Hokmavar (
Azerbaijani: Hökmavar or Hökmabad,
Persian
Persian may refer to:
* People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language
** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples
** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...
: حکم آباد, also Hokmabad) is an old and historic district, located in northwest of
Tabriz
Tabriz ( fa, تبریز ; ) is a city in northwestern Iran, serving as the capital of East Azerbaijan Province. It is the List of largest cities of Iran, sixth-most-populous city in Iran. In the Quri Chay, Quru River valley in Iran's historic Aze ...
,
Azerbaijan of Iran. Hokmavar is restricted to
Sham Qazan and
Akhini neighbourhoods in south,
Jamshidabad neighbourhood in north,
Vijaviya and
Bahar neighbourhoods in east and
Qaramalek neighbourhoods in west.
Hokmavar has been mentioned in historic Persian
travel literature
The genre of travel literature encompasses outdoor literature, guide books, nature writing, and travel memoirs.
One early travel memoirist in Western literature was Pausanias, a Greek geographer of the 2nd century CE. In the early modern period ...
. Hokmavar was originally a village near Tabriz, however with the expansion of the city within last decade it has become a neighbourhood of Tabriz. Old Hokmavar village had two gates and four squares which were destroyed mostly within the last decades of gentrification. There are still several historic mosques remaining in Hokmavar. Hokmavar historical bath has been saved. During the
Iranian constitutional revolution
The Persian Constitutional Revolution ( fa, مشروطیت, Mashrūtiyyat, or ''Enghelāb-e Mashrūteh''), also known as the Constitutional Revolution of Iran, took place between 1905 and 1911. The revolution led to the establishment of a par ...
, Hokmavar was an important resistance center against
Mohammad Ali Shah
Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar ( fa, محمدعلی شاه قاجار; 21 June 1872 – 5 April 1925, San Remo, Italy), Shah of Iran from 8 January 1907 to 16 July 1909. He was the sixth shah of the Qajar dynasty.
Biography
Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar ...
's forces.
Ahmad Kasravi
Ahmad Hokmabadi Tabrizi ( fa, سید احمد حکمآبادی تبریزی, Ahmad-e Hokmabadi-ye Tabrizi; 29 September 1890 – 11 March 1946), later known as Ahmad Kasravi ( fa, احمد کسروی, Ahmad-e Kasravi), was a pre-eminent Irani ...
, who was born and grown up in Hokmavar, has documented his memories of the constitutional revolution in one of his book
History of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution
''History of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution'' ( fa, تاریخ مشروطهٔ ایران) is a non-fiction book by the Iranian historian Ahmad Kasravi. Cited as the most accurate account of the Persian Constitutional Revolution, it chronicl ...
. During
Iran-Iraq war 200 participants from Hokmavar in the war have been killed and also Hokmavar was bombarded in 1986.
Hokmavar is the main
olericulture
Olericulture is the science of vegetable growing, dealing with the culture of non-woody (herbaceous) plants for food.
Olericulture is the production of plants for use of the edible parts. Vegetable crops can be classified into nine major categor ...
center of Tabriz, due to its large vegetable farms, which partially have survived the city expansion. At least since
Pahlavi
Pahlavi may refer to:
Iranian royalty
*Seven Parthian clans, ruling Parthian families during the Sasanian Empire
*Pahlavi dynasty, the ruling house of Imperial State of Persia/Iran from 1925 until 1979
**Reza Shah, Reza Shah Pahlavi (1878–1944 ...
period, Tabriz municipality has had a plan to change the farms into a large park, Tabriz Grand Park, however, the plan was postponed several times. Within last decade, Tabriz municipality has captured some of Hokmavar's farms, claiming that they will be changed into a park. However, part of those captured lands have been changed into
settlement
Settlement may refer to:
*Human settlement, a community where people live
*Settlement (structural), the distortion or disruption of parts of a building
* Closing (real estate), the final step in executing a real estate transaction
*Settlement (fin ...
land use
Land use involves the management and modification of natural environment or wilderness into built environment such as settlements and semi-natural habitats such as arable fields, pastures, and managed woods. Land use by humans has a long h ...
and new neighbourhood of
Nezampezeski has been established. Similarly, majority of Tabriz's historic gardens in its old neighbourhoods have been changed into settlements. Recently, a few of the farms of Hokmavar has been changed into a park and a road has been built in the middle of the farms. On 8 August 2015, a group of Hokmavar farmers had a protest against Tabriz municipality plans.
A poetry book on Hokmavar, called
Hokmavar Nameh, has been written by a native of Hokmavar.
Etymology
There are several opinions on the
etymology
Etymology ()The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) – p. 633 "Etymology /ˌɛtɪˈmɒlədʒi/ the study of the class in words and the way their meanings have changed throughout time". is the study of the history of the Phonological chan ...
of Hokmavar. Some consider it as composed of two
Azerbaijani words: "Hami (all)" and "Kavar (vegetable, olericulture), and the name of district can also be related to Avar.
Dehkhoda dictionary
The ''Dehkhoda Dictionary'' ( fa, لغتنامهٔ دهخدا) is the largest comprehensive Persian encyclopedic dictionary ever published, comprising 200 volumes. It is published by the Tehran University Press (UTP) under the supervision of ...
translates the Persian word حکم آباد (Hokmabad) into vegetable farm. It is also mentioned to be originated from
middle Persian
Middle Persian or Pahlavi, also known by its endonym Pārsīk or Pārsīg () in its later form, is a Western Middle Iranian language which became the literary language of the Sasanian Empire. For some time after the Sasanian collapse, Middle Per ...
, meaning beautiful garden cottage. According to Ahmad Kasravi in his controversial book on the etymology of the names of the Iranian cities and villages
"avar" means place. and therefore Hokmavar means place of ruling. It has also been mentioned that Hokmavar comes from Azerbaijani words meaning "walls made out of brick and stone in a special form" and then has been
persianized
Persianization () or Persification (; fa, پارسیسازی), is a sociological process of cultural change in which a non-Persian society becomes "Persianate", meaning it either directly adopts or becomes strongly influenced by the Persian ...
.
Notable Characters
*
Ahmad Kasravi
Ahmad Hokmabadi Tabrizi ( fa, سید احمد حکمآبادی تبریزی, Ahmad-e Hokmabadi-ye Tabrizi; 29 September 1890 – 11 March 1946), later known as Ahmad Kasravi ( fa, احمد کسروی, Ahmad-e Kasravi), was a pre-eminent Irani ...
References
{{coord missing, East Azerbaijan Province
Districts of Tabriz