There are many historical regions of

Central Europe Central Europe is an area of Europe between Western Europe and Eastern Europe, based on a common historical, social and cultural identity. The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) between Catholicism and Protestantism significantly shaped the ...

. For the purpose of this list, Central Europe is defined as the area contained roughly within the south coast of the

Baltic Sea The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden and the North and Central European Plain. The sea stretches from 53°N to 66°N latitude and fr ...

, the Elbe River, the Alps, the Danube River, the

Black Sea The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea of the Atlantic Ocean lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, ...

and the Dnepr River. These historical regions were current in different time periods – from medieval to modern era – and may often overlap. National borders have been redrawn across those regions many times over the centuries, so usually a historical region cannot be assigned to any specific nation. The list below indicates which present-day states control the whole or a part of each of the listed regions.

Former Austro-Hungarian empire

* Cisleithania * Transleithania *''For Bosnia and Herzegonvina, please refer to these two articles:'' ** Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina ** Regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The kingdoms and lands represented in the Austrian Imperial Council ( Cisleithania)

Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen (Kingdom of Hungary: Transleithania)

Other regions

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Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...

Lower Austria Lower Austria (german: Niederösterreich; Austro-Bavarian: ''Niedaöstareich'', ''Niedaestareich'') is one of the nine states of Austria, located in the northeastern corner of the country. Since 1986, the capital of Lower Austria has been Sankt ...

{{flagicon, AUT ** Upper Austria {{flagicon, AUT * Austrian Littoral ( Primorska) {{flagicon, ITA {{flagicon, SVN {{flagicon, CRO * Bačka {{flagicon, SRB {{flagicon, HUN *

Banat Banat (, ; hu, Bánság; sr, Банат, Banat) is a geographical and historical region that straddles Central and Eastern Europe and which is currently divided among three countries: the eastern part lies in western Romania (the counties of ...

{{flagicon, ROU {{flagicon, SRB {{flagicon, HUN * Baranya {{flagicon, HUN {{flagicon, CRO *

Bavaria Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total l ...

{{flagicon, DEU ** Franconia {{flagicon, DEU *** Rhenish Franconia {{flagicon, DEU ** Bavarian Swabia {{flagicon, DEU * Bohemia {{flagicon, CZE ** Klodzko Land {{flagicon, POL ** Egerland {{flagicon, CZE {{flagicon, DEU *

Brandenburg Brandenburg (; nds, Brannenborg; dsb, Bramborska ) is a state in the northeast of Germany bordering the states of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Saxony, as well as the country of Poland. With an area of 29,480 square ...

{{flagicon, DEU {{flagicon, POL ** Altmark {{flagicon, DEU ** Mittelmark {{flagicon, DEU **

Palatinate Palatinate or county palatine may refer to: *the territory or jurisdiction of a count palatine United Kingdom and Ireland *County palatine in England and Ireland * Palatinate (award), student sporting award of Durham University *Palatinate (col ...

{{flagicon, DEU ***

Kurpfalz The Electoral Palatinate (german: Kurpfalz) or the Palatinate (), officially the Electorate of the Palatinate (), was a state that was part of the Holy Roman Empire. The electorate had its origins under the rulership of the Counts Palatine of ...

{{flagicon, DEU ** Westphalia {{flagicon, DEU ** Nassau {{flagicon, DEU ** Breisgau {{flagicon, DEU * Mecklenburg {{flagicon, DEU ** Neumark {{flagicon, POL ** Prignitz {{flagicon, DEU ** Uckermark {{flagicon, DEU * Burgenland {{flagicon, AUT *

Duchy of Carinthia The Duchy of Carinthia (german: Herzogtum Kärnten; sl, Vojvodina Koroška) was a duchy located in southern Austria and parts of northern Slovenia. It was separated from the Duchy of Bavaria in 976, and was the first newly created Imperial Sta ...

{{flagicon, AUT {{flagicon, SVN ** Slovene Carinthia * Carniola {{flagicon, SVN ** Inner Carniola {{flagicon, SVN **

Lower Carniola Lower Carniola ( sl, Dolenjska; german: Unterkrain) is a traditional region in Slovenia, the southeastern part of the historical Carniola region. Geography Lower Carniola is delineated by the Ljubljana Basin with the city of Ljubljana to the ...

{{flagicon, SVN *** White Carniola {{flagicon, SVN *** Windic March {{flagicon, SVN ** Upper Carniola {{flagicon, SVN * Chełmno Land {{flagicon, POL * Suwałki {{flagicon, POL * Crișana {{flagicon, ROU {{flagicon, HUN * Croatia proper {{flagicon, CRO **

Civil Croatia Civil Croatia () was a designation for the areas of Central Croatia that were not part of the Habsburg Military Frontier. It was formed as part of the French-dominated Illyrian Provinces and disestablished in 1822 when it was given to the Kingdom of ...

{{flagicon, CRO ** Croatian Littoral {{flagicon, CRO ** Croatian Highlands {{flagicon, CRO ** Međimurje {{flagicon, CRO ** Morlachia {{flagicon, CRO * Dalmatia {{flagicon, CRO * Dobruja {{flagicon, ROU {{flagicon, BUL **

Northern Dobruja Northern Dobruja ( ro, Dobrogea de Nord or simply ; bg, Северна Добруджа, ''Severna Dobrudzha'') is the part of Dobruja within the borders of Romania. It lies between the lower Danube river and the Black Sea, bordered in the south ...

{{flagicon, ROU ** Southern Dobruja {{flagicon, BUL * Dobrzyń Land {{flagicon, POL * East Elbia *

Frisia Frisia is a cross-border cultural region in Northwestern Europe. Stretching along the Wadden Sea, it encompasses the north of the Netherlands and parts of northwestern Germany. The region is traditionally inhabited by the Frisians, a West ...

{{flagicon, NLD {{flagicon, DEU *

Galicia Galicia may refer to: Geographic regions * Galicia (Spain), a region and autonomous community of northwestern Spain ** Gallaecia, a Roman province ** The post-Roman Kingdom of the Suebi, also called the Kingdom of Gallaecia ** The medieval King ...

{{flagicon, POL {{flagicon, UKR * Holland {{flagicon, NLD *

Illyria In classical antiquity, Illyria (; grc, Ἰλλυρία, ''Illyría'' or , ''Illyrís''; la, Illyria, ''Illyricum'') was a region in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula inhabited by numerous tribes of people collectively known as the Illyr ...

Istria Istria ( ; Croatian language, Croatian and Slovene language, Slovene: ; ist, Eîstria; Istro-Romanian language, Istro-Romanian, Italian language, Italian and Venetian language, Venetian: ; formerly in Latin and in Ancient Greek) is the larges ...

{{flagicon, CRO {{flagicon, SVN *

Northern Italy Northern Italy ( it, Italia settentrionale, it, Nord Italia, label=none, it, Alta Italia, label=none or just it, Nord, label=none) is a geographical and cultural region in the northern part of Italy. It consists of eight administrative regions ...

** Carnia {{flagicon, ITA ** Friuli {{flagicon, ITA ** Gorizia and Gradisca {{flagicon, ITA {{flagicon, SVN **

Lombardy (man), (woman) lmo, lumbard, links=no (man), (woman) , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = , demographics1_footnotes = , demographics1_title1 = , ...

{{flagicon, ITA *** Insubria *** Ticino *** Valtellina * Jazygia {{flagicon, HUN * Kunság (Cumania) {{flagicon, HUN **

Greater Cumania Greater may refer to: *Greatness, the state of being great *Greater than, in inequality * ''Greater'' (film), a 2016 American film *Greater (flamingo), the oldest flamingo on record * "Greater" (song), by MercyMe, 2014 *Greater Bank, an Australian ...

{{flagicon, HUN ** Little Cumania {{flagicon, HUN * Kuyavia {{flagicon, POL *

Lithuania Lithuania (; lt, Lietuva ), officially the Republic of Lithuania ( lt, Lietuvos Respublika, links=no ), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. Lithuania ...

{{flagicon, LTU ** Aukštaitija {{flagicon, LTU ** Samogitia {{flagicon, LTU ** Sudovia {{flagicon, LTU {{flagicon, POL ** Lithuania Minor (Prussian Lithuania) {{flagicon, LTU {{flagicon, RUS * Lubusz Land {{flagicon, DEU {{flagicon, POL * Lusatia {{flagicon, DEU {{flagicon, POL ** Lower Lusatia {{flagicon, DEU {{flagicon, POL ** Upper Lusatia {{flagicon, DEU {{flagicon, POL * Maramureș {{flagicon, ROU {{flagicon, UKR * Masovia {{flagicon, POL * Masuria {{flagicon, POL *

Moldavia Moldavia ( ro, Moldova, or , literally "The Country of Moldavia"; in Romanian Cyrillic: or ; chu, Землѧ Молдавскаѧ; el, Ἡγεμονία τῆς Μολδαβίας) is a historical region and former principality in Centra ...

{{flagicon, MDA {{flagicon, ROU {{flagicon, UKR ** Bessarabia {{flagicon, MDA {{flagicon, UKR *** Budjak {{flagicon, UKR ***

Gagauzia Gagauzia or Gagauz-Yeri, or ; ro, Găgăuzia; russian: Гагаузия, Gagauziya officially the Autonomous Territorial Unit of Gagauzia; ro, Unitatea Teritorială Autonomă Găgăuzia, ''UTAG''; russian: Автономное территор ...

{{flagicon, MDA {{flagicon, UKR ** Bukovina {{flagicon, ROU {{flagicon, UKR **

Hertsa Hertsa or Hertza ( ; ro, Herța ) is a city located in Chernivtsi Raion, Chernivtsi Oblast in western Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Hertsa urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine, and has a population of The town is locate ...

{{flagicon, UKR ** Western Moldavia {{flagicon, ROU * Moravia {{flagicon, CZE * Orava {{flagicon, SVK {{flagicon, POL * Partium {{flagicon, ROU {{flagicon, HUN {{flagicon, UKR {{flagicon, SVK *

Podlasie Podlachia, or Podlasie, ( pl, Podlasie, , be, Падляшша, translit=Padliašša, uk, Підляшшя, translit=Pidliashshia) is a historical region in the north-eastern part of Poland. Between 1513 and 1795 it was a voivodeship with the c ...

{{flagicon, BLR {{flagicon, POL * Podolia {{flagicon, UKR *

Greater Poland Greater Poland, often known by its Polish name Wielkopolska (; german: Großpolen, sv, Storpolen, la, Polonia Maior), is a Polish historical regions, historical region of west-central Poland. Its chief and largest city is Poznań followed ...

{{flagicon, POL * Lesser Poland {{flagicon, POL ** Podhale {{flagicon, POL *

Polesie Polesia, Polesie, or Polesye, uk, Полісся (Polissia), pl, Polesie, russian: Полесье (Polesye) is a natural and historical region that starts from the farthest edge of Central Europe and encompasses Eastern Europe, including East ...

{{flagicon, BLR {{flagicon, POL {{flagicon, UKR * Pomerania {{flagicon, POL {{flagicon, DEU ** Pomerelia (Eastern Pomerania) {{flagicon, POL ** Farther Pomerania {{flagicon, POL ** Hither Pomerania {{flagicon, DEU {{flagicon, POL * Prekmurje {{flagicon, SVN * Prussia {{flagicon, POL {{flagicon, DEU {{flagicon, RUS ** Duchy of Prussia {{flagicon, RUS {{flagicon, POL **

East Prussia East Prussia ; german: Ostpreißen, label=Low Prussian; pl, Prusy Wschodnie; lt, Rytų Prūsija was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1773 to 1829 and again from 1878 (with the Kingdom itself being part of the German Empire from 187 ...

{{flagicon, POL {{flagicon, RUS *** Sambia {{flagicon, RUS ** Netze District {{flagicon, POL ** New East Prussia {{flagicon, POL ** Royal Prussia {{flagicon, POL *** Culmland {{flagicon, POL *** Pomesania {{flagicon, POL ** South Prussia {{flagicon, POL ** West Prussia {{flagicon, POL * Rhineland {{flagicon, DEU ** Rhenish Hesse {{flagicon, DEU *

Ruthenia Ruthenia or , uk, Рутенія, translit=Rutenia or uk, Русь, translit=Rus, label=none, pl, Ruś, be, Рутэнія, Русь, russian: Рутения, Русь is an exonym, originally used in Medieval Latin as one of several term ...

{{flagicon, POL {{flagicon, UKR {{flagicon, BLR **White Ruthenia or

Belarus Belarus,, , ; alternatively and formerly known as Byelorussia (from Russian ). officially the Republic of Belarus,; rus, Республика Беларусь, Respublika Belarus. is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by ...

{{flagicon, BLR **

Black Ruthenia Black Ruthenia ( la, Ruthenia Nigra), or Black Rus' ( be, Чорная Русь, translit=Čornaja Ruś; lt, Juodoji Rusia; pl, Ruś Czarna), is a historical region on the Upper Nemunas, including Novogrudok (Naugardukas), Grodno (Gardinas) a ...

{{flagicon, BLR **

Carpathian Ruthenia Carpathian Ruthenia ( rue, Карпатьска Русь, Karpat'ska Rus'; uk, Закарпаття, Zakarpattia; sk, Podkarpatská Rus; hu, Kárpátalja; ro, Transcarpatia; pl, Zakarpacie); cz, Podkarpatská Rus; german: Karpatenukrai ...

{{flagicon, UKR ** Red Ruthenia {{flagicon, UKR {{flagicon, POL * Saxony {{flagicon, DEU ** Meissenland {{flagicon, DEU **

Osterland Osterland (''terra orientalis'') is a historical region in Germany. It was situated between the Elbe and Saale rivers to the north of Pleissnerland which it later absorbed and it included the city of Leipzig. The name derives from the previous ...

{{flagicon, DEU **

Pleissnerland Pleissnerland, Pleissenland or the Imperial Territory of Pleissenland (german: Reichsterritorium Pleißenland; la, Terra Plisensis) was a '' Reichsgut'' of the Holy Roman Empire, which meant that it was directly possessed by the respective elected ...

{{flagicon, DEU ** Vogtland {{flagicon, DEU * Silesia {{flagicon, POL {{flagicon, DEU {{flagicon, CZE ** Lower Silesia {{flagicon, POL {{flagicon, CZE {{flagicon, DEU *** Rychtal Land {{flagicon, POL ** Upper Silesia {{flagicon, POL {{flagicon, CZE ***

Opole Silesia Opole Silesia or Opolian Silesia ( pl, Śląsk Opolski, also known as ''Opolszczyzna'', german: Oppelner Schlesien, szl, Ôpolski Ślōnsk, cs, Opolské Slezsko), is a loosely defined historical region of Poland, part of Upper Silesia. Throug ...

{{flagicon, POL ** Czech Silesia (Austrian Silesia) {{flagicon, CZE {{flagicon, POL *** Cieszyn Silesia {{flagicon, POL {{flagicon, CZE ***

Opavian Silesia Opavian Silesia ( cs, Opavské Slezsko, pl, Śląsk Opawski or ''Śląsk karniowsko-opawski'', german: Troppauer Schlesien or ''Troppauer Land'') is a historical subregion of Silesia (Upper Silesia) in the Czech Republic. The historical centre ...

{{flagicon, CZE {{flagicon, POL **** Hlučínsko {{flagicon, CZE * Slavonia {{flagicon, CRO * Spiš {{flagicon, SVK {{flagicon, POL *

Styria Styria (german: Steiermark ; Serbo-Croatian and sl, ; hu, Stájerország) is a state (''Bundesland'') in the southeast of Austria. With an area of , Styria is the second largest state of Austria, after Lower Austria. Styria is bordered to ...

{{flagicon, AUT {{flagicon, SVN ** Lower Styria {{flagicon, SVN ** Upper Styria {{flagicon, AUT *

Swabia Swabia ; german: Schwaben , colloquially ''Schwabenland'' or ''Ländle''; archaic English also Suabia or Svebia is a cultural, historic and linguistic region in southwestern Germany. The name is ultimately derived from the medieval Duchy of ...

{{flagicon, DEU ** Allgäu {{flagicon, DEU *

Syrmia Syrmia ( sh, Srem/Срем or sh, Srijem/Сријем, label=none) is a region of the southern Pannonian Plain, which lies between the Danube and Sava rivers. It is divided between Serbia and Croatia. Most of the region is flat, with the exce ...

{{flagicon, SRB {{flagicon, CRO * Thuringia {{flagicon, DEU * Transdanubia {{flagicon, HUN **

Swabian Turkey The term Swabian Turkey (german: Schwäbische Türkei, hu, Sváb-Törökország) describes a region in southeastern in Hungary delimited by the Danube (''Donau''), the Drava (''Drau''), inhabited by an ethnic German minority, the Germans of Hunga ...

{{flagicon, HUN * Transnistria {{flagicon, MDA {{flagicon, UKR *

Transylvania Transylvania ( ro, Ardeal or ; hu, Erdély; german: Siebenbürgen) is a historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and south its natural border is the Carpathian Mountains, and to the west the ...

{{flagicon, Transylvania ** Burzenland {{flagicon, ROU **

Northern Transylvania Northern Transylvania ( ro, Transilvania de Nord, hu, Észak-Erdély) was the region of the Kingdom of Romania that during World War II, as a consequence of the August 1940 territorial agreement known as the Second Vienna Award, became part of ...

{{flagicon, ROU ** Nösnerland {{flagicon, ROU ** Székelyföld {{flagicon, ROU * Tyrol {{flagicon, ITA {{flagicon, AUT ** North Tyrol {{flagicon, AUT ** East Tyrol {{flagicon, AUT ** South Tyrol {{flagicon, ITA **

Trentino Trentino ( lld, Trentin), officially the Autonomous Province of Trento, is an autonomous province of Italy, in the country's far north. The Trentino and South Tyrol constitute the region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, an autonomous regio ...

{{flagicon, ITA * Vojvodina {{flagicon, SRB * Volhynia {{flagicon, UKR ** Lodomeria {{flagicon, UKR * Wallachia {{flagicon, ROU **

Muntenia Muntenia (, also known in English as Greater Wallachia) is a historical region of Romania, part of Wallachia (also, sometimes considered Wallachia proper, as ''Muntenia'', ''Țara Românească'', and the seldom used ''Valahia'' are synonyms in R ...

(Greater Wallachia) {{flagicon, ROU ** Oltenia (Lesser Wallachia) {{flagicon, ROU * Warmia {{flagicon, POL * White Croatia {{flagicon, CZE {{flagicon, POL {{flagicon, SVK * Yedisan {{flagicon, UKR

Former Austro-Hungarian empire

The kingdoms and lands represented in the Austrian Imperial Council ( Cisleithania)

Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen (Kingdom of Hungary: Transleithania)

Other regions

See also