Heterophragma Quadriloculare (2396003962) on:
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''Heterophragma'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of two species of tree, constituting part of the plant family Bignoniaceae.
The species are found in Southeast Asia and India.
Naming and classification
''Heterophragma'' is part of the Palaeotropical Clade of the Bignoniaceae, closely related to the following genera: '' Catophractes'', '' Dolichandrone'', '' Fernandoa'', ''Kigelia
''Kigelia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Bignoniaceae. The genus consists of only one species, ''Kigelia africana'', which occurs throughout tropical Africa. The so-called sausage tree grows a poisonous fruit that is up to long, ...
'', ''Markhamia
''Markhamia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Bignoniaceae. The genus is named after Clements Markham.
Species
* ''Markhamia lutea'' (Benth.) K.Schum.
Karl Moritz Schumann (17 June 1851 – 22 March 1904) was a German botani ...
'', ''Newbouldia
''Newbouldia'' is a genus of plants in the family Bignoniaceae native to Africa. It is a monotypic genus consisting of the species ''Newbouldia laevis'' (common name: boundary tree).
The tree has a wide distribution across West and Central Afr ...
'', ''Radermachera
''Radermachera'' is a genus of about 17 species of flowering plants in the family Bignoniaceae, native to southeastern Asia. They are evergreen trees reaching 5–40 m tall, with bipinnate or tripinnate leaves, and panicles of large bell-shaped, ...
'', '' Rhigozum'', ''Spathodea
''Spathodea'' is a genus in the plant family Bignoniaceae. The single species it contains, ''Spathodea campanulata'', is commonly known as the African tulip tree. The tree grows between tall and is native to tropical dry forests of Africa. It ha ...
'', and ''Stereospermum
''Stereospermum'' is a genus of trees in the paleotropical clade of the family Bignoniaceae. A species of ''Stereospermum'' (S. chelonoides) is used in herbal medicine in Ayurveda as well as it is an integral part of the culture and tradition of ...
''; and to the Coleeae clade (which contains '' Colea'', '' Phyllarthron'', '' Phylloctenium'', and '' Rhodocolea'').
The Coleeae clade species are found in Madagascar and surrounding islands, whereas the other genera are found in Asia, Africa and Madagascar.
The influential Swiss botanist, Augustin Pyramus de Candolle (1778-1841) named the genus in 1845, in his publication ''Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis
''Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis'' (1824–1873), also known by its standard botanical abbreviation ''Prodr. (DC.)'', is a 17-volume treatise on botany initiated by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle. De Candolle intended it as a summa ...
''.
Description
The trees, which can grow up to 20m tall, have whorled/verticillate arrangement of leaves, which are in 3 or four pinnate pairs. Upper side of the leaves are hairy/possessing trichomes, which are star-shaped/stellate.Inflorescences
An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a Plant stem, stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Morphology (biology), Morphologically, it is the modified part of the shoot of sperma ...
/groups of flowers are in terminal thyrses
A thyrse is a type of inflorescence in which the main axis grows indeterminately, and the subaxes (branches) have determinate growth.{{cite book , author1=Hickey, M., author2=King, C. , year=2001 , title=The Cambridge Illustrated Glossary of Bot ...
(put simply, in a stalked arrangement at end of branches). Flowers are cream-white to pale yellow. Calyx are tubular and irregularly lobed. Corolla are tubular with unequal lobes, straight, cream-white to pale yellow in colour. The 4 stamen are shorter that the corolla, anthers are hairless, a single staminodium (infertile stamen structure) is adjacent to the stamens. Ovary is elliptical, lacks hairs and has many ovules per ovary chamber. Fruit are long cylindrical pods with woody valves. Calyx is not permanent on fruit. Seeds are broad and possess translucent wings.
Species
*''Heterophragma quadriloculare
''Heterophragma'' is a genus of two species of tree, constituting part of the plant family Bignoniaceae.
The species are found in Southeast Asia and India.
Naming and classification
''Heterophragma'' is part of the Palaeotropical Clade of the ...
''
*''Heterophragma sulfureum
''Haplophragma sulfureum'' is a tree in the Bignoniaceae family, found in four countries of Southeast Asia. The pods are used as tinder, while the wood is used for light construction and traditional medicine.
Description
The species grows as a 8 ...
''
The following former species have now been shifted to other taxa listed:
*''Heterophragma adenophyllum
''Heterophragma'' is a genus of two species of tree, constituting part of the plant family Bignoniaceae.
The species are found in Southeast Asia and India.
Naming and classification
''Heterophragma'' is part of the Palaeotropical Clade of the ...
'' = '' Fernandoa adenophylla''
*''Heterophragma chelonoides
''Heterophragma'' is a genus of two species of tree, constituting part of the plant family Bignoniaceae.
The species are found in Southeast Asia and India.
Naming and classification
''Heterophragma'' is part of the Palaeotropical Clade of the ...
'' = ''Stereospermum chelonoides
''Stereospermum chelonoides'' is a deciduous tree native to South Asia.
In Theravada Buddhism, this plant is said to have used as the tree for achieved enlightenment, or Bodhi by third Buddha
Siddhartha Gautama, most commonly referred ...
''
*''Heterophragma longipes
''Heterophragma'' is a genus of two species of tree, constituting part of the plant family Bignoniaceae.
The species are found in Southeast Asia and India.
Naming and classification
''Heterophragma'' is part of the Palaeotropical Clade of the ...
'' = '' Fernandoa magnifica''
*''Heterophragma macrolobum
''Heterophragma'' is a genus of two species of tree, constituting part of the plant family Bignoniaceae.
The species are found in Southeast Asia and India.
Naming and classification
''Heterophragma'' is part of the Palaeotropical Clade of the ...
'' = '' Fernandoa macroloba''
*''Heterophragma roxburghii
''Heterophragma'' is a genus of two species of tree, constituting part of the plant family Bignoniaceae.
The species are found in Southeast Asia and India.
Naming and classification
''Heterophragma'' is part of the Palaeotropical Clade of the ...
'' = ''Heterophragma quadriloculare
''Heterophragma'' is a genus of two species of tree, constituting part of the plant family Bignoniaceae.
The species are found in Southeast Asia and India.
Naming and classification
''Heterophragma'' is part of the Palaeotropical Clade of the ...
''
*'' Heterophragma suaveolens'' = ''Stereospermum chelonoides
''Stereospermum chelonoides'' is a deciduous tree native to South Asia.
In Theravada Buddhism, this plant is said to have used as the tree for achieved enlightenment, or Bodhi by third Buddha
Siddhartha Gautama, most commonly referred ...
''
*'' Heterophragma vestitum'' = ''Heterophragma sulfureum
''Haplophragma sulfureum'' is a tree in the Bignoniaceae family, found in four countries of Southeast Asia. The pods are used as tinder, while the wood is used for light construction and traditional medicine.
Description
The species grows as a 8 ...
''
Further reading
*Santisuk, T. & Vidal, J.E. (1985). Bignoniacées Flore du Cambodge du Laos et du Viêt-Nam 22: 1-72. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q150930 Bignoniaceae genera Taxa named by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle