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Herbert Schwarzwälder (14 October 1919 – 11 September 2011) was a German historian. With his decades of work and his extensive publications, he has had a major influence on the research and communication of the .


Life

Schwarzwälder was born in
Bremen Bremen (Low German also: ''Breem'' or ''Bräm''), officially the City Municipality of Bremen (german: Stadtgemeinde Bremen, ), is the capital of the German state Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (''Freie Hansestadt Bremen''), a two-city-state consis ...
. His younger brother was the Heimatforscher (1929–2019). He attended the grammar school and graduated in 1938 with his
Abitur ''Abitur'' (), often shortened colloquially to ''Abi'', is a qualification granted at the end of secondary education in Germany. It is conferred on students who pass their final exams at the end of ISCED 3, usually after twelve or thirteen year ...
. He was then called up for
Reichsarbeitsdienst The Reich Labour Service (''Reichsarbeitsdienst''; RAD) was a major organisation established in Nazi Germany as an agency to help mitigate the effects of unemployment on the German economy, militarise the workforce and indoctrinate it with Nazi ...
, then for military service with an air force and the anti-aircraft artillery. During the Second World War, he was first deployed in the Homeland Security, later in a technical department in the Soviet Union and in the West. Schwarzwälder had to spend several years as prisoner of war in camps in France, the US and England. In 1947, he was able to return to Bremen.Günter Garbrecht
''Professor Dr. phil. Herbert Schwarzwälder'' , url=http://www-user.uni-bremen.de/~bremhist/Schwarzw.html
/ref> In ''Ein Streifzug durch Bremens Geschichte'', Online-Geschichtsprojekt auf www.-user.uni-bremen.de; retrieved 25 November 2020. From 1948, he studied history, German, English and political science at the Philipps University of Marburg. In 1953, he passed his first
Staatsexamen The ("state examination" or "exam by state"; pl.: ''Staatsexamina'') is a German government licensing examination that future physicians, dentists, teachers, pharmacists, food chemists, psychotherapists and jurists (i.e., lawyers, judges, public ...
and obtained his
doctorate A doctorate (from Latin ''docere'', "to teach"), doctor's degree (from Latin ''doctor'', "teacher"), or doctoral degree is an academic degree awarded by universities and some other educational institutions, derived from the ancient formalism ''l ...
in
Marburg Marburg ( or ) is a university town in the German federal state (''Bundesland'') of Hesse, capital of the Marburg-Biedenkopf district (''Landkreis''). The town area spreads along the valley of the river Lahn and has a population of approximate ...
with the historical work ''Entstehung und Anfänge der Stadt Bremen''. After his and the Second Staatsexamen, he worked from 1955 as Assessor and
Studienrat Studienrat (abbreviated StR) is an official title/rank of higher teachers in the German and Austrian education system. Even though the German and Austrian education systems use the same term, there are differences in the level and usage of this rank ...
at the in the Bremen . In 1960, he was appointed
Professor Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an Academy, academic rank at university, universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries. Literally, ''professor'' derives from Latin as a "person who pr ...
of History at the then , which was incorporated into the newly founded
University of Bremen The University of Bremen (German: ''Universität Bremen'') is a public university in Bremen, Germany, with approximately 23,500 people from 115 countries. It is one of 11 institutions which were successful in the category "Institutional Strategi ...
in 1971. Until 1988, Schwarzwälder taught there as a full university professor with the following main subjects: ,
Nazism Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Na ...
era and the
Hanseatic League The Hanseatic League (; gml, Hanse, , ; german: label=Modern German, Deutsche Hanse) was a medieval commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds and market towns in Central and Northern Europe. Growing from a few North German to ...
. Since 1953, Schwarzwälder's research focused on the history of the
Free Hanseatic City of Bremen Bremen (), officially the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (german: Freie Hansestadt Bremen; nds, Free Hansestadt Bremen), is the smallest and least populous of Germany's 16 states. It is informally called ("State of Bremen"), although the term ...
. He gave many lectures and published numerous publications on the contemporary and cultural history of Bremen and Northwest Germany as well as the Hanseatic League. In 1975 and 1985 his four-volume work on the ''History of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen'' appeared, which has since become the standard work''Bremen historian Schwarzwälder dead.'' In
Weser-Kurier The Bremer Tageszeitung AG (BTAG) (Bremer newspaper AG) is a publishing house that publishes various regional newspapers in the city of Bremen Bremen (Low German also: ''Breem'' or ''Bräm''), officially the City Municipality of Bremen (germa ...
dated 14 September 2011, .
about the history of Bremen. After his retirement in 1988, he continued his research and publication work. In 2001, he published under the title ''
Das Große Bremen-Lexikon ''Das Große Bremen-Lexikon'' is an 18th-century encyclopaedia by the Freie Hansestadt Bremen, written by Herbert Schwarzwälder about * the region, as Territory of Bremen, as Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (Bremen Archbishopric), as Bremen-Verd ...
'' the first coherent reference work on interesting and enigatic things about and in the city-state of Bremen, which was described as "a treasure trove on the past and present of Bremen and
Bremerhaven Bremerhaven (, , Low German: ''Bremerhoben'') is a city at the seaport of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen, a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. It forms a semi-enclave in the state of Lower Saxony and is located at the mouth of the Riv ...
s"''Ganz Bremen in einem Lexikon. Four years of hard work have resulted in around 830 pages of Bremen''
On ''
Welt Online Welt, welts or variants may refer to: Media * ''Die Welt'' (''The World''), a German national newspaper ** ''Welt am Sonntag'' (''World on Sunday''), the Sunday edition of ''Die Welt'' * ''Die Welt'', former weekly newspaper in Vienna, Austria * ...
'' dated 28 November 2001; retrieved 25 November 2020.
and now also is considered a standard work. Schwarzwälder died in Bremen at the age of 91.


Publications

* ''Entstehung und Anfänge der Stadt Bremen.'' Carl Schünemann Verlag, Bremen 1955. * ''Reise in Bremens Vergangenheit.'' Carl Schünemann Verlag, Bremen 1965. * ''Die Machtergreifung der NSDAP in Bremen 1933.'' Carl Schünemann Verlag, Bremen 1966. * ''Bremen und Nordwestdeutschland am Kriegsende 1945 (part I).'' Carl Schünemann Verlag, Bremen 1972, . * ''Bremen und Nordwestdeutschland am Kriegsende 1945 (part II).'' Carl Schünemann Verlag, Bremen 1973, . * ''Bremen im Wandel der Zeiten – Die Neustadt und ihre Vororte.'' Carl Schünemann Verlag, Bremen 1973, . * ''Bremen und Nordwestdeutschland am Kriegsende 1945 (part III).'' Carl Schünemann Verlag, Bremen 1974, . * ''Das Ende an der Unterweser 1945. Bremerhaven (Wesermünde) und Umgebung am Kriegsende.'' Stadtarchiv Bremerhaven, Bremerhaven 1974. * ''Bremerhaven und seine Vorgängergemeinden / Ansichten, Pläne, Landkarten 1575 bis 1890.'' Stadtarchiv Bremerhaven, Bremerhaven 1977. * with : ''Deutschland Album nach alten Ansichtskarten.'' Flechsig Verlag, Frankfurt 1980, . * ''Postkartenalbum Oberneuland, Horn / Lehe, Schwachhausen, Parkviertel, Bürgerpark.'' Carl Schünemann Verlag, Bremen 1981, . * ''Berühmte Bremer.'' Paul List Verlag, Munich 1972, . * ''Bremen im Wandel der Zeiten – Die Altstadt.'' Carl Schünemann Verlag, Bremen 1985, . * ''Blick auf Bremen. Ansichten, Vogelschauen vom 16.–19. Jahrhundert, Stadtpläne.'' Carl Schünemann Verlag, Bremen 1985, . * ''Ansichten der Freien Hansestadt Bremen und ihrer Umgebungen.'' Carl Schünemann Verlag, Bremen 1985, . * ''Reisen und Reisende in Nordwestdeutschland, Vol. 1 (bis 1620).'' Lax Verlag, Hildesheim 1987, . * ''Bremer Sehenswürdigkeiten einst und jetzt.'' Carl Schünemann Verlag, Bremen 1990, . * ''Gruß aus Bremen. Ansichtskarten um die Jahrhundertwende.'' Flechsig Verlag, Frankfurt 1992, . * ''Reise in Bremens Vergangenheit. Stationen und Bilder einer 1200-jährigen Geschichte.'' Carl Schünemann Verlag, Bremen 1993, . * ''Bremer Geschichte.'' Döll-Verlag, Bremen 1993, . * ''Bremen – Ein verlorenes Stadtbild.'' Wartberg-Verlag, Gudensberg-Gleichen 1994, . * ''Geschichte der Freien Hansestadt Bremen in fünf Bänden.'' Erweiterte und verbesserte Auflage. , Bremen 1995, . ** ''Vol. 1: Von den Anfängen bis zur Franzosenzeit (1810).'' ** ''Vol. 2: Von der Franzosenzeit bis zum Ersten Weltkrieg (1810–1918).'' ** ''Vol. 3: Bremen in der Weimarer Republik (1918–1933).'' ** ''Vol. 4: Bremen in der NS-Zeit (1933–1945).'' ** ''Vol. 5: Bibliographie und Register.'' * ''Gruß aus Bremen. Die Altstadt auf frühen Ansichtskarten''. Edition Temmen, Bremen 1998, . * ''
Das Große Bremen-Lexikon ''Das Große Bremen-Lexikon'' is an 18th-century encyclopaedia by the Freie Hansestadt Bremen, written by Herbert Schwarzwälder about * the region, as Territory of Bremen, as Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (Bremen Archbishopric), as Bremen-Verd ...
''. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2003, . ** ''Vol. 1: A–K.'' 2., aktualisierte, überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. 2003. ** ''Vol. 2: L–Z.'' 2., aktualisierte, überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. 2003. ** ''Ergänzungs-Band. A–Z.'' 1st edition. 2008, . * ''Bremen in alten Reisebeschreibungen.'' Edition Temmen, Bremen 2006, .


Further reading

* ''Herbert Schwarzwälder. Eine besondere Festschrift zum 90. Geburtstag.'' Edition Temmen, Bremen 2009, . * Sylvelin Wissmann: "Herbert Schwarzwälder zum 90. Geburtstag." In ''Bremisches Jahrbuch.'' Vol. 88 (2009),
online
. * Adolf E. Hofmeister: "Prof. Dr. Herbert Schwarzwälder (14.10.1919–11.9.2011)." In ''Historische Gesellschaft Bremen.'' Vol. 90 (2011), .


References


External links

* * Leerer Eintrag: "Keine Biografie vorhanden."
''Bürgermeister Böhrnsen zum Tod von Professor Herbert Schwarzwälder''
Nachruf des Senators für Kultur der Freien Hansestadt Bremen 13 September 2011 {{DEFAULTSORT:Schwarzwalder, Herbert 20th-century German historians University of Bremen faculty 1919 births 2011 deaths Writers from Bremen Reich Labour Service members German Army personnel of World War II German prisoners of war in World War II held by France German prisoners of war in World War II held by the United States German prisoners of war in World War II held by the United Kingdom