Hillary Mantel

Dame Hilary Mary Mantel ( ; born Thompson; 6 July 1952 – 22 September 2022) was a British writer whose work includes historical fiction, personal memoirs and short stories. Her first published novel, ''Every Day Is Mother's Day'', was released in 1985. She went on to write 12 novels, two collections of short stories, a personal memoir, and numerous articles and opinion pieces.

Mantel won the Booker Prize twice: the first was for her 2009 novel ''Wolf Hall'', a fictional account of Thomas Cromwell's rise to power in the court of Henry VIII, and the second was for its 2012 sequel ''Bring Up the Bodies''. The third instalment of the Cromwell trilogy, ''The Mirror and the Light'', was longlisted for the same prize.

Early life

Hilary Mary Thompson was born on 6 July 1952 in Glossop, Derbyshire, the eldest of three children, with two younger brothers, and raised as a Roman Catholic in the mill village of Hadfield where she attended St Charles Roman Catholic Primary School.

Her parents, Margaret (née Foster) and Henry Thompson (a clerk), were both Catholics of Irish descent, born in England. When Mantel was seven, her mother's lover, Jack Mantel, moved in with the family. He shared a bedroom with her mother, while her father moved to another room. Four years later, when she was eleven, the family, except for her father, moved to Romiley, Cheshire, to escape the local gossip. She never saw her father again.

When the family relocated, Jack Mantel (1932–1995) became her unofficial stepfather, and she legally took his surname. She attended Harrytown Convent school in Romiley, Cheshire.

In 1970, she began studies at the London School of Economics to read law. She transferred to the University of Sheffield and graduated as a Bachelor of Jurisprudence in 1973. After university, Mantel worked in the social work department of a geriatric hospital and then as a sales assistant at Kendals department store in Manchester.

In 1973 she married Gerald McEwen, a geologist. In 1974, she began writing a novel about the French Revolution, but was unable to find a publisher (it was eventually released as ''A Place of Greater Safety'' in 1992). In 1977 Mantel moved to Botswana with her husband where they lived for the next five years. Later, they spent four years in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia She later said that leaving Jeddah felt like "the happiest day of erlife"; she published memoirs of this period in ''The Spectator'', and the ''London Review of Books''.

Literary career

Mantel's first novel, ''Every Day Is Mother's Day,'' was published in 1985, and its sequel, ''Vacant Possession'', a year later. After returning to England, she became the film critic of ''The Spectator'', a position she held from 1987 to 1991, and a reviewer for a number of papers and magazines in Britain and the United States.

Her third novel, ''Eight Months on Ghazzah Street'' (1988), drew on her life in Saudi Arabia. It features a threatening clash of values between the neighbours in a city apartment block to explore the tensions between Islamic culture and the liberal West. Her Winifred Holtby Memorial Prize-winning novel '' Fludd'' is set in 1956 in a fictitious northern village called Fetherhoughton, centring on a Roman Catholic church and a convent. A mysterious stranger brings about transformations in the lives of those around him.

Mantel was a Booker Prize judge in 1990, when A.S. Byatt's novel ''Possession'' was awarded the prize.

''A Place of Greater Safety'' (1992) won the Sunday Express Book of the Year award, for which her two previous books had been shortlisted. A long and historically accurate novel, it traces the career of three French revolutionaries, Danton, Robespierre and Camille Desmoulins, from childhood to their early deaths during the Reign of Terror of 1794.

''A Change of Climate'' (1994), set in rural Norfolk, explores the lives of Ralph and Anna Eldred, as they raise their four children and devote their lives to charity. It includes chapters about their early married life as missionaries in South Africa, when they were imprisoned and deported to Bechuanaland, and the tragedy that occurred there.

''An Experiment in Love'' (1996), which won the Hawthornden Prize, takes place over two university terms in 1970. It follows the progress of three girls – two friends and one enemy – as they leave home and attend university in London. Margaret Thatcher makes a cameo appearance in this novel, which explores women's appetites and ambitions, and suggests how they are often thwarted. Though Mantel used material from her own life, it is not an autobiographical novel.

Her next book, ''The Giant, O'Brien'' (1998), is set in the 1780s, and is based on the true story of Charles Byrne (or O'Brien). He came to London to earn money by displaying himself as a freak. His bones hang today in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons. The novel treats O'Brien and his antagonist, the Scots surgeon John Hunter, less as characters in history than as mythic protagonists in a dark and violent fairytale, necessary casualties of the Age of Enlightenment. She adapted the book for BBC Radio 4, in a play starring Alex Norton (as Hunter) and Frances Tomelty.

In 2003 Mantel published her memoir, ''Giving Up the Ghost'', which won the MIND "Book of the Year" award. That same year she brought out a collection of short stories, ''Learning To Talk''. All the stories deal with childhood and, taken together, the books show how the events of a life are mediated as fiction. Her 2005 novel, ''Beyond Black'', was shortlisted for the Orange Prize and longlisted for the Booker Prize in 2005. Novelist Pat Barker said it was "the book that should actually have won the Booker". Set in the late 1990s and early 2000s, it features a professional medium, Alison Hart, whose calm and jolly exterior conceals grotesque psychic damage. She trails around with her a troupe of "fiends", who are invisible but always on the verge of becoming flesh.

The long novel ''Wolf Hall'', about Henry VIII's minister Thomas Cromwell, was published in 2009 to critical acclaim. The book won that year's Booker Prize and, upon winning the award, Mantel said, "I can tell you at this moment I am happily flying through the air". Judges voted three to two in favour of ''Wolf Hall'' for the prize. Mantel was presented with a trophy and a £50,000 cash prize during an evening ceremony at the Guildhall, London. The panel of judges, led by the broadcaster James Naughtie, described ''Wolf Hall'' as an "extraordinary piece of storytelling". Leading up to the award, the book was backed as the favourite by bookmakers and accounted for 45% of the sales of all the nominated books. It was the first favourite since 2002 to win the award. On receiving the prize, Mantel said that she would spend the prize money on "sex and drugs and rock' n' roll".

The sequel to ''Wolf Hall'', called ''Bring Up the Bodies'', was published in May 2012 to wide acclaim. It won the 2012 Costa Book of the Year and the 2012 Booker Prize; Mantel thus became the first British writer and the first woman to win the Booker Prize more than once. Mantel was the fourth author to receive the award twice, following J. M. Coetzee, Peter Carey and J. G. Farrell. This award also made Mantel the first author to win the award for a sequel. The books were adapted into plays by the Royal Shakespeare Company and were produced as a mini-series by BBC. In 2020 Mantel published the third novel of the Thomas Cromwell trilogy, called ''The Mirror and the Light''. ''The Mirror and the Light'' was selected for the longlist for the 2020 Booker Prize.

In 2014, Mantel published a collection of 10 short stories, ''The Assassination of Margaret Thatcher'', which The Guardian called a "flawed but absorbing selection" singling out the story ''Sorry to Disturb'' for praise. The New York Times described the collection as having "narrators much more outwardly meek and inwardly turbulent than the murderous royals and puppeteers so beloved in her historical fiction". The controversial title story is about an assassin who disguises himself as a plumber and takes over an apartment opposite the hospital where the Prime Minister is undergoing eye surgery. The woman who owns the apartment, and who is in effect a hostage, turns out to be surprisingly sympathetic to the assassin's cause.

She was also working on a short non-fiction book, titled ''The Woman Who Died of Robespierre'', about the Polish playwright Stanisława Przybyszewska. Mantel also wrote reviews and essays, mainly for ''The Guardian'', the ''London Review of Books'' and the ''New York Review of Books''. ''The Culture Show'' programme on BBC Two broadcast a profile of Mantel on 17 September 2011.

In December 2016, Mantel spoke with ''Kenyon Review'' editor David H. Lynn on the KR Podcast"KR Podcast with Hilary Mantel"
''Kenyon Review''. about the way historical novels are published, what it is like to live in the world of one character for more than ten years, writing for the stage, and the final book in her Thomas Cromwell trilogy, ''The Mirror and the Light''.

She delivered five 2017 Reith Lectures on BBC Radio Four, talking about the theme of historical fiction.
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Her final one of these lectures was on the theme of adaptation of historical novels for stage or screen. Mantel's lectures were selected by its producer, Jim Frank, as amongst the best of the long-running series.

Personal life and death

Mantel married Gerald McEwen in 1973. They divorced in 1981 but remarried in 1982. McEwen gave up geology to manage his wife's business. They lived in Budleigh Salterton, Devon.

During her twenties, Mantel had a debilitating and painful illness. She was initially diagnosed with a psychiatric illness, hospitalised, and treated with antipsychotic drugs, which reportedly produced psychotic symptoms. In consequence, Mantel refrained from seeking help from doctors for some years. Finally, in Botswana and desperate, she consulted a medical textbook and realised she was probably suffering from a severe form of endometriosis, a diagnosis confirmed by doctors in London. The condition and (at the time) necessary surgery – a surgical menopause at the age of 27 – left her unable to have children, and continued to disrupt her life. She later said "you've thought your way through questions of fertility and menopause and what it means to be without children because it all happened catastrophically". This led Mantel to see the problematised woman's body as a theme in her writing. She later became patron of the Endometriosis SHE Trust.

Mantel died on 22 September 2022, aged 70, at a hospital in Exeter, from complications of a stroke that had occurred three days earlier.

Views

During her university years, Mantel identified as a socialist, and was a member of the Young Communist League.

Comments on royalty

In a 2013 speech on media and royal women at the British Museum, Mantel commented on Catherine Middleton, then the Duchess of Cambridge, saying that Middleton was forced to present herself publicly as a personality-free "shop window mannequin" whose sole purpose is to deliver an heir to the throne. Mantel expanded on these views in an essay, "Royal Bodies", for the ''London Review of Books'' (LRB): "It may be that the whole phenomenon of monarchy is irrational, but that doesn't mean that when we look at it we should behave like spectators at Bedlam. Cheerful curiosity can easily become cruelty".Mantel, Hilary (21 February 2013)
"Royal Bodies"
''London Review of Books'', 35:4, pp.3–7.

These remarks stimulated substantial public debate. The Leader of the Opposition Ed Miliband and Prime Minister David Cameron both criticised Mantel's remarks, while Jemima Khan defended Mantel. Zing Tsjeng praised the LRB essay, finding the "clarity of prose and analysis is just incredible".

Margaret Thatcher

In September 2014, in an interview published in ''The Guardian'', Mantel said she had fantasised about the murder of the British prime minister Margaret Thatcher in 1983, and fictionalised the event in a short story called "The Assassination of Margaret Thatcher: 6 August 1983". Allies of Thatcher called for a police investigation, to which Mantel responded: "Bringing in the police for an investigation was beyond anything I could have planned or hoped for, because it immediately exposes them to ridicule."

Comments on Catholicism

Mantel discussed her religious views in her 2003 memoir, ''Giving Up the Ghost''. Brought up as a Roman Catholic, she ceased to believe at age 12, but said the religion left a permanent mark on her:

hereal cliché, the sense of guilt. You grow up believing that you're wrong and bad. And for me, because I took what I was told really seriously, it bred a very intense habit of introspection and self-examination and a terrible severity with myself. So that nothing was ever good enough. It's like installing a policeman, and one moreover who keeps changing the law.

In a 2013 interview with ''The Telegraph'', Mantel stated: "I think that nowadays the Catholic Church is not an institution for respectable people. ..When I was a child I wondered why priests and nuns were not nicer people. I thought that they were amongst the worst people I knew." These statements, as well as the themes explored in her earlier novel '' Fludd'', led the Catholic bishop Mark O'Toole to comment: "There is an anti-Catholic thread there, there is no doubt about it. ''Wolf Hall'' is not neutral."

List of works

Novels

* Every Day Is Mother's Day series:
*# ''Every Day Is Mother's Day'': Chatto & Windus, 1985 ()
*# ''Vacant Possession'': Chatto & Windus, 1986 ()
* ''Eight Months on Ghazzah Street'': Viking Press, 1988 ()
* '' Fludd'': Viking Press, 1989 ()
* ''A Place of Greater Safety'': Viking Press, 1992 ()
* ''A Change of Climate'': Viking Press, 1994 ()
* ''An Experiment in Love'': Viking Press, 1995
* ''The Giant, O'Brien'': Fourth Estate, 1998 ()
* ''Beyond Black'': Fourth Estate, 2005 ()
* Thomas Cromwell series:
*# ''Wolf Hall'': Fourth Estate, 2009
*# ''Bring Up the Bodies'': Fourth Estate, 2012
*# '' The Mirror & the Light'': Fourth Estate, 5 March 2020.

Short story collections

* ''Learning to Talk'' ( Fourth Estate, 2003; )
** "King Billy Is a Gentleman"
** "Destroyed"
** "Curved Is the Line of Beauty"
** "Learning to Talk"
** "Third Floor Rising"
** "The Clean Slate"
* ''The Assassination of Margaret Thatcher'' ( Fourth Estate, 2014; )
** "Sorry to Disturb"
** "Comma"
** "The Long QT"
** "Winter Break"
** "Harley Street"
** "Offences Against the Person"
** "How Shall I Know You?"
** "The Heart Fails Without Warning"
** "Terminus"
** "The English School"
** "The Assassination of Margaret Thatcher"

Memoir

* ''Giving Up the Ghost'' ( Fourth Estate, 2003; )

Selected articles and essays

"What a man this is, with his crowd of women around him!"
''London Review of Books'', 30 March 2000.

"Some Girls Want Out"
''London Review of Books'', v. 26 no. 5, pg 14–18, 4 March 2004.

"Diary"
''London Review of Books'', 4 November 2010.

"Royal Bodies"
''London Review of Books'', 21 February 2013.

"Blot, erase, delete: How the author found her voice and why all writers should resist the urge to change their past words"
''Index Censorship'', September 2016.

Awards and honours

Literary prizes

* 1987 The Spectators Shiva Naipaul Prize for travel writing for ''Last Morning in Al Hamra''
* 1990 Southern Arts Literature Prize for ''Fludd''
* 1990 Cheltenham Prize for ''Fludd''
* 1990 Winifred Holtby Memorial Prize for ''Fludd''
* 1992 Sunday Express Book of the Year for ''A Place of Greater Safety''
* 1996 Hawthornden Prize for ''An Experiment in Love''
* 2003 MIND Book of the Year for ''Giving Up the Ghost (A Memoir)''
* 2009 Booker Prize for ''Wolf Hall''
* 2009 National Book Critics Circle Award for ''Wolf Hall''
* 2010 UK Author of the Year, Waterstones Book Awards, for ''Wolf Hall''
* 2012 Booker Prize for ''Bring Up the Bodies''
* 2012 UK Author of the Year, British Book Awards, for ''Bring Up the Bodies''
* 2012 Novel prize and Book of the Year, Costa Book Awards, for ''Bring Up the Bodies''
* 2013 David Cohen Prize
* 2013 Literature prize, South Bank Show Awards, for ''Bring up the Bodies''
* 2016 British Academy President's Medal
* 2016 Kenyon Review Award for Literary Achievement

Honours

*Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2006 Birthday Honours
* 2009 Honorary DLitt from Sheffield Hallam University
* 2011 Honorary DLitt from the University of Exeter
* 2011 Honorary DLitt from Kingston University
* 2013 Honorary DLitt from the University of Cambridge
* 2013 Honorary DLitt from the University of Derby
* 2013 Honorary DLitt from Bath Spa University
*Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in the 2014 Birthday Honours, for services to literature
* 2015 Honorary LLD from the London School of Economics
* 2015 Honorary DLitt from the University of Oxford
* 2015 Honorary degree from Oxford Brookes University

References

External links

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Hilary Mantel Papers
— Huntington Library
* Hilary Mantel
''Royal Bodies''
2013 February 21 · ''London Review of Books'' Vol. 35 No. 4

Mantel articles archive
at ''London Review of Books''

Mantel articles archive
at ''The New York Review of Books''

Articles by Hilary Mantel
on her publisher's blog, ''5th Estate''
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with Ramona Koval, The Book Show, ABC Radio National, 2008-10-21

Profile
in ''The New Yorker'' magazine
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mantel, Hilary
1952 births
2022 deaths
20th-century English novelists
20th-century English women writers
20th-century essayists
21st-century British novelists
21st-century English women writers
21st-century essayists
Alumni of the London School of Economics
Alumni of the University of Sheffield
Booker Prize winners
British women essayists
Costa Book Award winners
Critics of the Catholic Church
Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
David Cohen Prize recipients
English essayists
English historical novelists
English literary critics
English people of Irish descent
English women non-fiction writers
English women novelists
Fellows of King's College London
Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature
Former Roman Catholics
New Statesman people
People from Glossop
People from Hadfield, Derbyshire
People from Romiley
Recipients of the President's Medal (British Academy)
Walter Scott Prize winners
Women historical novelists
British women literary critics
Writers of historical fiction set in the early modern period