''Holothuria'' is the type

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

of the marine animal

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Holothuriidae Holothuriidae is a family of sea cucumbers, a type of echinoderm. Description Members of the family Holothuriidae have thick fleshy bodies and several rows of tube feet which are used for moving around and for adhering to the surface. The body ...

, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as

sea cucumbers Sea cucumbers are echinoderms from the class Holothuroidea (). They are marine animals with a leathery skin and an elongated body containing a single, branched gonad. Sea cucumbers are found on the sea floor worldwide. The number of holothuria ...

. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied, limbless

invertebrate Invertebrates are a paraphyletic group of animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a ''backbone'' or ''spine''), derived from the notochord. This is a grouping including all animals apart from the chordate ...

s that dwell on the ocean floor and are usually

detritivore Detritivores (also known as detrivores, detritophages, detritus feeders, or detritus eaters) are heterotrophs that obtain nutrients by consuming detritus (decomposing plant and animal parts as well as feces). There are many kinds of invertebrates, ...

. They resemble a

cucumber Cucumber (''Cucumis sativus'') is a widely-cultivated Vine#Horticultural climbing plants, creeping vine plant in the Cucurbitaceae family that bears usually cylindrical Fruit, fruits, which are used as culinary vegetables.

in form. The genus contains some species that are harvested and sold as food.

Species

The following species are recognised in the genus ''Holothuria'': * Subgenus ''Acanthotrapeza'' ** '' Holothuria coluber'' ** ''

Holothuria kubaryi ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

'' ** ''

Holothuria pyxis ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

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Holothuria tripilata ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

'' * Subgenus ''Cystipus'' ** ''

Holothuria casoae ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

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Holothuria cubana ''Holothuria (Cystipus) cubana'' is a species of sea cucumber in the family Holothuriidae. This species was first described by Ludwig in 1875. Description ''Holothuria cubana'' live at a depth of 0–7 meters and grow to a length of 15 cm. ...

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Holothuria dura ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

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Holothuria hartmeyeri ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

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Holothuria inhabilis ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

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Holothuria jousseaumei ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

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Holothuria mammosa ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

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Holothuria occidentalis ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

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Holothuria pseudofossor ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

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Holothuria rigida ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

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Holothuria sucosa ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

'' ** '' Holothuria turrisimperfecta'' * Subgenus ''Halodeima'' ** ''

Holothuria atra ''Holothuria atra'', commonly known as the black sea cucumber or lollyfish, is a species of marine invertebrate in the family Holothuriidae. It was placed in the subgenus ''Halodeima'' by Pearson in 1914, making its full scientific name ''Holothu ...

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Holothuria edulis ''Holothuria edulis'', commonly known as the edible sea cucumber or the pink and black sea cucumber, is a species of echinoderm in the family Holothuriidae. It was placed in the subgenus ''Halodeima'' by Pearson in 1914, making its full scientifi ...

'' ** '' Holothuria enalia'' ** ''

Holothuria floridana ''Holothuria floridana'', the Florida sea cucumber, is a species of marine invertebrate in the Family (biology), family Holothuriidae. It is found on the seabed just below the low tide mark in Florida, the Gulf of Mexico, the Bahamas and the Cari ...

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Holothuria grisea ''Holothuria grisea'', the gray sea cucumber, is a mid-sized coastal species of sea cucumber found in shallow tropical waters of the Atlantic Ocean from Florida to Southern Brazil and West Africa. They have a variety in color and can range from r ...

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Holothuria inornata ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal Family (biology), family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. Th ...

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Holothuria kefersteinii ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

'' ** '' Holothuria manningi'' ** '' Holothuria mexicana'' ** ''

Holothuria nigralutea ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

'' ** '' Holothuria pulla'' ** ''

Holothuria signata ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal Family (biology), family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. Th ...

'' * Subgenus ''Holothuria'' ** '' Holothuria caparti'' ** '' Holothuria dakarensis'' ** '' Holothuria fungosa'' ** '' Holothuria helleri'' ** '' Holothuria mammata'' ** '' Holothuria massaspicula'' ** '' Holothuria stellati'' ** '' Holothuria tubulosa'' * Subgenus ''Lessonothuria'' ** '' Holothuria cavans'' ** '' Holothuria cumulus'' ** '' Holothuria duoturricula'' ** ''

Holothuria glandifera ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

'' ** '' Holothuria immobilis'' ** ''

Holothuria insignis ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

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Holothuria lineata ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

'' ** '' Holothuria multipilula'' ** ''

Holothuria pardalis ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

'' ** '' Holothuria tuberculata'' ** '' Holothuria verrucosa'' * Subgenus ''Mertensiothuria'' ** '' Holothuria albofusca'' ** ''

Holothuria aphanes ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

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Holothuria arenacava ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

'' ** '' Holothuria artensis'' ** '' Holothuria fuscorubra'' ** '' Holothuria hilla'' ** ''

Holothuria isuga ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

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Holothuria leucospilota ''Holothuria leucospilota'', commonly known as the black sea cucumber or black tarzan, is a species of marine invertebrate in the family Holothuriidae. It is placed in the subgenus ''Mertensiothuria'' making its full scientific name ''Holothuria ...

'' ** '' Holothuria viridiaurantia'' * Subgenus ''Metriatyla'' ** '' Holothuria aculeata'' ** '' Holothuria albiventer'' ** ''

Holothuria alex ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

'' ** '' Holothuria brauni'' ** ''

Holothuria conica ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

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Holothuria cyrielle ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

'' ** '' Holothuria horrida'' ** '' Holothuria keesingi'' ** ''

Holothuria lessoni ''Holothuria lessoni'', the golden sandfish, is a species of sea cucumber in the genus ''Holothuria'', subgenus ''Metriatyla''. This sea cucumber inhabits the shallow waters of the Indo-Pacific Ocean The Indo-Pacific is a vast biogeograph ...

'' ** '' Holothuria martensii'' ** ''

Holothuria scabra ''Holothuria scabra'', or sandfish, is a species of sea cucumber in the family Holothuriidae. It was placed in the subgenus ''Metriatyla'' by Rowe in 1969 and is the type species of the subgenus. Sandfish are harvested and processed into "beche- ...

'' ** '' Holothuria submersa'' ** '' Holothuria tortonesei'' * Subgenus ''Microthele'' ** ''

Holothuria fuscogilva ''Holothuria (Microthele) fuscogilva'', also known as the white teatfish or white teeth, is a species of sea cucumber in the genus ''Holothuria'', subgenus ''Microthele''. The cucumber is found in the tropical waters of the Indo-Pacific ocean. The ...

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Holothuria fuscopunctata ''Holothuria fuscopunctata'', the elephant trunkfish, is a species of sea cucumber in the family Holothuriidae native to shallow water in the tropical Indo-Pacific. It is placed in the subgenus ''Microthele'', making its full name ''Holothuria ( ...

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Holothuria nobilis ''Holothuria'' (''Microthele'') ''nobilis'', the black teatfish, is a species of sea cucumber in the genus ''Holothuria''. The cucumber is found in the tropical waters of the Indo-pacific ocean. It was first described by Emil Selenka Emil Selen ...

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Holothuria whitmaei ''Holothuria (Microthele) whitmaei'', commonly known as the black teatfish, is a species of sea cucumber in the family Holothuriidae. The sea cucumber is distributed in the western Indian and Pacific oceans, with specimens being found off of Tan ...

'' * Subgenus ''Panningothuria'' ** '' Holothuria austrinabassa'' ** ''

Holothuria forskali ''Holothuria forskali'', the black sea cucumber or cotton-spinner, is a species of sea cucumber in the family Holothuriidae. It is found at shallow depths in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. It was placed in the subgenus ''Pa ...

'' * Subgenus ''Platyperona'' ** ''

Holothuria crosnieri ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

'' ** '' Holothuria difficilis'' ** ''

Holothuria excellens ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

'' ** '' Holothuria insolita'' ** ''

Holothuria parvula ''Holothuria parvula'', the golden sea cucumber, is a species of echinoderm in the class Holothuroidea. It was first described by Emil Selenka in 1867 and has since been placed in the subgenus ''Platyperona'', making its full scientific name ''Ho ...

'' ) ** '' Holothuria rowei'' ** '' Holothuria samoana'' ** ''

Holothuria sanctori ''Holothuria sanctori'' is a species of sea cucumber in the genus ''Holothuria ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus ar ...

'' * Subgenus ''Roweothuria'' ** '' Holothuria arguinensis'' ** ''

Holothuria poli ''Holothuria (Roweothuria) poli'', also known as the white spot cucumber, is a species of sea cucumber in the family Holothuridae and the subgenus ''Roweothuria.'' The species was first described by the Italian doctor and naturalist Stefano del ...

'' ** '' Holothuria vemae'' * Subgenus ''Selenkothuria'' ** '' Holothuria bacilla'' ** ''

Holothuria carere ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

'' ** '' Holothuria erinacea'' ** '' Holothuria glaberrima'' ** ''

Holothuria lubrica ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

'' ** '' Holothuria mactanensis'' ** '' Holothuria moebii'' ** ''

Holothuria parva ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

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Holothuria parvispinea ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

'' ** '' Holothuria portovallartensis'' ** '' Holothuria sinica'' ** '' Holothuria theeli'' ** '' Holothuria vittalonga'' * Subgenus ''Semperothuria'' ** '' Holothuria cinerascens'' ** '' Holothuria flavomaculata'' ** ''

Holothuria granosa ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

'' ** '' Holothuria imitans'' ** '' Holothuria languens'' ** ''

Holothuria roseomaculata ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

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Holothuria surinamensis ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

'' * Subgenus ''Stauropora'' ** '' Holothuria aemula'' ** ''

Holothuria annulifera ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

'' ** '' Holothuria bo'' ** '' Holothuria discrepans'' ** ''

Holothuria dofleinii ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

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Holothuria fuscocinerea ''Holothuria fuscocinerea'', the ashy pink sea cucumber, is a species of sea cucumber in the family Holothuriidae. It is placed in the subgenus ''Stauropora'', making its full name ''Holothuria'' (''Stauropora'') ''fuscocinerea''. It is native to ...

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Holothuria hawaiiensis ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

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Holothuria mitis ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

'' ** '' Holothuria modesta'' ** '' Holothuria olivacea'' ** ''

Holothuria pervicax ''Holothuria pervicax'' is a species of sea cucumber in the genus ''Holothuria''. It is commonly called the stubborn sea cucumber due to its inability to be kept alive in captivity. It is commonly found buried beneath rocks on reefs in warm water ...

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Holothuria pluricuriosa ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

'' * Subgenus '' Stichothuria'' ** '' Holothuria coronopertusa'' * Subgenus ''Theelothuria'' ** '' Holothuria asperita'' ** ''

Holothuria cadelli ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

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Holothuria duoturriforma ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

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Holothuria foresti ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

'' ** '' Holothuria hamata'' ** '' Holothuria imperator'' ** '' Holothuria klunzingeri'' ** '' Holothuria kurti'' ** '' Holothuria longicosta'' ** ''

Holothuria maculosa ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

'' ** '' Holothuria michaelseni'' ** ''

Holothuria notabilis ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

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Holothuria paraprinceps ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

'' ** '' Holothuria princeps'' ** '' Holothuria pseudonotabilis'' ** ''

Holothuria spinifera ''Holothuria spinifera'', the brown sandfish, is a species of sea cucumber in the family Holothuriidae. It is placed in the subgenus ''Theelothuria'', making its full name ''Holothuria'' (''Theelothuria'') ''spinifera''. In India it is known as ' ...

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Holothuria squamifera ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

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Holothuria turriscelsa ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

'' * Subgenus ''Thymiosycia'' ** ''

Holothuria altaturricula ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

'' ** '' Holothuria arenicola'' ** '' Holothuria conusalba'' ** '' Holothuria gracilis'' ** ''

Holothuria impatiens ''Holothuria (Thymiosycia) impatiens'', commonly known as the impatient sea cucumber or bottleneck sea cucumber, is a species of sea cucumber in the genus ''Holothuria'', subgenus ''Thymiosycia''. Description ''Holothuria impatiens'' has an elon ...

'' ** '' Holothuria macroperona'' ** '' Holothuria marginata'' ** ''

Holothuria milloti ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

'' ** '' Holothuria minax'' ** '' Holothuria remollescens'' ** '' Holothuria strigosa'' ** '' Holothuria thomasi'' ** '' Holothuria truncata'' ** '' Holothuria unicolor'' ** ''

Holothuria zihuatanensis ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

'' * Subgenus '' Vaneyothuria'' ** ''

Holothuria integra ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

'' ** '' Holothuria lentiginosa'' ** '' Holothuria sinefibula'' ** ''

Holothuria suspecta ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

'' ** '' Holothuria unica'' ** ''

Holothuria zacae ''Holothuria'' is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft bodied ...

'' * Subgenus ''

incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty ...

'' (uncertain placement) ** '' Holothuria platei'' ** '' Holothuria pyxoides''

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q1408044 Holothuriidae Holothuroidea genera