The Hockley Forge and Mill are a collection of colonial-era industrial buildings along the

Patapsco River The Patapsco River mainstem is a U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline dataThe National Map , accessed April 1, 2011 river in central Maryland that flows into the Chesapeake Bay. The river's tidal port ...

near modern

Elkridge, Maryland Elkridge is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Howard County, Maryland, United States. The population was 15,593 at the 2010 census. Founded early in the 18th century, Elkridge is adjacent to two other counties, A ...

. Located at the river's

head of navigation The head of navigation is the farthest point above the mouth of a river that can be navigated by ships. Determining the head of navigation can be subjective on many streams, as the point may vary greatly with the size or the draft of the ship be ...

, the site is a flat section of land along the

valley with steep embankments on either side. At its 19th-century peak, the site held more than 30 industrial buildings. Initially, the site was the Patapsco crossing of the "Old Indian Road" surveyed by Oliver Cromwell in 1734. In 1760, the forge site was surveyed by Edward Norwood; the forge itself was founded June 14 by

Charles Carroll of Carrollton Charles Carroll (September 19, 1737 – November 14, 1832), known as Charles Carroll of Carrollton or Charles Carroll III, was an Irish-American politician, planter, and signatory of the Declaration of Independence. He was the only Catholic sign ...

as the "Baltimore Company. Other partners included Charles Carroll of Duddington, Daniel and Walter Dulany,

Charles Carroll (barrister) Charles Carroll (22 March 1723 – 23 March 1783) was an American statesman from Annapolis, Maryland. He was the builder of the Baltimore Colonial home Mount Clare (1760), and a delegate to the Second Continental Congress in 1776 and 1777. ...

and

Benjamin Tasker, Sr. Benjamin Tasker Sr. ( – June 19, 1768) was the 21st Proprietary Governor of Province of Maryland, Maryland from 1752 to 1753. He also occupied a number of other significant colonial offices, including, on various occasions, being elected Mayor ...

who also operated two other forges. Operated by slaves, the forge produced goods to replace ones imported from England. When the old Baltimore forge burned down in April 1772, slaves were sent to work at the Hockley Forge. In 1781, the state of Maryland seized the company once owned in part by two Dulany cousins who were loyal to the British. Dan Dulany of Baltimore owned a remaining interest in the forge, and wrote the state to reimburse him for the loss in value due to losses sustained by loyalists in the colonial war. He cited that at the time, the forge property contained 100 acres and was operated by 98 slaves valued at 40 pounds each. Forge work depended on a declining supply of coal and wood which idled the plant in 1783. In 1794, Christopher Johnston purchased the property and sold the equipment from the

slitting mill The slitting mill was a watermill for slitting bars of iron into rods. The rods then were passed to nailers who made the rods into nails, by giving them a point and head. The slitting mill was probably invented near Liège in what is now Belg ...

to George Elliott for his upstream mill in 1807. The property was auctioned on September 16, 1819, renovated by the Carroll and Oliver families and resold in 1822. A large distillery operation was put into operation by John McKim Jr. which ceased by 1833 when the Thomas Viaduct construction began. The mill continued in operation by George T Worthington until a fire in 1856. In 1868, a major flood damaged the four-story mill. The Levering family acquired the site and sold it in 1876 to the Viaduct Manufacturing Company. A street through the site is now named Levering Avenue. From 1906-1910, a 20-by-30-foot room was rented to Marion B. Davis, who manufactured brass screw threads and socket assemblies for automobiles delivered by horse and carriage. The Viaduct Company produced telegraph equipment onsite until it was abandoned in 1914. Since 1914, most of the remaining buildings have been demolished or destroyed by fire or flood.

Buildings

(Maryland State Archives) ;Hockley Forge :1760 - Built of stone ;Saw Mill :Built before 1794 - Frame construction ;Hockley-in-the-Hole (of Howard County) :One-story brick structure, 42 by 15 feet, built by 1798. Named after a separate land tract called "Hockley-in-the-Hole" by patented by Edward Dorsey in 1664. ;Dairy, Smokehouse, Log Kitchen, (2) Frame Kitchens, (3) Wood construction Oat Houses :Multiple supporting buildings built before 1798 ;Grist Mill :Built prior to 1794 - Four-story brick construction, 60 by 44 feet, burned in 1851, damaged or destroyed by flood on July 24, 1868. ;Slittling Mill :Built before 1798, 45 by 24 feet, stone :Blacksmith shop :Built before 1798, 30 by 16 feet, Stone construction ;Saw Mill :Frame construction - 46 by 14 feet Built prior to 1798 ;Stable :Log building 25 by 18 feet built prior to 1798 ;Kitchen :Brick construction - built prior to 1829 ;Distillery :Built in 1829 - 102 by 42 brick construction, ceased in 1833 ;Malt House :Built in 1829 - ceased in 1833 ;Cooper's Shop :Built prior to 1829 ;(5) Slave quarters, Barn and Stables :Built prior to 1829 ;

Thomas Viaduct The Thomas Viaduct spans the Patapsco River and Patapsco Valley between Relay, Maryland and Elkridge, Maryland, USA. It was commissioned by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O); built between July 4, 1833, and July 4, 1835; and named for Philip ...

:Curving stone arch bridge built in 1833 running across the river valley at the Hockley Forge site to start the first leg of the

Baltimore and Ohio Railroad The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad was the first common carrier railroad and the oldest railroad in the United States, with its first section opening in 1830. Merchants from Baltimore, which had benefited to some extent from the construction of ...

. ;Grist Mill :Two story flour mill built on East side of viaduct in 1852 ;Grist Mill House :Telescoping structure with slave quarters.

References

{{National Register of Historic Places in Maryland Houses completed in 1760 Howard County, Maryland landmarks Houses in Howard County, Maryland Elkridge, Maryland Slave cabins and quarters in the United States

Buildings

See also

References