmark. By road, it is west of Kolding and southwest of Aarhus. With an urban population of 71,698 (1 January 2022) harbour away. A turbine is visited 10 times a year on average, mostly for routine service, and 1-2 times for fixing faults.[Krøyer, Kent]
I kamp mod bølgerne: Teknikere besøger hver havmølle 10 gange om året
(in Danish) '' Ing.dk'', 14 December 2009. Accessed: 14 January 2015. Flying people by helicopter to turbines like on Horns Rev
Horns Rev is a shallow sandy reef of glacial deposits in the eastern North Sea, about off the westernmost point of Denmark, Blåvands Huk. 1 is not possible on Horns Rev 2 as the turbines there are not built for it, although the transformer platform has a helipad
A helipad is a landing area or platform for helicopters and powered lift aircraft.
While helicopters and powered lift aircraft are able to operate on a variety of relatively flat surfaces, a fabricated helipad provides a clearly marked hard s ...
.[Naming Ceremony](_blank)
, DONG Energy. Retrieved February 2010. Poseidon has 24 rooms of 12 square meters each fitted with TV and internet. There is a gym, kitchen, dining room, laundry room, and a study room. Inspired by Poseidon, a similar platform is being built at the DanTysk
DanTysk is a 288 megawatt (MW) offshore wind farm in the North Sea west of the island Sylt, in the German EEZ at the border to Denmark. The wind farm operates 80 Siemens Wind Power's SWT-3.6-120 turbines with a capacity of 3.6 MW ...
wind farm.[Wittrup, Sanne]
Vattenfall bygger verdens største beboelsesplatform ved havmøllepark
(in Danish) '' Ing.dk'', 14 January 2015. Accessed: 14 January 2015.
Horns Rev 3
In April 2012, most of the Danish Folketing
The Folketing ( da, Folketinget, ; ), also known as the Parliament of Denmark or the Danish Parliament in English, is the unicameral national legislature (parliament) of the Kingdom of Denmark—Denmark proper together with the Faroe Islands ...
(parliament) agreed to send out tenders in 2013 for a 400 MW wind farm at Horns Rev called Horns Rev 3, and a 600 MW at Kriegers Flak in the Baltic Sea
The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden and the North and Central European Plain.
The sea stretches from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from ...
, both likely receiving 90 øre/kWh for the first 50,000 hours.[ This is expected to raise wind power in Denmark above the 39% of annual electricity production (as of 2014),][Rasmussen, Jesper Nørskov.]
Vindmøller slog rekord i 2014
" ''Energinet.dk
Energinet is the Danish national transmission system operator for electricity and natural gas. It is an independent public enterprise owned by the Danish state under the Ministry of Climate and Energy. Energinet has some 1150 employees, a ...
'', 6 January 2015. Accessed: 6 January 2015. which includes the 400 MW Anholt Offshore Wind Farm
Anholt Offshore Wind Farm is a Danish offshore wind power wind farm in the Kattegat, between Djursland and Anholt island. With a nameplate capacity of 400 megawatts (MW), it is one of the largest offshore wind farm in the world (along with ...
.[Dyrskjøt, Mette]
"Two giant offshore wind park tenders in 2013"
''Dagbladet Børsen
''Børsen'' (full name: ''Dagbladet Børsen'') is a Danish newspaper specialising in business news published in Denmark.
History and profile
''Børsen'' was founded in 1896 by merchant and editor Theodor Hans Carsten Green. In 1899, it was chang ...
'', 23 April 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2012.["Energinet kicks off 1GW offshore work"]
''reNews'', 23 April 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2012. The Danish Energy Agency The Danish Energy Agency (Danish: Energistyrelsen) was established in 1976 as an agency of the Danish Ministry of Transport. It was part of the Ministry of Environment and Energy from 1994 to 2001. In 2007 it came under the newly created Danish Min ...
expects construction candidates for Horns Rev 3 to have experience with installing and operating a large offshore wind farm. Some of the area is an old minefield from World War Two.[Wittrup, Sanne.]
70 tyske miner kan forsinke kommende havmøllepark
''Ingeniøren
''Ingeniøren'' (full name: ''Nyhedsmagasinet Ingeniøren'', literally ''The News Magazine "The Engineer"'') is a Danish weekly newspaper specialising in engineering topics.
History and profile
The paper has covered science and technology issues ...
'', 23 February 2015. Accessed: 23 February 2015. Four bidders were qualified for the tender.[Wittrup, Sanne.]
Horns Rev 3 er en godbid
''Ingeniøren
''Ingeniøren'' (full name: ''Nyhedsmagasinet Ingeniøren'', literally ''The News Magazine "The Engineer"'') is a Danish weekly newspaper specialising in engineering topics.
History and profile
The paper has covered science and technology issues ...
'', 16 February 2015. Accessed: 12 March 2015.
Vattenfall
Vattenfall is a Swedish multinational power company owned by the Swedish State. Beyond Sweden, the company generates power in Denmark, Finland, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom.
The company's name is Swedish for "waterfall", and ...
won the tender in February 2015, at a price of 77 øre/kWh, well below the 105 øre at Anholt.[Wittrup, Sanne.]
Svenske Vattenfall skal bygge Danmarks næste havmøllepark
" ''Ingeniøren
''Ingeniøren'' (full name: ''Nyhedsmagasinet Ingeniøren'', literally ''The News Magazine "The Engineer"'') is a Danish weekly newspaper specialising in engineering topics.
History and profile
The paper has covered science and technology issues ...
'', 26 February 2015. Accessed: 26 February 2015. Vattenfall states that they bid unaggressively against strong competition without sacrificing margins. The price reduction contributes to a smaller "green subsidy" (PSO) over the next years.[Wittrup, Sanne.]
Regnefejl, billig vind og sene kystmøller sænker prisen på grøn omstilling
''Ingeniøren
''Ingeniøren'' (full name: ''Nyhedsmagasinet Ingeniøren'', literally ''The News Magazine "The Engineer"'') is a Danish weekly newspaper specialising in engineering topics.
History and profile
The paper has covered science and technology issues ...
'', 27 March 2015. Accessed: 27 March 2015. Horns Rev 3 consists of a total of 49 MHI Vestas V164-8.3 MW units, capable of producing 406.7 MW.[Horns Rev 3 offshore wind farm]
" ''Vattenfall
Vattenfall is a Swedish multinational power company owned by the Swedish State. Beyond Sweden, the company generates power in Denmark, Finland, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom.
The company's name is Swedish for "waterfall", and ...
'', 27 June 2016. Accessed: 29 October 2016. Three transformers were installed in July 2016. The first turbines started to produce electricity for the grid in December 2018,[First power for Horns Rev 3]
'' 4C Offshore'', 24 December 2018. Accessed: 04 January 2019. and the last turbine was installed in January 2019. The official inauguration of Horns Rev 3 was on 22 August 2019.[Mathiesen, K. (6 August 2019)]
Hvide Sande snupper Horns Rev 3-service fra Esbjerg: Havnedirektør er stadig fortrøstningsfuld.
JydskeVestkysten. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
See also
*Wind power in Denmark
Denmark was a pioneer in developing commercial wind power during the 1970s, and today a substantial share of the wind turbines around the world are produced by Danish manufacturers such as Vestas—the world's largest wind-turbine manufacturer ...
*List of offshore wind farms in Denmark
This is a list of operational, offshore wind farms in Denmark (within the national maritime boundaries). Denmark's wind power generation is the highest in the world as a fraction of domestic consumption, reaching 47% in 2019.
Data is primarily ...
*
*List of offshore wind farms
This article lists the largest offshore wind farms that are currently operational rated by nameplate capacity. It also lists the largest offshore wind farms currently under construction, the largest proposed offshore wind farms, and offshore w ...
References
{{Wind power
Offshore wind farms in the North Sea
Wind farms in Denmark
Ørsted (company) wind farms
2002 establishments in Denmark
Energy infrastructure completed in 2002