Hispano-Suiza piston aero-engines were predominantly piston engines produced by

Hispano-Suiza Hispano-Suiza () is a Spanish automotive–engineering company. It was founded in 1904 by Marc Birkigt and Damian Mateu as an automobile manufacturer and eventually had several factories in Spain and France that produced luxury cars, aircraft en ...

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , i ...

, and under licence in the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...

, the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...

and

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...

from the

First World War World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

through to the 1950s. Development of these engines started with the very successful V-8 engines which introduced many new features which ensured the success of the Hispano-Suiza line.

Designations

Letter system

The

Service technique de l'aéronautique The ''Service technique de l'aéronautique'' (STAé) was a French state body responsible for coordinating technical aspects of aviation in France. Formed in 1916 as the Section technique de l'aéronautique the STAé continued until 1980 when its ...

(STAé) used a common designation system for the vast majority of engines produced in France, which signified the major attributes of the particular engines:- # Manufacturer - In this case ''Hispano-Suiza'' # 12 - the number of cylinders in any configuration (V, straight, W, horizontally opposed, radial, etc.). # Y - the family letter in capitals (note: in at least two instances the family designator consisted of two letters in capitals e.g. 14AA and 14AB), advancing alphabetically. (note:Hispano-Suiza avoided W to avoid confusion with W / Broad-arrow engines) # a – sub variant indicator, (which could also indicate the rotation of the engine, where otherwise identical engines with opposite hand rotation were built, e.g. 12Ndr anti-clockwise and 12Nfr clockwise). # r – attribute indicators, denoting various attributes that the engine might have, (r = reduction gearing, i = fuel injection, s = supercharged, etc.) # 1 - sub-sub variants were denoted by using a number after the letters, (e.g. 12Xhrs and 12Xhrs1), usually indicating differences in ancillary equipment. Thus the 12Xgrs was of the X family, with reduction gearing and supercharger, whereas the 12Xhrs was identical but rotated in the opposite direction.

Number system

The STAé introduced a numbered attribute indicator from the late 1930s, thus; 12Y-26, 12Y-27 – left and right rotation versions of the same engine. Basic versions of each engine had even numbers and opposite rotation version were odd numbered.

List of H-S piston aero-engines

Data from:''Moteurs d'Aviation Hispano-Suiza'' ''Livre d'Or de la Société Française Hispano-Suiza'' ''Hispano-Suiza:Revue et Bulletin Technique de la Société Française Hispano-Suiza'' Jun 28 ''Hispano-Suiza:Revue et Bulletin Technique de la Société Française Hispano-Suiza'' Jan 28 ''Hispano-Suiza:Revue et Bulletin Technique de la Société Française Hispano-Suiza'' Nov 29 ''Hispano-Suiza:Revue et Bulletin Technique de la Société Française Hispano-Suiza'' Dec 30 ''Hispano-Suiza:Revue et Bulletin Technique de la Société Française Hispano-Suiza'' Jun 30 ''Hispano-Suiza:Revue et Bulletin Technique de la Société Française Hispano-Suiza'' Nov 31 ''Hispano-Suiza:Revue et Bulletin Technique de la Société Française Hispano-Suiza'' Apr 32 ''Hispano-Suiza:Revue et Bulletin Technique de la Société Française Hispano-Suiza'' Oct 32 ''Hispano-Suiza:Revue et Bulletin Technique de la Société Française Hispano-Suiza'' Jan-Jun 35 ''Le moteur-canon V8 Hispano-Suiza'' ''HISPANO-SUIZA:LES MOTEURS DE TOUS LES RECORDS'' Aviafrance ; 5Q: ; 6M: : 6Mb : 6Mbr ; 6P: : 6Pa ; 8A :8Aa :8Ab ; 8B :8Ba :8Bb :8Bc :8Bd :8Be :8Bec ; 8C :8Cb Hispano Suiza 8 A Brussel

; 8F :8Fa :8Fb :8Fe ; 9Q :9Qa :9Qb :9Qc :9Qd :9Qdr ; 9T :Produced under licence from Clerget, derived from the Clerget 9C, diesel radial engine. ; 9V :9Vr :9Vb :9Vbr :9Vbrs :9Vbs :9Vd :9V-10 :9V-11 :9V-16 :9V-17 ; 12B: (1945) ; 12F: : 12Fd ; 12G: (Type 50) : 12Ga : 12Gb ; 12H: (Type 51) : 12Ha : 12Hb : 12Hbr : 12Hbxr ; 12J: (Type 52) : 12Ja : 12Jb ; 12K: : Kb : Kbrs ; 12L: : Lb : Lbr : Lbxr Hispano Suiza 12Lbr

; 12M:(Type 57) :12Mb/500 :12Mb/500r :12Mc/500 :12Mcr/500 :12Md :12Mdr :12Mdsh ; 12N: (Type 61) :12Nb/650 :12Nbr/650 :12Nbrs/650 :12Nc :12cNr: :12Ndr :12Ner :12Nfr :12Ngr :12Ns :12Nsr :12Ns Special :12Nsr Special ; 12X : (Type 72) :12Xbr :12Xbrs :12Xbrg :12Xbr :12Xbrs :12Xbrs1 :12Xdrs :12Xfrs :12Xgrs :12Xgrs1 :12Xhrs :12Xhrs1 :12Xirs :12Xjrs :(Type 76) with calibre

Hispano-Suiza HS.404 The HS.404 is an autocannon originally designed and produced by Spanish/French company Hispano-Suiza in the mid-1930s. It was widely used as an aircraft, naval and land-based weapon by French, British, American and other military services, par ...

cannon between cylinder banks, firing through propeller shaft. :12Xcrs :12Xers :12Xirs :12Xjrs :12Xirs1 :12Xjrs1 :12X-13 ; 12Y:(Type 73) :12Ybr :12Ybrg :12Ybrs1 :12Ygrs :12Ydr :12Ydrs :12Ydrs1 :12Ydrs2 :12Yfrs :12Yfrs1 :12Yfrs2 :12Y-21 :12Y-25 :12Y-26 :12Y-27 :12Y-28 :12Y-29 :12Y-38 :12Y-39 :(Type 77) with 20 mm

cannon between cylinder banks, firing through propeller shaft. :12Ybrs :12Ycrs :12Y-28 :12Y-29 :12Y-30 :12Y-31 :12Y-32 :12Y-33 :12Y-36 :12Y-37 :12Y-41 :12Y-45 :12Y-47 :12Y 49 :12Y-50 :12Y-51 Hispano-Suiza 12Y31

; 12Z: (Type 89) :12Z-1 :12Z-17 :12Z-89 ; 14AA:(Type 79) :14AA-00 :14AA-01 :14AA-02 :14AA-03 :14AA-04 :14AA-05 :14AA-06 :14AA-07 ; 14AB :14AB-12 :14AB-13 ; 14H : 14Ha-7a : 14Hbs : 14Hbrs ; 14U :Produced under licence from Clerget, derived from the Clerget 14F, diesel radial engine. ; Hispano Suiza 400hp V-16 ; Hispano Suiza 600hp V-16 ; 18R ; 18S :18Sb :18Sbr ; 24Y: (Types 82 and 90) ; 24Z (Type 95) ; 36Y ; 48H ; 48Z: ;

Whirlwind A whirlwind is a weather phenomenon in which a vortex of wind (a vertically oriented rotating column of air) forms due to instabilities and turbulence created by heating and flow (current) gradients. Whirlwinds occur all over the world and i ...

: ; Abadal 12Y:(HS 8 with a third inverted vertical bank) at 2,500 rpm, with reduction gear, weighing .

Hispano-Suiza in-house Type designations

Data from: The Hispano-Suiza Type numbers were used for all Hispano-Suiza products, including cars trucks and engines: Types 21, 22 and 23 are known to have been cars. ; Type 31: Prototype, (bxs ), with mixed cooling (11 fins) and initial production 8A, (bxs ), with 8 cooling fins, 1,450 rpm, . ; Type 34: 8Aa, 1800 rpm, 4.7:1 compression, , 100% water-cooling. ; Type 34-S: (S for ''surcomprimé'') 8Ab, 1800 rpm, 5.3:1 compression, , 100% water-cooling. ; Type 35: 8B, 2,000 rpm, , geared. ; Type 35-S: (S for ''surcomprimé'') 8B, 2,000 rpm, , high compression, geared. ; Type 36: 8B with Lewis gun ; Type 38: 8BeC, Type 36 with a modified SAMC Model 37 cannon ; Type 39: Coupled engines ; Type 40: (8E ?) ; Type 41: (8A ?) ; Type 42: 8Fb, (bxs ), , at 1,800 rpm. ; Type 42VS: 8Fe ; Type 43: cannon equipped project ; Type 44: A later, little used, moteur-canon version. ; Type 45: cannon ; Type 50: 12G ; Type 51: 12H ; Type 52: 12J ; Type 57: 12M ; Type 61: 12N ; Type 72: 12X ; Type 73: 12Y ; Type 76: 12X with cannon ; Type 77: 12Y with cannon ; Type 79: 14AA ; Type 82: 24Y ; Type 89: 12Z ; Type 90: 24Y ; Type 95: 24Z ; Type 96: 48Z

Specifications

Data from: This table gives the major attributes of each engine model, where known.

Applications and chronology

References

{{reflist Aircraft piston engines Hispano-Suiza aircraft engines