Hong Chi-jung (1667–1732) was a scholar-official and
Prime Minister of the
Joseon Dynasty Korea in the 18th century from 1729 to 1732.
He was also
diplomat
A diplomat (from grc, δίπλωμα; romanized ''diploma'') is a person appointed by a state or an intergovernmental institution such as the United Nations or the European Union to conduct diplomacy with one or more other states or internati ...
and
ambassador
An ambassador is an official envoy, especially a high-ranking diplomat who represents a state and is usually accredited to another sovereign state or to an international organization as the resident representative of their own government or sov ...
, representing
Joseon
Joseon (; ; Middle Korean: 됴ᇢ〯션〮 Dyǒw syéon or 됴ᇢ〯션〯 Dyǒw syěon), officially the Great Joseon (; ), was the last dynastic kingdom of Korea, lasting just over 500 years. It was founded by Yi Seong-gye in July 1392 and re ...
interests in the 9th
Edo period diplomatic mission to the
Tokugawa shogunate in Japan.
[Walraven, Boudewijn ''et al.'' (2007). ''Korea in the middle: Korean studies and area studies,'' p. 361; Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''Annales des empereurs du japon,'' p. 417; n.b., the name ''Kô tsi tsiou'' is a pre-]Hepburn
Hepburn may refer to:
Surname
People with the surname Hepburn (the most famous in recent times being actresses Katharine Hepburn and Audrey Hepburn):
* Hepburn (surname)
Linguistics
* Hepburn romanization, a system for the romanization of Japa ...
Japanese transliteration and ''Hong tschi tchoung'' is a pre-McCune–Reischauer
McCune–Reischauer romanization () is one of the two most widely used Korean language romanization systems. A modified version of McCune–Reischauer was the official romanization system in South Korea until 2002, when it was replaced by the Re ...
, Korean romanization devised by Julius Klaproth and Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat in 1834.
1719 mission to Japan
In 1719, King
Sukjong Sukjong () is the temple name of several Korean kings. It can refer to:
* Sukjong of Goryeo (1095-1105)
* Sukjong of Joseon
Sukjong of Joseon (7 October 1661 – 12 July 1720) was the 19th King of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea, ruling from 1674 un ...
dispatched a diplomatic mission to the shogunal court of
Tokugawa Yoshimune.
[Walraven, p. 361.] This diplomatic mission functioned to the advantage of both the Japanese and the Koreans as a channel for developing a political foundation for trade.
This delegation was explicitly identified by the Joseon court as a "Communication Envoy" (''tongsinsa''). The mission was understood to signify that relations were "normalized."
The Joseon embassy arrived in Kyoto on the 10th month of the 4th year of ''
Kyōhō
, also pronounced Kyōho, was a after '' Shōtoku'' and before '' Gembun.'' This period spanned the years from July 1716 through April 1736. The reigning emperors were and .
Change of era
* 1716 : The era name of ''Kyōhō'' (meaning "Underg ...
'', according to the Japanese calendar in use at that time.
[Titsingh, p. 417.] Hong Chi-jung was the chief envoy.
Recognition in the West
Pak Tong-chi's historical significance was confirmed when his mission and his name was specifically mentioned in a widely distributed history published by the Oriental Translation Fund in 1834.
In the West, early published accounts of the Joseon kingdom are not extensive, but they are found in ''
Sangoku Tsūran Zusetsu'' (published in Paris in 1832),
[Vos, Ken]
"Accidental acquisitions: The nineteenth-century Korean collections in the National Museum of Ethnology, Part 1,"
p. 6. and in
''Nihon ōdai ichiran'' (published in Paris in 1834). Joseon foreign relations and diplomacy are explicitly referenced in the 1834 work.
See also
*
Yeonguijeong
*
Joseon diplomacy
*
Joseon missions to Japan
*
Joseon tongsinsa
Notes
References
* Daehwan, Noh
"The Eclectic Development of Neo-Confucianism and Statecraft from the 18th to the 19th Century,"''Korea Journal'' (Winter 2003).
* Lewis, James Bryant. (2003). ''Frontier contact between chosŏn Korea and Tokugawa Japan.'' London:
Routledge.
*
Titsingh, Isaac, ed. (1834).
iyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652">Hayashi_Gahō.html" ;"title="iyun-sai Rin-siyo/
iyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652 ''Nipon o daï itsi ran">Hayashi Gahō">iyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652">Hayashi_Gahō.html" ;"title="iyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō">iyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652 ''Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou
Annales des empereurs du Japon.' Paris: Royal Asiatic Society">Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland
OCLC 84067437* Walker, Brett L
"Foreign Affairs and Frontiers in Early Modern Japan: A Historiographical Essay,"''Early Modern Japan.'' Fall, 2002, pp. 44–62, 124-128.
* Walraven, Boudewijn and Remco E. Breuker. (2007). ''Korea in the middle: Korean studies and area studies; Essays in Honour of Boudewijn Walraven.'' Leiden: CNWS Publications. ;
External links
Joseon Tongsinsa Cultural Exchange Association 조선통신사연구 (''Journal of Studies in Joseon Tongsinsa'')
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hong, Chi-Jung
1667 births
1732 deaths
18th-century Korean people
Korean diplomats
Namyang Hong clan, Chi-jung