Hitosa ( om, Heexxoosaa) is one of the
Aanaa
Districts of Ethiopia, also called woredas ( am, ወረዳ; ''woreda''), are the third level of the administrative divisions of Ethiopia – after ''zones'' and the '' regional states''.
These districts are further subdivided into a number of ...
s in the
Oromia Regional State
Oromia (Amharic: ) ( om, Oromiyaa) is a regional state in Ethiopia and the homeland of the Oromo people. The capital of Oromia is Addis Ababa.
It is bordered by the Somali Region to the east; the Amhara Region, the Afar Region and the Benis ...
of
Ethiopia
Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the ...
. Aanaa of
Lude Hitosa Lode Hetosa is one of the aanaas in Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia. It is part of the Arsi Zone. It was separated from Hitosa Aanaa. Huruta is the main town of Aanaa.
Demographics
The 2007 national census reported a total population for this ...
was separated from Hitosa. Part of the
Arsi Zone
Arsi ( om, Godina Arsii) is a zone in Oromia Region of Ethiopia, named after a clan of the Oromo, who inhabit in the area.
Arsi is bordered on the south by Bale Zone, on the southwest by the West Arsi Zone, on the northwest by East Shewa Zone, ...
, Hitosa is bordered on the south by
Digeluna Tijo
Digeluna Tijo is a woreda in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Part of the Arsi Zone, Digeluna Tijo is bordered on the south by Bekoji, on the southwest by Munesa, on the northwest by Tiyo, on the north by Hitosa, on the northeast by Tena, and on the eas ...
, on the southwest by
Tiyo, on the west by
Batu Dugda
Batu Dugda is a woreda in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Part of the Arsi Zone located in the Great Rift Valley, Batu Dugda is bordered on the south by Munesa, on the west and north by the East Shewa Zone, on the east by Hitosa, and on the southeast ...
, on the northwest by the
East Shewa Zone
East Shewa ( om, Shawaa Bahaa) is a zone in Oromia Region of Ethiopia. East Shewa is located at centre of oromia Oromia, connecting the western regions to the eastern ones. This zone is bordered on the south by the West Arsi Zone, on the southw ...
, on the northeast by
Dodotana Sire Dodota is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Arsi Zone it is located in the Great Rift Valley. It is part of the former Dodotana Sire woreda, which was divided for Dodota and Sire woredas. Dodotana Sire is bordered on ...
, and on the east by
Tena. The administrative center of the woreda is
Iteya
Iteya is a town in southeastern Ethiopia. Located in the Arsi Zone of the Oromia Region east of Lake Zway. It is the administrative center of the Hitosa woreda.
According to the Oromia Regional government, this town currently has telephone and p ...
; other towns include
Borujawi and
Ligaba.
Geography
The altitude of this woreda ranges from 1500 to 4170 meters above sea level;
Mount Chilalo is the highest point. Rivers include 20 kilometers of the
Keleta, 8 kilometers of the Wedecha and 10 kilometers of the
Gonde. A survey of the land in this woreda shows that 52.8% is arable or cultivable (46.5% was planted in cereals), 16.3% pasture, 28.1%
forest
A forest is an area of land dominated by trees. Hundreds of definitions of forest are used throughout the world, incorporating factors such as tree density, tree height, land use, legal standing, and ecological function. The United Nations' ...
, and the remaining 2.8% is considered swampy, mountainous or otherwise unusable. Annole is a local landmark. Major crops (cereal and pulse) in order of total production includes: Wheat, barley, maize, faba bean, teff, sorghum and field peas.
Onion
An onion (''Allium cepa'' L., from Latin ''cepa'' meaning "onion"), also known as the bulb onion or common onion, is a vegetable that is the most widely cultivated species of the genus ''Allium''. The shallot is a botanical variety of the onio ...
s,
potato
The potato is a starchy food, a tuber of the plant ''Solanum tuberosum'' and is a root vegetable native to the Americas. The plant is a perennial in the nightshade family Solanaceae.
Wild potato species can be found from the southern Unit ...
es and
sugar cane
Sugarcane or sugar cane is a species of (often hybrid) tall, perennial grass (in the genus '' Saccharum'', tribe Andropogoneae) that is used for sugar production. The plants are 2–6 m (6–20 ft) tall with stout, jointed, fibrous stalk ...
are important cash crops.
[''Socio-economic profile of Arsi Zone'']
Government of Oromia Region (last accessed 1 August 2006).
Industry in the woreda includes 60 small scale industries, including 47
grain mill
A gristmill (also: grist mill, corn mill, flour mill, feed mill or feedmill) grinds cereal grain into flour and middlings. The term can refer to either the grinding mechanism or the building that holds it. Grist is grain that has been separated ...
s, employing 230 people, and 1465 registered businesses, of whom 27.7% wholesalers, 39.4% retailers and 32.9% service providers. There were 37 Farmers Associations with 29,093 members and 11 Farmers Service Cooperatives with 18,182 members. Hitosa has 68 kilometers of dry-weather and 161 all-weather road, for an average road density of 188 kilometers per 1000 square kilometers. About 55.3% of the total population has access to
drinking water
Drinking water is water that is used in drink or food preparation; potable water is water that is safe to be used as drinking water. The amount of drinking water required to maintain good health varies, and depends on physical activity level, a ...
.
[
]
History
Aanolee massacre
In Hitosa, the Aanolee massacre took place on 6 September 1886, in which Emperor Menelik II
, spoken = ; ''djānhoi'', lit. ''"O steemedroyal"''
, alternative = ; ''getochu'', lit. ''"Our master"'' (pl.)
Menelik II ( gez, ዳግማዊ ምኒልክ ; horse name Abba Dagnew ( Amharic: አባ ዳኘው ''abba daññäw''); 17 ...
's army massacred 11,000 Arsi Oromo
Arsi Oromo is an ethnic Oromo branch, inhabiting the Oromia Region, mainly in the Arsi, West Arsi and Bale Zones of Ethiopia, as well as in the Adami Tullu and Jido Kombolcha woreda of East Shewa Zone. They claim to have descended from Sikko ...
in one day, cutting women's breasts and men's hands.
In 2014, a monument has been erected to remember the victims.
Demographics
The 2007 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 124,219, of whom 62,466 were men and 61,753 were women; 18,481 or 14.88% of its population were urban dwellers. The majority of the inhabitants said they were Muslim, with 53.77% of the population reporting they observed this belief, while 44.72% of the population practised Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity
The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church ( am, የኢትዮጵያ ኦርቶዶክስ ተዋሕዶ ቤተ ክርስቲያን, ''Yäityop'ya ortodoks täwahedo bétäkrestyan'') is the largest of the Oriental Orthodox Churches. One of the few Chri ...
, and 1.3% of the population were Protestant
Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century against what its followers perceived to b ...
.
Based on figures published by the Central Statistical Agency
The Central Statistical Agency (CSA; Amharic: ማዕከላዊ ስታቲስቲክስ ኤጀንሲ) is an agency of the government of Ethiopia designated to provide all surveys and censuses for that country used to monitor economic and social growt ...
in 2005, this woreda has an estimated total population of 248,304, of whom 124,808 are men and 123,496 are women; 37,820 or 15.23% of its population are urban dwellers, which is greater than the Zone average of 12.3%. With an estimated area of 1,215.47 square kilometers, Hitosa has an estimated population density of 204.3 people per square kilometer, which is greater than the Zone average of 132.2.
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 174,360, of whom 86,930 were men and 87,430 women; 21,160 or 12.14% of its population were urban dwellers at the time. The three largest ethnic groups reported in Hitosa were the Oromo (80.74%), the Amhara (17.8%), and the Silt'e (0.62%); all other ethnic groups made up 0.84% of the population. Oromiffa was spoken as a first language by 76.64%, 10.24% Amharic, and 0.39% spoke Silt'e; the remaining 0.73% spoke all other primary languages reported. The majority of the inhabitants professed Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity
The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church ( am, የኢትዮጵያ ኦርቶዶክስ ተዋሕዶ ቤተ ክርስቲያን, ''Yäityop'ya ortodoks täwahedo bétäkrestyan'') is the largest of the Oriental Orthodox Churches. One of the few Chri ...
, with 53.93% of the population having reported they practiced that belief, while 45.42% of the population said they were Muslim.''1994 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia: Results for Oromia Region'', Vol. 1, part 1
, Tables 2.1, 2.13, 2.16, 2.20 (accessed 6 April 2009).
Notes
{{Districts of the Oromia Region
Districts of Oromia Region
1886 in Ethiopia
Conflicts in 1886
Wars involving Ethiopia
Massacres in Ethiopia
Massacres in 1886
Extrajudicial killings in Ethiopia
Mass murder in Africa
History of Ethiopia
Attacks in Ethiopia