Hod HaSharon

Hod HaSharon ( he, הוֹד הַשָּׁרוֹן, lit. "Splendor of the Sharon plain") is a city in the Central District of Israel. The city is located approximately east of the Mediterranean coastline, south of Kfar Saba, southeast of Raanana, and northeast of Ramat HaSharon.

Hod HaSharon was officially formed and made a local council in 1964 by the merging of four '' moshavot'': Magdiel, Ramatayim, Hadar, and Ramat Hadar.''Encyclopedia Judaica'', Keter Publishing House, Jerusalem, 1972, Vol. 8, p. 802, "Hod Ha-Sharon" The land area of Hod HaSharon is , and according to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), in the city had a total population of .

History

Before the 20^th century, the area of Hod HaSharon formed part of the Forest of Sharon, a hallmark of the region’s historical landscape. It was an open woodland dominated by Mount Tabor Oak (Quercus ithaburensis), which extended from Kfar Yona in the north to Ra’ananna in the south. The local Arab inhabitants traditionally used the area for pasture, firewood and intermittent cultivation. The intensification of settlement and agriculture in the coastal plain during the 19^th century led to deforestation and subsequent environmental degradation known from Hebrew sources.

Hod HaSharon was created in 1964 through a merger of Magdiel with ''Hadar Ramatayim'', an administrative body which encompassed the former moshavot of Ramatayim, Hadar and Ramat Hadar. Hod Hasharon was governed by a local council until it was declared a city in April 1990.

A 1,300 year old olive oil factory of mason-worked blocks was unearthed in Hod Hasharon. The leader of the excavation team Durar Masarwa stated, "We discovered the surface on which olive oil was extracted as well as a network of pipes, canals and holes that drained the liquid oil."

Magdiel

Magdiel was founded on August 2, 1924 by a group of 12 Ashkenazi families. They received a plot of land from Yehoshua Hankin which they cultivated and prepared for farming. Magdiel was established as a ''moshava'', starting on 4,000 dunams of land purchased near the Arab village of Biyar 'Adas. The initial population included Jewish immigrants from Russia, Poland and Lithuania, later joined by a group from the Netherlands.

Ramatayim

Ramatayim was founded in July 1925 by immigrants from Poland. It was founded on the principle of private initiative. Ramatayim was built on two hills connected by a valley, hence the name Ramatayim, literally 'two hills'.
According to a census conducted in 1931 by the British Mandate authorities, Ramatayim had a population of 180, in 31 houses.Mills, 1932, p
15
/ref> In 1949, Ramatayim became the first local council to be established in Israel.

Hadar

Hadar was established in 1927 by Yael Leah Eichhorn, a middle-class immigrant from Eastern Europe, who was joined soon after by a group of Italian Jews. The land was purchased from the Abou Kishk Bedouin tribe. The pioneers decided to build a rural settlement based on citrus crops (hence the village's name, "Hadar" being Hebrew for "citrus"). In its early years, the farmers of Hadar also engaged in poultry farming. According to the 1931 census Hadar had 71 inhabitants, all Jews, in 23 houses. In the early 1940s, Yemenite immigrants moved to Hadar, establishing the ''Shikun Hateymanim'' quarter, today part of the Gannei Tzvi neighborhood. In 1951, Ramatayim and Hadar merged to form Hadar Ramatayim. In April 1956, the boundaries of Hadar Ramatayim were extended to include the ma'abara of Ganei Tzvi, established in the end of 1948 Arab–Israeli War as ''Kfar Nitzahon'', and renamed earlier in 1956 after Lord Harry (Tzvi) Morris of Kenwood, a major donor of the Jewish National Fund.

Ramat Hadar

Ramat Hadar was established in December 1938 by middle-class immigrants from Nazi Germany, members of the Fifth Aliyah. Ramat Hadar was built on a hill south of Hadar, near the main road from Petah Tikva to Ramatayim (nowadays road 402). The economy of Ramat Hadar was based on small farms, mainly poultry farming, and citrus orchards. Ramat Hadar had its own post office between 1959 and 1989. In 1963, Ramat Hadar became part of Hadar Ramatayim.

File:Biyar 'Adas 1942.jpg, Ramatayim 1942 1:20,000
File:Hash Sharon 1942.jpg, Hadar 1942 1:20,000
File:רמתיים (הוד השרון) - מראה-JNF006952.jpeg, Ramatayim 1945
File:Herzliya 1945.jpg, Hadar 1945 1:250,000

Demographics

In 2006, the ethnic makeup of the city was 99.9% Jewish, with no significant Arab population. The population density of Hod HaSharon is the lowest in the Sharon Plain. The population growth rate in 2006 was 3.3%. According to the CBS, , there were 18,612 salaried workers and 2,006 are self-employed in the city.

Schools and religious institutions

According to the CBS, there are 18 schools and 8,083 students in the city:
12 elementary schools: The Democratic School, HaMagen, Yigal Alon, Lapid, Shilo, Mamlachti Alef, Neve Ne'eman, Rabin, Re'ut, Tali, Ha'Yarok in the name of Ariel Sharon, and Begin (4,406 students).
4 middle schools: HaRishonim, HaShachar, Atidim and Tzurim (1,628 students). A fifth middle school, HaShkimim opened in 2018.
5 high schools: Hadarim, Alexander Muss High School in Israel, Ramon, Mosenson and Na'amat (2,049 students).
71.7% of the city's 12th graders were entitled to a matriculation certificate in 2001.

Mosenson Youth Village accepts both Israelis and overseas students. The Alexander Muss High School in Israel offers a program for American high school students who spend two months to a year in Israel. Each year approximately half of the tenth grade class from the Milken Community High School in Los Angeles, CA, come to Hod Hasharon to study for a semester along with this program.

Transport

Hod HaSharon is roughly bounded by Highway 531 in the north, Highway 40 in the east, Highway 5 in the south and Highway 4 in the west. Road 402 runs through the city. The city is served by two railway stations, Hod HaSharon Sokolov and Kfar Sava Nordau.

Twin towns – sister cities

Hod HaSharon is twinned with:
* Dorsten, Germany

Notable people

* Adi Altschuler (born 1986), educator and a social entrepreneur
* Ron Arad (born 1958), Israeli Air Force weapon systems officer; classified as missing in action since 1986
*Danny Ayalon (born 1955), politician and former Israeli ambassador to the United States
*Netta Barzilai (born 1993), singer, winner of the Eurovision Song Contest in
* Shahar Biran (born 1998), tennis player
*Dor Daniel (born 1982), singer-songwriter
*Gedalia Gal (born 1933), farmer and former politician and member of the Israeli Knesset
* Eliran George (born 1992), footballer
*Shira Haas (born 1995), actress
* Keren Hadar (born 1975), soprano singer
* Yifat Kariv (born 1973), member of the Israeli Knesset and social worker
*Keren Leibovitch (born 1973), champion Paralympic swimmer
* Yaniv Luzon (born 1981), footballer
*Noam Mills (born 1986), female Israeli Olympic fencer
*Bar Refaeli (born 1985), model and actress
*Udi Spielman (born 1951), singer and Chazzan
* Ehud "Udi" Tenenbaum (born 1979), software cracker, also known as The Analyzer
*Avihai Yadin (born 1986), footballer
*Imri Ziv (born 1991), singer

References

External links

Official municipal website

Official Youth Council website

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Cities in Central District (Israel)
Cities in Israel
Sharon plain