The Hoplitidae is a family of Cretaceous ammonites that lived during the middle of the period from the late

Aptian The Aptian is an age in the geologic timescale or a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is a subdivision of the Early or Lower Cretaceous Epoch or Series and encompasses the time from 121.4 ± 1.0 Ma to 113.0 ± 1.0 Ma (million years ago), a ...

to the

Cenomanian The Cenomanian is, in the ICS' geological timescale, the oldest or earliest age of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or the lowest stage of the Upper Cretaceous Series. An age is a unit of geochronology; it is a unit of time; the stage is a unit in the s ...

. They are part of the superfamily Hoplitoidea. Members of the Hoplitidae are typically evolute, with inner whorls exposed, although some are more involute, and are commonly stout and strongly ribbed, with pronounced tubercles. The Hoplitidae are thought to be derived from the U

-M

Albian The Albian is both an age of the geologic timescale and a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is the youngest or uppermost subdivision of the Early/Lower Cretaceous Epoch/Series. Its approximate time range is 113.0 ± 1.0 Ma to 100.5 ± 0.9 M ...

'' Uligella'' of the

Desmoceratidae Desmoceratidae is a family belonging to the ammonite superfamily Desmoceratoidea. with and (1996), ''Mollusca 4 Revised , Cretaceous Ammonoidea'', vol. 4, in ''Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology'', Part L (Roger L. Kaesler et el. eds.), ...

, or some related form and have been divided into three subfamilies.

Subtaxa

Classification of Hoplitidae was revised multiple times during last decades. Currently, is contains 3 subfamilies:Amédro, F., Matrion, B., Magniez-Jannin, F., & Touch, R. (2014). La limite Albien inférieur-Albien moyen dans l’Albien type de l’Aube (France): ammonites, foraminifères, séquences. Revue de Paléobiologie, 33(1), 159-279. * Gastroplitinae ** '' Freboldiceras'' ** ''

Arcthoplites ''Arcthoplites'' is an extinct genus of cephalopod belonging to the ammonite Ammonoids are a group of extinct marine mollusc animals in the subclass Ammonoidea of the class Cephalopoda. These molluscs, commonly referred to as ammonites, are ...

'' ** ?'' Sokolovites'' ** '' Pseudopulchellia'' ** '' Gastroplites'' ** '' Irenoceras'' ** '' Neogastroplites'' ** ?'' Alopecoceras'' * Sonneratiinae ** '' Bucaillella'' ** ''

Sonneratia ''Sonneratia'' is a genus of plants in the family Lythraceae. Formerly the Sonneratia were placed in a family called Sonneratiaceae which included both the ''Sonneratia'' and the ''Duabanga'', but these two are now placed in their own monotyp ...

'' ** '' Pseudosonneratia'' ** '' Anahoplitoides'' ** '' Hemisonneratia'' ** '' Protohoplites'' ** '' Tetrahoplites'' * Hoplitinae ** ''

Otohoplites ''Otohoplites'' is a genus of ammonite that lived in the Early Albian age and whose fossils were found in Svalbard, Denmark, England, France, Austria, Poland, Russia and Kazakhstan. It has evolved from '' Hemisonneratia'' and gave rise to the ge ...

'' ** ''

Hoplites Hoplites ( ) ( grc, ὁπλίτης : hoplítēs) were citizen-soldiers of Ancient Greek city-states who were primarily armed with spears and shields. Hoplite soldiers used the phalanx formation to be effective in war with fewer soldiers. The fo ...

'' *** ''Hoplites (Hoplites)'' *** ''Hoplites (Isohoplites)'' ** ''

Anahoplites ''Anahoplites'' is a genus of rather involute, compressed hoplitid ammonites Ammonoids are a group of extinct marine mollusc animals in the subclass Ammonoidea of the class Cephalopoda. These molluscs, commonly referred to as ammonites, a ...

'' ** '' Dimorphoplites'' ** '' Epihoplites'' *** ''Epihoplites (Metaclavites)'' *** ''Epihoplites (Epihoplites)'' ** '' Semenoviceras'' ** ''

Callihoplites ''Callihoplites'' is a genus of rather evolute ammonites from the Lower Cretaceous, Late Albian. Its whorl section squarish or compressed, inner whorls bearing umbilical bullae and ventrolateral clavi, with or without looped ribs between. The bo ...

'' ** '' Pleurohoplites'' *** ''Pleurohoplites (Pleurohoplites)'' *** ''Pleurohoplites (Arrhaphoceras)'' ** ''

Euhoplites ''Euhoplites'' is an extinct ammonoid cephalopod from the Lower Cretaceous, characterized by strongly ribbed, more or less evolute, compressed to inflated shells with flat or concave ribs, typically with a deep narrow groove running down the mi ...

'' ** '' Hyphoplites'' *** ''Hyphoplites (Hyphoplites)'' *** ''Hyphoplites (Discohoplites)''

Phylogenetic relations

The Hoplitidae may have given rise to the

Schloenbachiidae Shloenbachiidae is a family of hoplitoid ammonoid cephalopds mostly from the lower Upper Cretaceous, (U Albian - Cenomanian). Shloenbachiidae can be recognized by their usually keel bearing, irregularly ribbed and tuberculate shells that vary f ...

and seems to be in a different branch of the Hoplitoidea from earlier families included.

References

* Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part L, Mollusca 4, Mesozoic Ammonoidea. R.C. Moore (ed). Geological Soc. of America and Univ Kansas Press (1957)
Hoplitidae-Paleodb
Ammonitida families Hoplitoidea Aptian first appearances Cenomanian extinctions {{ammonitina-stub