Hermanice is a district of
Ustroń,
Silesian Voivodeship, Poland. It was a separate municipality, but became administratively a part of Ustroń in 1945.
History
The village was first mentioned in 1484. It belonged then to the
Duchy of Teschen, a
fee of the
Kingdom of Bohemia. Politically the village belonged then to the
Duchy of Teschen, a
fee of the
Kingdom of Bohemia, which after 1526 became part of the
Habsburg monarchy
The Habsburg monarchy (german: Habsburgermonarchie, ), also known as the Danubian monarchy (german: Donaumonarchie, ), or Habsburg Empire (german: Habsburgerreich, ), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities ...
.
In 1837, a
paper mill
A paper mill is a factory devoted to making paper from vegetable fibres such as wood pulp, old rags, and other ingredients. Prior to the invention and adoption of the Fourdrinier machine and other types of paper machine that use an endless belt, ...
was moved here from
Ustroń. In the 1870s, a housing estate was built here to accommodate 80 families of workers of a forge in a nearby
Ustroń.
After
Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire
The Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire were a set of revolutions that took place in the Austrian Empire from March 1848 to November 1849. Much of the revolutionary activity had a nationalist character: the Empire, ruled from Vienna, incl ...
a modern
municipal division was introduced in the re-established
Austrian Silesia. The village as a municipality was subscribed to the
political district of
Bielsko and the
legal district of
Skoczów. According to the censuses conducted in 1880, 1890, 1900 and 1910 the population of the municipality grew from 749 in 1880 to 917 in 1910, with a growing majority of the inhabitants being native Polish-speakers (85.5% in 1880 and 94.9% in 1910) and dwindling minority German-speaking (11.5% in 1880 and 5.1% in 1910) and Czech-speaking (22 or 3% in 1880 and zero since 1900), with a majority of
Protestants
Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century against what its followers perceived to b ...
(54.7% in 1910), followed by
Roman Catholics
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
(44.8% in 1910) and
Jews (5 people).
The village was also traditionally inhabited by
Cieszyn Vlachs
The Cieszyn Vlachs ( pl, Wałasi cieszyńscy, cs, Těšínští Valaši) are a Polish ethnographic group (subgroup of Silesians) living around the towns of Cieszyn and Skoczów, one of the four major ethnographic groups in Cieszyn Silesia, t ...
, speaking
Cieszyn Silesian dialect.
After
World War I, fall of
Austria-Hungary,
Polish–Czechoslovak War and the division of
Cieszyn Silesia in 1920, it became a part of
Poland. It was then
annexed
Annexation (Latin ''ad'', to, and ''nexus'', joining), in international law, is the forcible acquisition of one state's territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory. It is generally held to be an illegal act ...
by
Nazi Germany at the beginning of
World War II. After the war it was restored to
Poland.
References
Neighbourhoods in Silesian Voivodeship
Ustroń
{{Cieszyn-geo-stub