Materials
The stock removal rate is largely a function of the material's properties. This is expressed as the machinability of a material: the ease or difficulty of machining a particular material. The machinability of materials varies greatly; for instance, aluminium and magnesium have high machinability compared to titanium and other special metals.Specific energy
One way of quantifying the machinability of a material is to measureNew materials
New materials are continuously developed to address the extreme demands of market segments such as petrochemical and aerospace. Metallurgical advances have produced a wide range of high-performance materials (e.g. titanium and high-nickel alloys), but a consequence of their attractive properties is often that they are difficult to machine.Temperature rising
The specific cutting energy needed for ‘difficult to machine’ materials can be extremely high. Especially in high stock removal applications, there are problems with thermal load in the work material. An increase of the work material temperature can lead to deterioration of the work material surface integrity, resulting in metallurgical damages like micro-cracks, residual stresses and work hardening. Excessive heat also dramatically shortens tool life.High stock removal machine tools
The energy required to remove large amounts of material depends on the properties of the working material (specific energy) as well as the technological process used.Technologies
Several technologies are capable of removing substantial amounts of material. Among them are: sawing,Grinding
Traditionally bonded abrasives are used for stock removal. To remove substantial amounts of material in a grinding process, vertical segment grinders are used. These machines work with a rotating disc with abrasive segments, against which the work material is pressed with the aid of a rotating or reciprocating table. These technologies require significantly greater power than other grinding methods, up to . Some major manufactures of these machines are Blanchard, Mattison, Göckel and Reform.Belt grinding
Grinding with coated abrasives has recently become a viable alternative for high stock removal through developments in machine tool and grinding belt technology. Belt grinding with coated abrasives can be an attractive process because the large surface area of the recirculating belt tends to carry away heat and prevent local hot spots. The productivity of this technology is, in many cases, three times that of rotary or reciprocating vertical grinders. As a result, belt grinding is replacing traditional grinding technologies in the field of the specialty metal processing. {{DEFAULTSORT:High Stock Removal Grinding and lapping