Henry Stafford-Howard, 1st Earl of Stafford ( Howard; – 27 April 1719) was an English Jacobite.

Early life

Born as Henry Howard in , he was the eldest son of William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford (1614–1680) and Mary Howard, 1st Baroness Stafford. The Staffords were Catholics while the Howards were Protestants. Among his siblings were John Stafford-Howard (who served as

James II James II may refer to: * James II of Avesnes (died c. 1205), knight of the Fourth Crusade * James II of Majorca (died 1311), Lord of Montpellier * James II of Aragon (1267–1327), King of Sicily * James II, Count of La Marche (1370–1438), King C ...

's Ambassador to

Louis XIV , house = Bourbon , father = Louis XIII , mother = Anne of Austria , birth_date = , birth_place = Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France , death_date = , death_place = Palace of Vers ...

when the former was exiled at Saint-Germain), Francis Stafford-Howard (a

Groom of the Bedchamber Groom of the Chamber was a position in the Household of the monarch in early modern England. Other ''Ancien Régime'' royal establishments in Europe had comparable officers, often with similar titles. In France, the Duchy of Burgundy, and in Eng ...

to James II), Isabella Stafford-Howard (third wife of the 5th Marquess of Winchester), and Anastasia Stafford-Howard (wife of George Holman). Three of his sisters, Ursula, Delphina, and Alethea became nuns. His paternal grandparents were

Thomas Howard, 14th Earl of Arundel Thomas Howard, 14th Earl of Arundel KG, (7 July 1585 – 4 October 1646) was a prominent English courtier during the reigns of King James I and King Charles I, but he made his name as a Grand Tourist and art collector rather than as a politic ...

, and Alethea Talbot, Baroness Talbot (youngest daughter of the 7th Earl of Shrewsbury and Mary Cavendish). His maternal grandparents were Hon. Edward Stafford (heir apparent to the barony of Stafford who predeceased his father, the 4th Baron Stafford) and Ann Wilford (a daughter of James Wilford, Newman Hall, Quendon,

Essex Essex () is a county in the East of England. One of the home counties, it borders Suffolk and Cambridgeshire to the north, the North Sea to the east, Hertfordshire to the west, Kent across the estuary of the River Thames to the south, and G ...

Career

His parents were both attainted on 7 December 1680 as

Royalist A royalist supports a particular monarch as head of state for a particular kingdom, or of a particular dynastic claim. In the abstract, this position is royalism. It is distinct from monarchism, which advocates a monarchical system of governme ...

supporters, before his father was falsely implicated by Titus Oates in the later discredited "

Popish Plot The Popish Plot was a fictitious conspiracy invented by Titus Oates that between 1678 and 1681 gripped the Kingdoms of England and Scotland in anti-Catholic hysteria. Oates alleged that there was an extensive Catholic conspiracy to assassinate C ...

". William was executed for

treason Treason is the crime of attacking a state authority to which one owes allegiance. This typically includes acts such as participating in a war against one's native country, attempting to overthrow its government, spying on its military, its diplo ...

on 29 December 1680. In 1688, Stafford was a Colonel of Foot in 1688, the same year his name was legally changed to Henry Stafford-Howard. Upon the accession of

, his mother had her titles restored and was created 1st Countess of Stafford, for life, on 5 October 1688 in the

Peerage of England The Peerage of England comprises all peerages created in the Kingdom of England before the Act of Union in 1707. In that year, the Peerages of England and Scotland were replaced by one Peerage of Great Britain. There are five peerages in t ...

, as a consolation for the failure to reverse the attainder on his father. At the same time, Henry was created 1st Earl of Stafford, with a special remainder to his brothers and their male issue.Mosley, Charles, editor. ''Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, 3 volumes.''

Wilmington, Delaware Wilmington ( Lenape: ''Paxahakink /'' ''Pakehakink)'' is the largest city in the U.S. state of Delaware. The city was built on the site of Fort Christina, the first Swedish settlement in North America. It lies at the confluence of the Christina ...

Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd Burke's Peerage Limited is a British genealogical publisher founded in 1826, when the Irish genealogist John Burke began releasing books devoted to the ancestry and heraldry of the peerage, baronetage, knightage and landed gentry of Great Bri ...

, 2003, p. 3707. Following the

Glorious Revolution The Glorious Revolution; gd, Rèabhlaid Ghlòrmhor; cy, Chwyldro Gogoneddus , also known as the ''Glorieuze Overtocht'' or ''Glorious Crossing'' in the Netherlands, is the sequence of events leading to the deposition of King James II and ...

, which saw the deposition of

James II and VII James VII and II (14 October 1633 16 September 1701) was King of England and King of Ireland as James II, and King of Scotland as James VII from the death of his elder brother, Charles II, on 6 February 1685. He was deposed in the Glorious Re ...

in November 1688 to be replaced by his daughter

Mary II Mary II (30 April 166228 December 1694) was Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland, co-reigning with her husband, William III & II, from 1689 until her death in 1694. Mary was the eldest daughter of James, Duke of York, and his first wife ...

and her Dutch husband,

William III of Orange William III (William Henry; ; 4 November 16508 March 1702), also widely known as William of Orange, was the sovereign Prince of Orange from birth, Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel in the Dutch Republic from the ...

, Lord Stafford fled to France with James II and became a Jacobite, the political movement that supported the restoration of the senior line of the House of Stuart to the British throne.

Personal life

Portrait of a Man in a Turban (Jan van Eyck) with frame

On 6 April 1694, he married the much younger Claude Charlotte de Gramont (–1739) at

Saint-Germain-en-Laye Saint-Germain-en-Laye () is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France in north-central France. It is located in the western suburbs of Paris, from the centre of Paris. Inhabitants are called ''Saint-Germanois'' or ''Saint-Ge ...

. She had served as

lady-in-waiting A lady-in-waiting or court lady is a female personal assistant at a court, attending on a royal woman or a high-ranking noblewoman. Historically, in Europe, a lady-in-waiting was often a noblewoman but of lower rank than the woman to whom sh ...

(''demoiselle d'honneur'') to the Dauphine. the eldest daughter of Count Philibert de Gramont, who had served with Louis, Grand Condé, and Elizabeth Hamilton (a daughter of Sir George Hamilton).Sir James Balfour Paul, ''The Scots Peerage: founded on Wood's edition of Sir Robert Douglas's The Peerage of Scotland'' (Edinburgh, Scotland: David Douglas, 1904), volume I, p. 56. Reportedly, not long after their marriage, she "separated from him, and by 1700 was the object of his hatred". Lord Stafford died without issue on 27 April 1719 and was succeeded, by special remainder, in his titles by his nephew, Henry Stafford-Howard. His widow, who lived until 1739, was acquainted with Lord Hervey, who described her as having "as much wit, humour, and entertainment as any may or woman he ever knew, with a great justness in her way of thinking, and very little reserve in her manner of giving her opinion of things and people."

Portrait of a Man in a Turban

Lord Stafford inherited the 1433 ''

Portrait of a Man in a Turban ''Portrait of a Man (Self Portrait?)'' (also ''Portrait of a Man in a Turban'' or ''Portrait of a Man in a Red Turban'') is an oil painting by the Early Netherlandish painter Jan van Eyck, from 1433. The inscription at the top of the panel, ''A ...

'' by

Jan van Eyck Jan van Eyck ( , ; – July 9, 1441) was a painter active in Bruges who was one of the early innovators of what became known as Early Netherlandish painting, and one of the most significant representatives of Early Northern Renaissance art. Ac ...

, which had been owned by his grandfather, the well known art collector

, in 1643. After Stafford's death, it was owned by Irish MP Thomas Brodrick and others before being acquired by the

National Gallery The National Gallery is an art museum in Trafalgar Square in the City of Westminster, in Central London, England. Founded in 1824, it houses a collection of over 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900. The current Director o ...

in 1851.

References

;Notes ;Sources {{DEFAULTSORT:Stafford, Henry Stafford-Howard, 1st Earl of 1648 births 1719 deaths *02 *01 Peers of England created by James II 17th-century English nobility