''Heterophyes nocens'' is a species of

trematode Trematoda is a class of flatworms known as flukes. They are obligate internal parasites with a complex life cycle requiring at least two hosts. The intermediate host, in which asexual reproduction occurs, is usually a snail. The definitive host ...

s, or fluke worms, in the family

Heterophyidae Heterophyidae is a family of intestinal trematodes in the order Plagiorchiida. Description: " Tegument covered by spines. Oral sucker not armed or armed by cyrcumoral spines. Pharynx presented. Genital synus presented. Ventral and genital suc ...

Distribution

This species occurs in: * southwestern Korea in coastal regions *

Kōchi Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Shikoku. Kōchi Prefecture has a population of 757,914 (1 December 2011) and has a geographic area of 7,103 km2 (2,742 sq mi). Kōchi Prefecture borders Ehime Prefecture to the northwest and ...

Chiba Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Chiba Prefecture has a population of 6,278,060 (1 June 2019) and has a geographic area of . Chiba Prefecture borders Ibaraki Prefecture to the north, Saitama Prefecture to the ...

Yamaguchi Prefecture is a Prefectures of Japan, prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu. Yamaguchi Prefecture has a population of 1,377,631 (1 February 2018) and has a geographic area of 6,112 Square kilometre, km2 (2,359 Square mile, sq mi). Y ...

Chūgoku region The , also known as the region, is the westernmost region of Honshū, the largest island of Japan. It consists of the prefectures of Hiroshima, Okayama, Shimane, Tottori, and Yamaguchi. In 2010, it had a population of 7,563,428. History '' ...

Hiroshima Prefecture is a Prefectures of Japan, prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu. Hiroshima Prefecture has a population of 2,811,410 (1 June 2019) and has a geographic area of 8,479 km² (3,274 sq mi). Hiroshima Prefecture borders Okayama ...

, and

Shizuoka Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region of Honshu. Shizuoka Prefecture has a population of 3,637,998 and has a geographic area of . Shizuoka Prefecture borders Kanagawa Prefecture to the east, Yamanashi Prefecture to the northea ...

in Japan * China.Chai J. Y., Darwin Murrell K. & Lymbery A. J. (2005). "Fish-borne parasitic zoonoses: Status and issues". ''

International Journal for Parasitology The ''International Journal for Parasitology'' is an international medical journal published for the Australian Society for Parasitology by Elsevier. The journal includes original research articles, reviews, and commentary relating to parasites ...

'' 35(11-12): 1233-1254. .

Life cycle

The first intermediate hosts of ''Heterophyes nocens'' include brackish water snail ''

Cerithideopsilla cingulata ''Pirenella cingulata'' is a species of medium-sized sea snails or mud snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Potamididae, the horn snails.Bouchet, P. (2016). Pirenella cingulata (Gmelin, 1791). In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through ...

''. The second intermediate host include freshwater fish: ''

Mugil cephalus The flathead grey mullet (''Mugil cephalus'') is an important food fish species in the mullet family Mugilidae. It is found in coastal tropical and subtropical waters worldwide. Its length is typically . It is known with numerous English names, ...

'', and '' Acanthogobius flavimanus''. Natural definitive hosts are fish-eating animals: cats, and humans. It can infect humans when eating raw fish. Experimental definitive hosts are: dogs and cats.

References

External links

* Heterophyidae Animals described in 1916 {{parasitic animal-stub