High value resistors (HVR) are electronic components used for special applications, such as in bio-medical systems, measurement equipment and some condenser

microphone A microphone, colloquially called a mic or mike (), is a transducer that converts sound into an electrical signal. Microphones are used in many applications such as telephones, hearing aids, public address systems for concert halls and public ...

s. While discrete

resistors A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active el ...

in the range of few tens of

megohm Ohm (symbol Ω) is a unit of electrical resistance named after Georg Ohm. Ohm or OHM may also refer to: People * Georg Ohm (1789–1854), German physicist and namesake of the term ''ohm'' * Germán Ohm (born 1936), Mexican boxer * Jörg Ohm (bor ...

are very common, making giga-ohm range resistors is more complicated. Discrete resistors are available up to several tera-ohms, but are expensive because of limited demand. Sometimes, a combination of

active Active may refer to: Music * ''Active'' (album), a 1992 album by Casiopea * Active Records, a record label Ships * ''Active'' (ship), several commercial ships by that name * HMS ''Active'', the name of various ships of the British Royal ...

and passive electronic devices is used to achieve such a high resistance.A. Tajalli, et al., "Implementing ultra-high-value floating tunable CMOS resistors," IEE Electronic Letters 2008

References

Electrical components Resistive components {{electronics-stub