The Hoover Institution (officially The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace; abbreviated as Hoover) is an American public policy

think tank A think tank, or policy institute, is a research institute that performs research and advocacy concerning topics such as social policy, political strategy, economics, military, technology, and culture. Most think tanks are non-governmenta ...

and research institution that promotes personal and economic liberty,

free enterprise In economics, a free market is an economic system in which the prices of goods and services are determined by supply and demand expressed by sellers and buyers. Such markets, as modeled, operate without the intervention of government or any ...

, and

limited government In political philosophy, limited government is the concept of a government limited in power. It is a key concept in the history of liberalism.Amy Gutmann, "How Limited Is Liberal Government" in Liberalism Without Illusions: Essays on Liberal Th ...

. While the institution is formally a unit of

Stanford University Stanford University, officially Leland Stanford Junior University, is a private research university in Stanford, California. The campus occupies , among the largest in the United States, and enrolls over 17,000 students. Stanford is consider ...

, it maintains an independent board of overseers and relies on its own income and donations. It is widely described as a

conservative Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy that seeks to promote and to preserve traditional institutions, practices, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civilization i ...

institution, although its directors have contested the idea that it is partisan. In 1919, the institution began as a library founded by Stanford alumnus

Herbert Hoover Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was an American politician who served as the 31st president of the United States from 1929 to 1933 and a member of the Republican Party, holding office during the onset of the Gr ...

prior to his presidency in order to house his archives gathered during the

Great War World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

. The

Hoover Tower Hoover Tower is a structure on the campus of Stanford University in Stanford, California. The tower houses the Hoover Institution Library and Archives, an archive collection founded by Herbert Hoover before he became President of the United Stat ...

, an icon of Stanford University, was built to house the archives, then known as the Hoover War Collection (now the

Hoover Institution Library and Archives The Hoover Institution Library and Archives is a research center and archival repository located at Stanford University, near Palo Alto, California in the United States. Built around a collection amassed by Stanford graduate Herbert Hoover prio ...

), and contained material related to

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

, and other global events. The collection was renamed and transformed into a research institution and think tank in the mid-20th century. Its mission, as described by Herbert Hoover in 1959, is "to recall the voice of experience against the making of war, and by the study of these records and their publication, to recall man's endeavors to make and preserve peace, and to sustain for America the safeguards of the American way of life." The Hoover Institution has been a place of scholarship for individuals who previously held significant positions in government. Notable Hoover fellows and alumni include

Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...

laureates

Henry Kissinger Henry Alfred Kissinger (; ; born Heinz Alfred Kissinger, May 27, 1923) is a German-born American politician, diplomat, and geopolitical consultant who served as United States Secretary of State and National Security Advisor under the presid ...

Milton Friedman Milton Friedman (; July 31, 1912 – November 16, 2006) was an American economist and statistician who received the 1976 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his research on consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and the ...

, and

Gary Becker Gary Stanley Becker (; December 2, 1930 – May 3, 2014) was an American economist who received the 1992 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. He was a professor of economics and sociology at the University of Chicago, and was a leader of ...

; economist

Thomas Sowell Thomas Sowell (; born June 30, 1930) is an American author, economist, political commentator and academic who is a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution. With widely published commentary and books—and as a guest on TV and radio—he becam ...

, scholars

Niall Ferguson Niall Campbell Ferguson FRSE (; born 18 April 1964)Biography
Niall Ferguson

and

Richard Epstein Richard Allen Epstein (born April 17, 1943) is an American legal scholar known for his writings on torts, contracts, property rights, law and economics, classical liberalism, and libertarianism. He is the Laurence A. Tisch Professor of Law at ...

, and former Speaker of the House of Representatives

Newt Gingrich Newton Leroy Gingrich (; né McPherson; born June 17, 1943) is an American politician and author who served as the 50th speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. A member of the Republican Party, he was the U ...

. In 2020, former

U.S. Secretary of State The United States secretary of state is a member of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States and the head of the U.S. Department of State. The office holder is one of the highest ranking members of the president's Ca ...

Condoleezza Rice became the institution's director. It divides its

fellow A fellow is a concept whose exact meaning depends on context. In learned or professional societies, it refers to a privileged member who is specially elected in recognition of their work and achievements. Within the context of higher education ...

s into separate research teams to work on various subjects, including

Economic Policy The economy of governments covers the systems for setting levels of taxation, government budgets, the money supply and interest rates as well as the labour market, national ownership, and many other areas of government interventions into the e ...

History History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the History of writing#Inventions of writing, invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbr ...

Education Education is a purposeful activity directed at achieving certain aims, such as transmitting knowledge or fostering skills and character traits. These aims may include the development of understanding, rationality, kindness, and honesty. Va ...

, and

Law Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior,Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90. with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been vario ...

. It publishes research through its own

university press A university press is an academic publishing house specializing in monographs and scholarly journals. Most are nonprofit organizations and an integral component of a large research university. They publish work that has been reviewed by schola ...

, the Hoover Institution Press. In 2021, Hoover was ranked as the 10th most influential think tank in the world by '' Academic Influence''. It was ranked 22nd on the "Top Think Tanks in United States" and 1st on the "Top Think Tanks to Look Out For" lists of the

Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program The Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program (TTCSP) was a non-profit program at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, that operated from 1989 to 2021. TTCSP was originally established at the Foreign Policy Research Instit ...

that same year.

History

Early history

In June 1919,

, then a wealthy engineer who was one of Stanford's first graduates, sent a telegram offering Stanford president

Ray Lyman Wilbur Ray Lyman Wilbur (April 13, 1875 – June 26, 1949) was an American medical doctor who served as the third president of Stanford University and was the 31st United States Secretary of the Interior. Early life Wilbur was born in Boonesboro, Iowa, ...

$50,000 in order to support the collection of primary materials related to World War I, a project that became known as the Hoover War Collection. Supported primarily by gifts from private donors, the Hoover War Collection flourished in its early years. In 1922, the collection became known as the Hoover War Library (now the

) and had collected a variety of rare and unpublished material, including the files of the '' Okhrana,'' as well as a plurality of government documents. It was originally housed in the Stanford Library, separate from the general stacks. In his memoirs, Hoover wrote:

I did a vast amount of reading, mostly on previous wars, revolutions, and peace-makings of Europe and especially the political and economic aftermaths. At one time I set up some research at London, Paris, and Berlin into previous famines in Europe to see if there had developed any ideas on handling relief and pestilence. ... I was shortly convinced that gigantic famine would follow the present war. The steady degeneration of agriculture was obvious. ... I read in one of Andrew D. White's writings that most of the fugitive literature of comment during the
French Revolution The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are considere ...
was lost to history because no one set any value on it at the time, and that without such material it became very difficult or impossible to reconstruct the real scene. Therein lay the origins of the Library on War, Revolution and Peace at Stanford University.

By 1926, the Hoover War Library was the largest library in the world devoted to the Great War. It contained 1.4 million items and was becoming too large to house in the Stanford Library so the university allocated $600,000 for the construction of the

, which was to be its permanent home independent of the Stanford Library system. The 285-foot tall tower was completed in 1941 on date of the university's

golden jubilee A golden jubilee marks a 50th anniversary. It variously is applied to people, events, and nations. Bangladesh In Bangladesh, golden jubilee refers the 50th anniversary year of the separation from Pakistan and is called in Bengali ''"সু ...

. The tower has since been an icon of the Stanford campus.

Expansion and later history

In 1956, former President Hoover, under the auspices of the Institution and Library, launched a major fundraising campaign that transitioned the organization to its current form as a think tank and archive. In 1957, the Hoover Institution and Library was renamed the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace—the name it holds today. In 1959 Stanford's Board of Trustees officially established the Hoover Institution as "an independent institution within the frame of Stanford University." In 1960, W. Glenn Campbell was appointed director and substantial budget increases soon led to corresponding increases in acquisitions and related research projects. In particular, the Chinese and Russian collections grew considerably. Despite student unrest in the 1960s, the institution continued to develop closer relations with Stanford.

Reagan governorship (1967–1975) and presidency (1981–1989)

In 1975,

Ronald Reagan Ronald Wilson Reagan ( ; February 6, 1911June 5, 2004) was an American politician, actor, and union leader who served as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989. He also served as the 33rd governor of California from 1967 ...

, who was

Governor of California The governor of California is the head of government of the U.S. state of California. The governor is the commander-in-chief of the California National Guard and the California State Guard. Established in the Constitution of California, the g ...

at that time, was designated as Hoover’s first honorary fellow. He donated his gubernatorial papers to the Hoover library. During that time the Hoover Institution held a general budget of $3.5 million a year. In 1976, one third of Stanford University's book holdings were housed at the Hoover library. At that time, it was the largest private archive collection in the United States. For his presidential campaign in 1980, Reagan engaged at least thirteen Hoover scholars to support the campaign in multiple capacities. After Reagan won the election campaign, more than thirty current or former Hoover Institution fellows worked for the Reagan administration in 1981. In 1989, Campbell retired as director of Hoover and replaced by John Raisian, a change that was seen as the end of an era. Raisan served as director until 2015, and was succeeded by Thomas W. Gilligan. George W. Bush administration (2001–2009)

President George W. Bush George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 43rd president of the United States from 2001 to 2009. A member of the Republican Party, Bush family, and son of the 41st president George H. W. Bush, he ...

awarded the

National Humanities Medal The National Humanities Medal is an American award that annually recognizes several individuals, groups, or institutions for work that has "deepened the nation's understanding of the humanities, broadened our citizens' engagement with the human ...

to the Hoover Institution in 2006. 160919-D-SK590-091 (29170239914)

Trump administration (2017–2021)

The

Trump administration Donald Trump's tenure as the 45th president of the United States began with his inauguration on January 20, 2017, and ended on January 20, 2021. Trump, a Republican from New York City, took office following his Electoral College victory ...

maintained close ties with the institution and multiple Hoover affiliates were assigned top positions in government.

Scott Atlas Scott William Atlas (born July 5, 1955) is an American radiologist, political commentator, and health care policy advisor. He is the Robert Wesson Senior Fellow in health care policy at Stanford University's Hoover Institution, a conservative t ...

, one Hoover fellow, was known for pushing against public health measures as a top Trump advisor in the

COVID-19 pandemic The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The novel virus was first identif ...

, and was condemned in a Stanford faculty vote. In August 2017 the David and Joan Traitel Building was inaugurated. The ground floor is a conference center with a 400-seat

auditorium An auditorium is a room built to enable an audience to hear and watch performances. For movie theatres, the number of auditoria (or auditoriums) is expressed as the number of screens. Auditoria can be found in entertainment venues, community ...

and the top floor houses the Hoover Institution's headquarters. In 2020, Condoleezza Rice succeeded Thomas W. Gilligan as director.

Present

At any given time the Hoover Institution has up to 200 resident scholars known as Fellows. They are an interdisciplinary group studying political science, education, economics, foreign policy, energy, history, law, national security, health and politics. Some hold joint appointments as lecturers on the Stanford faculty. During Stanford University faculty senate discussions on closer collaboration between the university and the Institution in 2021, Rice "addressed campus criticism that the Hoover Institution is a partisan think tank that primarily supports conservative administrations and policy positions" by sharing "statistics that show Hoover fellows contribute financially to both political parties on an equal basis", according to the university's newsletter.

Campus

The Institution has libraries which include materials from both the

First World War World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

and

Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

, including the collection of documents of President Hoover, which he began to collect at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. Thousands of

Persian Persian may refer to: * People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language ** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples ** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...

books, official documents, letters, multimedia pieces and other materials on

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

's history, politics and culture can also be found at the Stanford University library and the Hoover Institution library.

Publications

The Hoover Institution's in-house publisher, Hoover Institution Press, produces publications on public policy topics, including the quarterly periodicals ''Hoover Digest'', ''Education Next'', ''China Leadership Monitor'', and ''Defining Ideas''. The Hoover Institution Press previously published the bimonthly periodical ''

Policy Review ''Policy Review'' was a conservative journal published between 1977 to 2013. It was founded by The Heritage Foundation and was for many years the foundation's flagship publication.Gillian Peele, 'American Conservatism in Historical Perspective', i ...

'', which it acquired from

The Heritage Foundation The Heritage Foundation (abbreviated to Heritage) is an American conservative think tank based in Washington, D.C. that is primarily geared toward public policy. The foundation took a leading role in the conservative movement during the presiden ...

in 2001. ''Policy Review'' ceased publication with its February–March 2013 issue. The Hoover Institution Press also publishes books and essays by Hoover Institution fellows and other Hoover-affiliated scholars.

Funding

The Hoover Institution receives nearly half of its funding from private gifts, primarily from individual contributions, and the other half from its endowment. Funders of the organization include the Taube Family Foundation, the

Koret Foundation The Koret Foundation is a private foundation based in San Francisco, California. Its mission is to strengthen the Bay Area and support the Jewish community in the U.S. and Israel through grantmaking to organizations involved with education, arts an ...

, the

Howard Charitable Foundation Alan Howard (born September 1963) is a British billionaire hedge fund manager and co-founder of Brevan Howard Asset Management LLP. In February 2013, ''Forbes'' listed him as one of the 40 highest-earning hedge fund managers. In 2014, he was ra ...

, the

Sarah Scaife Foundation The Scaife Foundations refer collectively to three foundations in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The three subdivisions are: the Allegheny Foundation, the Sarah Scaife Foundation, and the Scaife Family Foundation. A fourth foundation, the Carthage Fo ...

, the

Walton Foundation The Walton family is an American family whose collective fortune derived from Walmart makes them the richest family in the United States of America. Overview The three most prominent living members ( Jim, Rob, and Alice Walton) have consis ...

, the

Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation The Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation, commonly known as the Bradley Foundation, is an American charitable foundation based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, that primarily supports conservative causes. The foundation provides between $35 million and $4 ...

, and the William E. Simon Foundation.

Details

Funding sources and expenditures, FY 2018:

Members

In May 2018, the Hoover Institution's website listed 198 fellows. Below is a list of directors and some of the more prominent fellows, former and current.

Directors

* Ephraim D. Adams, 1920–25 * Ralph H. Lutz, 1925–44 * Harold H. Fisher, 1944–52 * C. Easton Rothwell, 1952–59
W. Glenn Campbell
1960–89
John Raisian
1989–2015 * Thomas W. Gilligan, 2015–September 2020 * Condoleezza Rice, September 2020–Present

Honorary Fellows

Margaret Thatcher Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher (; 13 October 19258 April 2013) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party (UK), Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990. S ...

, former

Prime Minister of the United Kingdom The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom. The prime minister advises the sovereign on the exercise of much of the royal prerogative, chairs the Cabinet and selects its ministers. As modern pr ...

(deceased) *

, former

President of the United States The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United Stat ...

(deceased) *

Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn. (11 December 1918 – 3 August 2008) was a Russian novelist. One of the most famous Soviet dissidents, Solzhenitsyn was an outspoken critic of communism and helped to raise global awareness of political repres ...

Soviet dissident Soviet dissidents were people who disagreed with certain features of Soviet ideology or with its entirety and who were willing to speak out against them. The term ''dissident'' was used in the Soviet Union in the period from the mid-1960s until ...

and Nobel laureate in literature (deceased) *

Friedrich Hayek Friedrich August von Hayek ( , ; 8 May 189923 March 1992), often referred to by his initials F. A. Hayek, was an Austrian–British economist, legal theorist and philosopher who is best known for his defense of classical liberalism. Haye ...

, philosopher and Nobel laureate in economics (deceased)

Distinguished Fellows

George P. Shultz George Pratt Shultz (; December 13, 1920February 6, 2021) was an American economist, businessman, diplomat and statesman. He served in various positions under two different Republican presidents and is one of the only two persons to have held fou ...

, former

(deceased)

Senior Fellows

Fouad Ajami Fouad A. Ajami ( ar, فؤاد عجمي; September 18, 1945 – June 22, 2014) was a MacArthur Fellowship winning, Lebanese-born American university professor and writer on Middle Eastern issues. He was a senior fellow at Stanford University's Ho ...

, political scientist, former director of the Middle East Studies Program at

Johns Hopkins University Johns Hopkins University (Johns Hopkins, Hopkins, or JHU) is a private university, private research university in Baltimore, Maryland. Founded in 1876, Johns Hopkins is the oldest research university in the United States and in the western hem ...

(deceased) *

, health care policy scholar and physician, former professor and former Chief of Neuroradiology at Stanford University School of Medicine *

Richard V. Allen Richard Vincent Allen (born January 1, 1936) was the United States National Security Advisor to President Ronald Reagan from 1981 to 1982, having been Reagan's chief foreign policy advisor from 1977. He has been a fellow of the Hoover Institutio ...

, former U.S. National Security Advisor * Martin Anderson, former advisor to Richard Nixon and author of ''The Federal Bulldozer'' (deceased) *

Robert Barro Robert Joseph Barro (born September 28, 1944) is an American macroeconomist and the Paul M. Warburg Professor of Economics at Harvard University. Barro is considered one of the founders of new classical macroeconomics, along with Robert Lucas, J ...

, economist * Lee Ohanion, economist *

Gary S. Becker Gary Stanley Becker (; December 2, 1930 – May 3, 2014) was an American economist who received the 1992 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. He was a professor of economics and sociology at the University of Chicago, and was a leader of ...

, 1992 Nobel laureate in economics (deceased) * Joseph Berger, theoretical sociologist *

Peter Berkowitz Peter Berkowitz (born 1959) is an American political scientist, former law professor, and United States Department of State employee, most recently serving as the Director of Policy Planning at the United States Department of State. He currently s ...

, political scientist *

Russell Berman Russell A. Berman (born May 14, 1950) is an American academic and professor specializing in German studies and Comparative literature. He serves as the Walter A. Haas Professor in the Humanities at Stanford University. He is also a senior fellow ...

, professor of German Studies and Comparative Literature *

Michael Boskin Michael Jay Boskin (born September 23, 1945) is the T. M. Friedman Professor of Economics and senior Fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution. He also is chief executive officer and president of Boskin & Co., an economic consulting com ...

, chairman of the

Council of Economic Advisers The Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) is a United States agency within the Executive Office of the President established in 1946, which advises the President of the United States on economic policy. The CEA provides much of the empirical resea ...

under President

George H. W. Bush George Herbert Walker BushSince around 2000, he has been usually called George H. W. Bush, Bush Senior, Bush 41 or Bush the Elder to distinguish him from his eldest son, George W. Bush, who served as the 43rd president from 2001 to 2009; pr ...

* David W. Brady, political scientist *

Bruce Bueno de Mesquita Bruce Bueno de Mesquita (; born November 24, 1946) is a political scientist, professor at New York University, and senior fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution. Biography Bueno de Mesquita graduated from Stuyvesant High School in ...

, political scientist, professor at

New York University New York University (NYU) is a private research university in New York City. Chartered in 1831 by the New York State Legislature, NYU was founded by a group of New Yorkers led by then-Secretary of the Treasury Albert Gallatin. In 1832, the ...

Elizabeth Cobbs Elizabeth Cobbs is an American historian, commentator, and author of eight books including three novels, a two-volume textbook, and four non-fiction works. She holds the Melbern Glasscock Chair in American History at Texas A&M University. She ...

, historian, novelist, and documentary filmmaker * John H. Cochrane, economist *

William Damon William Damon (born 1944 in Brockton, Massachusetts) is a psychologist who is a professor at Stanford University and senior fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution. He is one of the world's leading scholars of human development. Dam ...

, professor of education *

Larry Diamond Larry Jay Diamond (born October 2, 1951) is an American political sociologist and leading contemporary scholar in the field of democracy studies. Diamond is a senior fellow at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, which is Stanf ...

, political scientist, professor at Stanford University *

Frank Dikötter Frank Dikötter (; ) is a Dutch historian who specialises in modern China. Dikötter has been Chair Professor of Humanities at the University of Hong Kong since 2006. Before relocating to Hong Kong, he was Professor of the Modern History of Ch ...

, chair professor of humanities at the

University of Hong Kong The University of Hong Kong (HKU) (Chinese: 香港大學) is a public research university in Hong Kong. Founded in 1887 as the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese, it is the oldest tertiary institution in Hong Kong. HKU was also the fi ...

Sidney Drell Sidney David Drell (September 13, 1926 – December 21, 2016) was an American theoretical physicist and arms control expert. At the time of his death, he was professor emeritus at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) and senior fel ...

, theoretical physicist and arms control expert (deceased) *

Darrell Duffie James Darrell Duffie (born May 23, 1954) is a Canadian financial economist and is Dean Witter Distinguished Professor of Finance at Stanford Graduate School of Business. He is the author of numerous research articles, and several books, incl ...

, Dean Witter Distinguished Professor of Finance at

's Graduate School of Business * John B. Dunlop, expert on Soviet and Russian politics *

Richard A. Epstein Richard Allen Epstein (born April 17, 1943) is an American legal scholar known for his writings on torts, contracts, property rights, law and economics, classical liberalism, and libertarianism. He is the Laurence A. Tisch Professor of Law at ...

, legal scholar * Martin Feldstein, senior fellow at the George F. Baker Professor of Economics at

Harvard University Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of higher le ...

Niall Ferguson Niall Campbell Ferguson FRSE (; born 18 April 1964)Biography
Niall Ferguson

, historian, professor at

Chester E. Finn, Jr. Chester Evans Finn Jr. (born August 3, 1944) is a former professor of education, an educational policy analyst, and a former United States Assistant Secretary of Education. He is currently the president emeritus of the nonprofit Thomas B. Fordham ...

, professor of education * Morris P. Fiorina, political scientist *

, 1976 Nobel laureate in economics (deceased) *

Timothy Garton Ash Timothy Garton Ash CMG FRSA (born 12 July 1955) is a British historian, author and commentator. He is Professor of European Studies at Oxford University. Most of his work has been concerned with the contemporary history of Europe, with a spe ...

, historian, columnist for ''

The Guardian ''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'', and changed its name in 1959. Along with its sister papers ''The Observer'' and ''The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardian'' is part of the Gu ...

'' *

Jack Goldsmith Jack Landman Goldsmith III (born September 26, 1962) is an American legal scholar. He is a professor at Harvard Law School who has written extensively in the fields of international law, civil procedure, federal courts, conflict of laws, and na ...

, legal scholar *

Stephen Haber Stephen H. Haber (born July 12, 1957) is a professor of political science and history known for his work on the political institutions and economic policies that promote innovation and improvements in living standards. Haber is a professor in the ...

, economic historian and political scientist * Robert Hall, economist *

Victor Davis Hanson Victor Davis Hanson (born September 5, 1953) is an American commentator, classicist, and military historian. He has been a commentator on modern and ancient warfare and contemporary politics for ''The New York Times'', ''Wall Street Journal'', ...

, classicist, military historian, columnist *

Eric Hanushek Eric Alan Hanushek (; born May 22, 1943) is an economist who has written prolifically on public policy with a special emphasis on the economics of education. Since 2000, he has been a Paul and Jean Hanna Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution, a ...

, economist *

David R. Henderson David Richard Henderson (born November 21, 1950) is a Canadian-born American economist and author who moved to the United States in 1972 and became a U.S. citizen in 1986, serving on President Ronald Reagan's Council of Economic Advisers from 198 ...

, economist * Caroline Hoxby, economist * Bobby Ray Inman, retired admiral * Shanto Iyengar, professor of political science, and director of the Political Communication Laboratory at

* Ken Jowitt, historian * Kenneth Judd, Kenneth L. Judd, economist * Daniel P. Kessler, scholar of health policy and health care finance * Stephen D. Krasner, international relations professor * Edward Lazear, economist * Gary Libecap, Gary D. Libecap, Bren Professor of Corporate Environmental Policy and of Donald R. Bren School of Environmental Science * Seymour Martin Lipset, political sociologist (deceased) * Harvey Mansfield, political scientist * Michael W. McConnell, legal scholar, former judge, professor at Stanford University * Michael McFaul, political scientist, United States Ambassador to Russia * H.R. McMaster, former National Security Advisor (United States), National Security Advisor * Thomas Metzger (sinologist), Thomas Metzger, sinologist * James C. Miller III, economist * Terry M. Moe, professor of political science at Stanford University * Kevin M. Murphy, economist * Norman Naimark, historian * Douglass North, 1993 Nobel laureate in economics (deceased) * William J. Perry, former United States Secretary of Defense, U.S. Secretary of Defense * Paul E. Peterson, scholar on education reform * Alvin Rabushka, political scientist * Raghuram Rajan, Katherine Dusak Miller Distinguished Service Professor of Finance at the University of Chicago's Booth School * Condoleezza Rice, former

* Henry Rowen, economist (deceased) * Thomas J. Sargent, 2011 Nobel laureate in economics, professor at New York University * Robert Service (historian), Robert Service, historian * John Shoven, economist * Abraham David Sofaer, scholar, former legal advisor to the U.S. Secretary of State *

, economist, author, columnist * Michael Spence, 2001 Nobel laureate in economics * Richard Felix Staar, Richard F. Staar, political scientist, historian * Shelby Steele, author, columnist * John B. Taylor, former United States Secretary of the Treasury, U.S. Undersecretary of the Treasury for international affairs * Barry R. Weingast, political scientist * Bertram Wolfe, author, scholar, former communist, (deceased; 1896–1977) * Amy Zegart, political scientist

Research Fellows

* Ayaan Hirsi Ali, author, scholar and former politician * Clint Bolick, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Arizona * Lanhee Chen, political scientist, health policy expert, former policy director for Mitt Romney * Robert Conquest, historian (deceased) * David Davenport, former president of Pepperdine University * Williamson Evers, education researcher * Paul Roderick Gregory, Paul R. Gregory, Cullen Professor Emeritus in the Department of Economics at the University of Houston * Alice Hill, former federal prosecutor, judge, special assistant to the president, and senior director for the United States National Security Council, National Security Council * Charles Hill (diplomat), Charles Hill, lecturer in International Studies * Tim Kane, economist * Herbert S. Klein, historian * Tod Lindberg, foreign policy expert * Alice L. Miller, political scientist * Shavit Matias, former deputy attorney general of Israel * Abbas Milani, political scientist * Henry I. Miller, physician * Elena Pastorino, economist * Russell Roberts (economist), Russell Roberts, economist, author * Kori Schake, foreign policy expert, author * Kiron Skinner, associate professor of international relations and political science, author * Peter Schweizer, author (former fellow) * Antony C. Sutton, author of ''Western Technology and Soviet Economic Development'' (3 vol), fellow from 1968 to 1973 * Bruce Thornton, American classicist * Tunku Varadarajan, writer and journalist

Distinguished Visiting Fellows

* John Abizaid, former commander of the CENTCOM, U.S. Central Command (former fellow) * Spencer Abraham, former United States Senator, U.S. Senator and Secretary of Energy (former fellow) * Pedro Aspe, Mexican economist, former secretary of finance * Michael R. Auslin, American writer, policy analyst, historian, and Asia expert * Michael D. Bordo, Canadian economist, professor of economics at Rutgers University * Charles Calomiris, financial policy expert, author, and professor at Columbia Business School * Arye Carmon, Founding President and senior fellow at the Israel Democracy Institute (IDI) * Elizabeth Economy, C. V. Starr senior fellow and director for Asia studies at the Council on Foreign Relations * James O. Ellis, former commander, United States Strategic Command * James Goodby, author and former American diplomat * Jim Hoagland, American journalist and two-time recipient of the Pulitzer Prize * Toomas Hendrik Ilves, former President of Estonia * Raymond Jeanloz, professor of earth science, earth and planetary science and of astronomy * Josef Joffe, publisher-editor of the German newspaper ''Die Zeit'' *

, former United States Secretary of State in the administrations of presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford * James Mattis, former commander, CENTCOM, U.S. Central Command and former Secretary of Defense * Allan H. Meltzer, American economist * Edwin Meese, former United States Attorney General, U.S. Attorney General * David C. Mulford, former List of ambassadors of the United States to India, United States Ambassador to India, former Vice-Chairman International of Credit Suisse * Joseph Nye, American political scientist, co-founder of the international relations theory of Neoliberalism (international relations), neoliberalism * Sam Nunn, former United States Senate, United States Senator from Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia * George Osborne, British Conservative Party (UK), Conservative Party politician, former Chancellor of the Exchequer and former House of Commons of the United Kingdom, Member of Parliament (MP) for Tatton (UK Parliament constituency), Tatton * Andrew Roberts (historian), Andrew Roberts, British historian and journalist, Visiting scholar, Visiting Professor at the Department of War Studies, King's College London * Peter Robinson (speechwriter), Peter M. Robinson, American author, research fellow television host, former speechwriter for then-Vice President

and President

* Gary Roughead, former Chief of Naval Operations * Donald Rumsfeld, former United States Secretary of Defense, Secretary of Defense (deceased) * Christopher Stubbs, an Experimental physics, experimental physicist * William Suter, former Clerk of the Supreme Court of the United States * Kevin Warsh, former governor of the Federal Reserve System * Pete Wilson, former

Visiting Fellows

* Alexander Benard, American businessman, lawyer, and commentator on U.S. public policy * Charles Blahous, U.S. public trustee for the Social Security and Medicare programs * Robert J. Hodrick, U.S. economist specialized in International Finance * Markos Kounalakis, Greek Americans, Greek-American journalist, author, scholar, and the Second Lady, Second Gentleman of California * Bjorn Lomborg, Denmark, Danish author, president of Copenhagen Consensus Center * Ellen R. McGrattan, professor of economics at the University of Minnesota * Afshin Molavi, Iranian Americans, Iranian-American author and expert on global geo-political risk and geo-economics * Charles I. Plosser, former president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia * Raj Shah, former White House Office of the Press Secretary, White House Deputy Press Secretary, former Executive Office of the President of the United States#Organization, Deputy Assistant to the President * Alex Stamos, computer scientist, former chief security officer at Facebook * John Yoo, Korean Americans, Korean-American attorney, law professor, former government official, author * Glennys Young, American international relations scholar

Media Fellows

* Tom Bethell, journalist * Sam Dealey, journalist, former editor-in-chief of ''Washington Times'' * Christopher Hitchens, journalist (deceased) * Deroy Murdock, journalist * Mike Pride (writer), Mike Pride, editor emeritus of the ''Concord Monitor'' and former administrator of the Pulitzer Prizes * Christopher Ruddy, CEO of Newsmax Media

National Fellows

* Mark Bils, macroeconomist, National Fellow 1989–90 * Stephen Kotkin, historian, National Fellow 2010–11

Senior Research Fellows

* John H. Bunzel, expert in the field of civil rights, race relations, higher education, US politics, and elections (deceased) * Robert Hessen, historian * James Stockdale, Navy Vice Admiral, Medal of Honor recipient, 1992 US vice presidential candidate (deceased) * Charles Wolf, Jr, economist (deceased) * Edward Teller, physicist (deceased)

Footnotes

References

External links

* *
hoover.org/hila
the Hoover Institution Library and Archives official website
hooverpress.org
the Hoover Institution Press's official website
definingideas.org
a Hoover Institution online journal

(provided by RePEc) *
advancingafreesociety.org
the Hoover Institution's blog of research and opinion on current policy matters
Video of Hoover Institution events and ''Uncommon Knowledge''
at YouTube
Video of Hoover Institution events
at FORA.tv
Hoover Institution FBI files
hosted at the Internet Archive {{Coord, 37.4271, -122.1664, display=title Hoover Institution, Organizations established in 1919 Political and economic think tanks in the United States Foreign policy and strategy think tanks in the United States Non-profit organizations based in California National Humanities Medal recipients Conservative organisations in the United Kingdom 1919 establishments in California Conservative organizations in the United States Conservatism in the United Kingdom

History

Early history

Expansion and later history

Reagan governorship (1967–1975) and presidency (1981–1989)

Trump administration (2017–2021)

Present

Campus

Publications

Funding

Details

Members

Directors

Honorary Fellows

Distinguished Fellows

Senior Fellows

Research Fellows

Distinguished Visiting Fellows

Visiting Fellows

Media Fellows

National Fellows

Senior Research Fellows

Footnotes

See also

References

Further reading

External links