''Hentzia'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

of the

spider Spiders ( order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight legs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude silk. They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species ...

family Salticidae (jumping spiders) subfamily Dendryphantinae. The genus is widespread in North America and northern South America but the center of biodiversity seems to be primarily in the

Caribbean The Caribbean (, ) ( es, El Caribe; french: la Caraïbe; ht, Karayib; nl, De Caraïben) is a region of the Americas that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Se ...

and surrounding areas, with the greatest species diversity occurring in

Cuba Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbea ...

, which has seven species. Some outlier species, such as ''Hentzia poenitens'' and ''

Hentzia fimbriata ''Hentzia'' is a genus of the spider family Salticidae (jumping spiders) subfamily Dendryphantinae. The genus is widespread in North America and northern South America but the center of biodiversity seems to be primarily in the Caribbean and sur ...

'' are found in western North America. It appears to be closely related to the genus '' Anicius'' from which it differs primarily in certain anatomical details.

Description

The genus is characterized by the females especially having hair (setal) pencils below the posterior medial eyes and spatulate hairs on the ventral margin of the first patella and distal femur. These characters are not found in '' Anicius'' and there are some differences in the structure of both male palpi and female epigyna. However, the anatomy is close enough that there is almost certainly some relationship to '' Anicius''.

Behavior

''Hentzia'' males perform fairly elaborate courtship displays and engage in both ritual agonistic displays and fighting. Displays have been observed in ''

Hentzia palmarum ''Hentzia palmarum'', the common hentz jumper, is a species of jumping spider in the family Salticidae Jumping spiders are a group of spiders that constitute the family Salticidae. As of 2019, this family contained over 600 described genera an ...

'', ''

Hentzia mitrata ''Hentzia mitrata'', the white-jawed jumping spider, is a species of jumping spider in the family Salticidae Jumping spiders are a group of spiders that constitute the family Salticidae. As of 2019, this family contained over 600 described gen ...

'' , ''

Hentzia antillana ''Hentzia'' is a genus of the spider family Salticidae (jumping spiders) subfamily Dendryphantinae. The genus is widespread in North America and northern South America but the center of biodiversity seems to be primarily in the Caribbean and sur ...

'', and ''

Hentzia grenada ''Hentzia grenada'' is a species of jumping spider. It is found in Florida and south Georgia in the United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country pr ...

'' and are suspected in the rest. In the species that have been observed, courtship begins with the male spreading his front legs and with the abdomen cocked to right or left and raised at an angle of about 30 degrees above the substrate. Males of ''H. palmarum'' started courtship from a distance of about 3-4 cm if the female moved even slightly. Some males were observed to switch the abdomen from right to left or left to right during courtship, but most kept the orientation with which they started the display. Most males moved toward the female in a zigzag path (with a sideways motion as much as 1 cm), with pauses during which the abdomen was straightened and then re-twisted. However some males proceeded in a straight path. When the male reached about 1 cm from the female he straightened his abdomen and stretched his front legs forward, eventually touching the female, raising and lowering his legs two or three times. If she was receptive the male then see-sawed his front legs over her several times and then mounted and twisted her abdomen before inserting one palp into her epigynum, repeating with a second palp on the other side. Males would often repeat mating several times until the female started to move. Male-male agonistic display initially began like courtship, but within seconds the males would unsheathe their fangs and move toward each other with abdomens cocked and front legs spread. If the males were of similar size they would usually lock chelicerae and touch spread front legs, trying to bite. Often one would break away and retreat. On occasion one did get bitten and leave with a damaged front leg.

Species

As of 2020, there were 22 recognized species: * ''

Hentzia alamosa ''Hentzia alamosa'' is a species of jumping spider in the family Salticidae. It is only known from Texas in the United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a ...

'' Richman, 2010 – United States (Texas) * ''

'' Bryant, 1940 –

West Indies The West Indies is a subregion of North America, surrounded by the North Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea that includes 13 independent island countries and 18 dependencies and other territories in three major archipelagos: the Greater A ...

* ''

Hentzia audax ''Hentzia'' is a genus of the spider family Salticidae (jumping spiders) subfamily Dendryphantinae. The genus is widespread in North America and northern South America but the center of biodiversity seems to be primarily in the Caribbean and sur ...

'' Bryant, 1940 –

* ''

Hentzia calypso ''Hentzia'' is a genus of the spider family Salticidae (jumping spiders) subfamily Dendryphantinae. The genus is widespread in North America and northern South America but the center of biodiversity seems to be primarily in the Caribbean and sur ...

'' Richman, 1989 –

Jamaica Jamaica (; ) is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea. Spanning in area, it is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean (after Cuba and Hispaniola). Jamaica lies about south of Cuba, and west of His ...

* ''

Hentzia chekika ''Hentzia chekika'' is a species of jumping spider in the family Salticidae. It is found in the United States, Bahama Islands, and Cuba Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country ...

'' Richman, 1989 – United States (Florida), Bahama Islands, Cuba * ''

Hentzia cubana ''Hentzia'' is a genus of the spider family Salticidae (jumping spiders) subfamily Dendryphantinae. The genus is widespread in North America and northern South America but the center of biodiversity seems to be primarily in the Caribbean and sur ...

'' Richman, 1989 – Cuba * ''

Hentzia elegans ''Hentzia elegans'' is a species of jumping spider found in North America. The male holotype is housed at the University of Cambridge , mottoeng = Literal: From here, light and sacred draughts. Non literal: From this place, w ...

'' ( Keyserling, 1885) –

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...

* ''

'' ( F. O. P-Cambridge, 1901) – Mexico to

Colombia Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular regions in North America—near Nicaragua's Caribbean coast—as well as in the Pacific Ocean. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Car ...

* ''

Hentzia footei ''Hentzia'' is a genus of the spider family Salticidae (jumping spiders) subfamily Dendryphantinae. The genus is widespread in North America and northern South America but the center of biodiversity seems to be primarily in the Caribbean and sur ...

'' ( Petrunkevitch, 1914) –

Lesser Antilles The Lesser Antilles ( es, link=no, Antillas Menores; french: link=no, Petites Antilles; pap, Antias Menor; nl, Kleine Antillen) are a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea. Most of them are part of a long, partially volcanic island arc betwe ...

* ''

'' (

Peckham & Peckham George Williams Peckham (March 23, 1845 – January 10, 1914) and Elizabeth Maria Gifford Peckham (December 19, 1854 – February 11, 1940) were a married couple who were early American teachers, taxonomists, ethologists, arachno ...

, 1894) – United States (Florida and Georgia) * '' Hentzia mandibularis'' (Bryant, 1943) –

Hispaniola Hispaniola (, also ; es, La Española; Latin and french: Hispaniola; ht, Ispayola; tnq, Ayiti or Quisqueya) is an island in the Caribbean that is part of the Greater Antilles. Hispaniola is the most populous island in the West Indies, and th ...

* ''

'' (Hentz, 1846) – United States, Canada, Bahama Islands * ''

'' (Hentz, 1832) – North America,

Bermuda ) , anthem = "God Save the King" , song_type = National song , song = " Hail to Bermuda" , image_map = , map_caption = , image_map2 = , mapsize2 = , map_caption2 = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = , e ...

, Bahama Islands, Cuba * '' Hentzia parallela'' (Peckham & Peckham, 1894) –

Honduras Honduras, officially the Republic of Honduras, is a country in Central America. The republic of Honduras is bordered to the west by Guatemala, to the southwest by El Salvador, to the southeast by Nicaragua, to the south by the Pacific Oce ...

Trinidad Trinidad is the larger and more populous of the two major islands of Trinidad and Tobago. The island lies off the northeastern coast of Venezuela and sits on the continental shelf of South America. It is often referred to as the southernmos ...

* ''

Hentzia pima ''Hentzia'' is a genus of the spider family Salticidae (jumping spiders) subfamily Dendryphantinae. The genus is widespread in North America and northern South America but the center of biodiversity seems to be primarily in the Caribbean and sur ...

'' Richman, 1989 – United States * '' Hentzia poenitens'' ( Chamberlin, 1924) – Mexico * '' Hentzia squamata'' (Petrunkevitch, 1930) –

Puerto Rico Puerto Rico (; abbreviated PR; tnq, Boriken, ''Borinquen''), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ( es, link=yes, Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, lit=Free Associated State of Puerto Rico), is a Caribbean island and Unincorporated ...

* '' Hentzia tibialis'' Bryant, 1940 – Cuba * '' Hentzia vernalis'' (Peckham & Peckham, 1893) –

St. Vincent Saint Vincent may refer to: People Saints * Vincent of Saragossa (died 304), a.k.a. Vincent the Deacon, deacon and martyr * Saint Vincenca, 3rd century Roman martyress, whose relics are in Blato, Croatia * Vincent, Orontius, and Victor (died 305) ...

* '' Hentzia vittata'' (Keyserling, 1885) –

Greater Antilles The Greater Antilles ( es, Grandes Antillas or Antillas Mayores; french: Grandes Antilles; ht, Gwo Zantiy; jam, Grieta hAntiliiz) is a grouping of the larger islands in the Caribbean Sea, including Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and ...

* ''

Hentzia whitcombi ''Hentzia'' is a genus of the spider family Salticidae (jumping spiders) subfamily Dendryphantinae. The genus is widespread in North America and northern South America but the center of biodiversity seems to be primarily in the Caribbean and sur ...

'' Richman, 1989 – Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles * '' Hentzia zombia'' Richman, 1989 – Hispaniola ''H. elegans'' is dubious and is almost certainly not a ''Hentzia''.

References

External links

Pictures of ''H. antillana''

{{Taxonbar, from=Q18499 Salticidae Salticidae genera Spiders of North America