Horacio Guzmán (February 16, 1913 – August 11, 1992) was an Argentine lawyer and politician who served as Governor of

Jujuy Province Jujuy is a province of Argentina, located in the extreme northwest of the country, at the borders with Chile and Bolivia. The only neighboring Argentine province is Salta to the east and south. Geography There are three main areas in Jujuy: ...

from 1958 to 1962, and from 1963 to 1964.

Life and times

Horacio Gregorio Guzmán was born in the city of

San Salvador de Jujuy San Salvador de Jujuy (), commonly known as Jujuy and locally often referred to as San Salvador, is the capital and largest city of Jujuy Province in northwest Argentina. Also, it is the seat of the Doctor Manuel Belgrano Department. It lies near ...

to Margarita Ocampo and Stanislaus Flavio Guzmán, in 1913. He enrolled at the

National University of Córdoba The National University of Córdoba ( es, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba,) is an institution of higher education in the city of Córdoba, Argentina. Founded in 1613, the university is the oldest in Argentina, the third oldest university of t ...

, and earned a '' juris doctor'' in 1939. He joined the centrist Radical Civic Union (UCR), which at the time struggled under the system of " patriotic fraud" that kept the conservative Concordance government in power, as a member of their youth chapter, and in 1940, was elected to the Provincial Legislature. Jujuy en Línea: Horacio Gregorio Guzmán
Following the 1955 overthrow of populist President Juan Perón, Guzmán was named Director of the Provincial Social Security Fund, and he became head of the Jujuy UCR. The schism in the UCR following its 1956 convention led Guzmán to join the more progressive,

UCRI The Intransigent Radical Civic Union ( es, Unión Cívica Radical Intransigente, UCRI) was a political party of Argentina. The UCRI developed from the centrist Radical Civic Union in 1956, following a split at the party's convention in Tucumán. ...

, however, which defeated the rival UCRP in the February 1958 general election. Guzmán ran for and won the governor's post in Jujuy by a wide margin, and he promptly adopted the

developmentalist Developmentalism is an economic theory which states that the best way for less developed economies to develop is through fostering a strong and varied internal market and imposing high tariffs on imported goods. Developmentalism is a cross-discip ...

policies advanced by the UCRI standard-bearer, President-elect

Arturo Frondizi Arturo Frondizi Ércoli (October 28, 1908 – April 18, 1995) was an Argentine lawyer, journalist, teacher and politician, who was elected President of Argentina and ruled between May 1, 1958 and March 29, 1962, when he was overthrown by a ...

. His administration initiated a number of significant

public works Public works are a broad category of infrastructure projects, financed and constructed by the government, for recreational, employment, and health and safety uses in the greater community. They include public buildings ( municipal buildings, sc ...

in Jujuy, long among Argentina's least-developed provinces. Some of the most important include the El Cadillal International Airport, a comprehensive housing plan, numerous clinics, the Children's and Neuropsychiatric Hospitals, provincial roads network, the International Bridge between

La Quiaca La Quiaca is a small city in the north of the , on the southern bank of the La Quiaca River, opposite the town of Villazón, Bolivia. It lies at the end of National Route 9, from San Salvador de Jujuy (the provincial capital), and at an altitude ...

and Villazón ( Bolivia), new courts and provincial legislature buildings, the La Quiaca

Normal School A normal school or normal college is an institution created to train teachers by educating them in the norms of pedagogy and curriculum. In the 19th century in the United States, instruction in normal schools was at the high school level, turni ...

, pensions for teachers, and the province's first school of higher learning, the Institute of Economic Sciences (which became the

National University of Jujuy The National University of Jujuy ( es, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, UNJU) is an Argentine national university, situated in the city of San Salvador de Jujuy, capital of Jujuy Province. Its precursor, the Instituto Superior de Ciencias Económic ...

in 1973).Volveré Jujuy: Jujuy en los siglos XX y XXI
Guzmán also created incentives for the establishment of private industries, and a number of paper mills opened in the province, including one converting sugar cane fibers into

pulp Pulp may refer to: * Pulp (fruit), the inner flesh of fruit Engineering * Dissolving pulp, highly purified cellulose used in fibre and film manufacture * Pulp (paper), the fibrous material used to make paper * Molded pulp, a packaging material ...

; this, in turn, prompted the Ledesma sugar mills (among the most important in Argentina) to modernize their facilities. His policies, as well as his support for the refurbishment of numerous decaying churches in the mountainous province, earned him the appointment in 1960 as Knight Commander of the

Order of St. Gregory the Great The Pontifical Equestrian Order of St. Gregory the Great ( la, Ordo Sancti Gregorii Magni; it, Ordine di San Gregorio Magno) was established on 1 September 1831, by Pope Gregory XVI, seven months after his election as Pope. The order is one of ...

by Pope

John XXIII Pope John XXIII ( la, Ioannes XXIII; it, Giovanni XXIII; born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, ; 25 November 18813 June 1963) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 28 October 1958 until his death in June 19 ...

. Later that year, he also received the Bolivian

Order of the Condor of the Andes The Order of the Condor of the Andes ( es, links=no, La Orden del Cóndor de los Andes) is a state decoration of the Plurinational State of Bolivia instituted on 12 April 1925. The Order is awarded for exceptional merit, either civil or military, ...

for his efforts to improve ties with Argentina's northern neighbor.Biografías de Gobernadores: Horacio Gregorio Guzmán
National politics prevailed, however, when the March 29, 1962, overthrow of President Frondizi led to Guzmán's own removal. He was returned to office by voters in the July 1963 elections; but his second tenure was fraught with political disputes. The legislature, to which a Workers' Party majority was elected with Peronist support, refused to certify Guzmán's victory, and the subsequent gridlock ultimately led President

Arturo Illia Arturo Umberto Illia (; 4 August 1900 – 18 January 1983) was an Argentine politician and physician, who was President of Argentina from 12 October 1963, to 28 June 1966. He was a member of the centrist Radical Civic Union. Illia reached t ...

's August 1964 order that Governor Guzmán be removed. Guzmán subsequently founded the Jujuy Popular Movement (MPJ), though he would not return to office until January 1982, when the dictatorship of General Leopoldo Galtieri appointed him governor. He resigned that October, and was elected to the Argentine Chamber of Deputies in 1985. Guzmán was given a

United Nations Medal A United Nations Medal is an international decoration awarded by the United Nations (UN) to the various world countries members for participation in joint international military and police operations such as peacekeeping, humanitarian efforts, an ...

for Political Merit in April 1986. He again resigned, in 1987, and ran for the office of Mayor of

, a post he won. Dr. Horacio Guzmán died on August 11, 1992. His daughter, Dr. Cristina Guzmán, served in Congress for the MPJ from 1983 to 1999, and a granddaughter, Monica Arancio, was elected the first female Senator from Jujuy, in 2001.''La Nación'' (2 Dec 2001): El próximo Senado, con perfume de mujer

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Guzman, Horacio 1913 births 1992 deaths People from Jujuy Province Argentine people of Spanish descent National University of Córdoba alumni Governors of Jujuy Province Radical Civic Union politicians Members of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies elected in Jujuy Knights of St. Gregory the Great Mayors of places in Argentina 20th-century Argentine lawyers