Hipatia Cárdenas de Bustamante (also known by her

pseudonym A pseudonym (; ) or alias () is a fictitious name that a person or group assumes for a particular purpose, which differs from their original or true name (orthonym). This also differs from a new name that entirely or legally replaces an individua ...

Aspacia) (1889–1972) was an

Ecuador Ecuador ( ; ; Quechua: ''Ikwayur''; Shuar: ''Ecuador'' or ''Ekuatur''), officially the Republic of Ecuador ( es, República del Ecuador, which literally translates as "Republic of the Equator"; Quechua: ''Ikwadur Ripuwlika''; Shuar: ''Eku ...

ian writer, politician, suffragist, and feminist.

Biography

Cárdenas was born in

Quito Quito (; qu, Kitu), formally San Francisco de Quito, is the capital and largest city of Ecuador, with an estimated population of 2.8 million in its urban area. It is also the capital of the province of Pichincha. Quito is located in a valley o ...

on March 23, 1889 to politician and legal expert Alejandro Cárdenas and to Ana Navarro Nájera. Together with Zoila Ugarte de Landívar (1864-1969), Cárdenas was one of the pioneers fighting for women's suffrage in Ecuador. In 1929, she became the first female state councilor, and in 1932, she was the first female presidential candidate. She fought for the continued right for women's suffrage after controversy following the establishment of women's suffrage in 1929. In 1943, she published ''Gold, red and blue; she also worked for ''El Día'', ''El Comercio'', and the magazine ''América''. Cárdenas died in Quito on February 9, 1972.

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Cardenas de Bustamante, Hipatia 1889 births 1972 deaths 20th-century Ecuadorian poets Ecuadorian women in politics Ecuadorian suffragists Ecuadorian women activists 20th-century Ecuadorian women writers 20th-century Ecuadorian writers Ecuadorian women poets 20th-century Ecuadorian women politicians 20th-century Ecuadorian politicians People from Quito