High Bridge, also known as the Glory Hole, carries the High Street across the River Witham in the city of Lincoln in

Lincolnshire Lincolnshire (), abbreviated ''Lincs'', is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in the East Midlands and Yorkshire and the Humber regions of England. It is bordered by the East Riding of Yorkshire across the Humber estuary to th ...

, England. It is the oldest bridge in the United Kingdom on which buildings still stand.

History

The bridge was built around 1160. The ribs of the original bridge survive, making it possibly the second-oldest masonry arch bridge in Britain and certainly the oldest with intact buildings on it. Churches and other ecclesiastical buildings were not uncommon on or near medieval bridges but High Bridge is unusual in carrying a secular building.Barton, p. 99. The current row of timber framed shops on the west side of the bridge date from about 1550. Stokes Tea & Coffee have been custodians of the building since 1937. The two upper storeys of the shops are jettied forward and at the corners there are carved figures of angels. The shops were partly dismantled and re-erected in 1901–02 under the supervision of the Lincoln architect William Watkins. Bridges like this were common in the Middle Ages, the best known being London Bridge, but most have long since been demolished because of their obstruction to the river flow and to shipping. The Glory Hole is the name given by generations of boaters to the High Bridge in Lincoln. Locally, the term extends to the pedestrian walkways leading up to the bridge, some of which sit on original wooden structures. The structure has a narrow and crooked arch which sets a limit on the size of boats using the Witham and going from Brayford Pool, at the start of Foss Dyke, to

Boston Boston is the capital and most populous city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. The city serves as the cultural and Financial centre, financial center of New England, a region of the Northeas ...

and the sea.High Bridge
''Visit Lincoln''. Retrieved 3 December 2023. Since the 14th century, the bridge has contributed to floods in Lincoln and after any heavy rain the bridge is virtually unnavigable to boats, which may be why it got its name. A design by William Jessop in the 19th century to reroute the waters of the Witham through the south of the town was never implemented. The bridge is both a grade I

listed building In the United Kingdom, a listed building is a structure of particular architectural or historic interest deserving of special protection. Such buildings are placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Hi ...

and a

scheduled monument In the United Kingdom, a scheduled monument is a nationally important archaeological site or historic building, given protection against unauthorised change. The various pieces of legislation that legally protect heritage assets from damage, visu ...

. For centuries the main thoroughfare through Lincoln was the High Street and all traffic had to cross High Bridge. A bypass was built in 1971, taking traffic away from the city centre, and the High Street, including the bridge, was pedestrianised.

Design

The bridge has a single

ashlar Ashlar () is a cut and dressed rock (geology), stone, worked using a chisel to achieve a specific form, typically rectangular in shape. The term can also refer to a structure built from such stones. Ashlar is the finest stone masonry unit, a ...

arch with a span of about . The oldest part is the centre, which was originally about long. It was made from five barrel vaulted ribs, of which the three inner ribs were wide and the two on the outside were wide. The bridge was extended by in the downstream direction in about 1235 to accommodate a

bridge chapel A bridge chapel is a small place of Christianity, Christian worship, built either on, or immediately adjacent to, a road bridge; they were commonly established during pre-Reformation medieval era in Europe. Although sometimes built on land at the ...

. The extension was supported by quadripartite vaulting. At some point after this, two of the middle ribs under the original bridge and some of the vaulting connecting the original part to the extension was removed and replaced with brickwork, apparently to make the arch shallower at road level. A further extension of was added to the upstream upstream in the 1540s. This was a flatter arch with no vaulting, and was designed to support timber-framed buildings. In 1762, a further small extension was added to the downstream side, giving the bridge a total length of . The bridge chapel, built on the bridge in 1235, fell into disuse in 1549 as a result of the

English Reformation The English Reformation began in 16th-century England when the Church of England broke away first from the authority of the pope and bishops Oath_of_Supremacy, over the King and then from some doctrines and practices of the Catholic Church ...

. It was demolished in 1762 and a stone obelisk was built on its site as a conduit. The obelisk was removed in 1939 as it impeded traffic across the bridge.

References

Bibliography

Footnotes

{{reflist Bridges in Lincolnshire Grade I listed bridges Buildings and structures completed in 1160 Buildings and structures in Lincoln, England Bridges with buildings Scheduled monuments in Lincolnshire Timber framed buildings in England Bridges completed in the 12th century Arch bridges in the United Kingdom English churches dedicated to St Thomas Becket River Witham

History

Design

See also

References

Bibliography

Footnotes