![Fox (BaronHolland) Arms](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Fox_%28BaronHolland%29_Arms.png)
Henry Richard Vassall-Fox, 3rd Baron Holland of Holland, and 3rd Baron Holland of Foxley
PC (21 November 1773 – 22 October 1840), was an English politician and a major figure in
Whig politics in the early 19th century. A grandson of
Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland
Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland, PC (28 September 1705 – 1 July 1774), of Holland House in Kensington and of Holland House in Kingsgate, Kent, was a leading British politician. He identified primarily with the Whig faction. He held the post ...
, and nephew of
Charles James Fox
Charles James Fox (24 January 1749 – 13 September 1806), styled ''The Honourable'' from 1762, was a prominent British Whig statesman whose parliamentary career spanned 38 years of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. He was the arch-riv ...
, he served as
Lord Privy Seal
The Lord Privy Seal (or, more formally, the Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal) is the fifth of the Great Officers of State (United Kingdom), Great Officers of State in the United Kingdom, ranking beneath the Lord President of the Council and abov ...
between 1806 and 1807 in the
Ministry of All the Talents headed by
Lord Grenville
William Wyndham Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville, (25 October 175912 January 1834) was a British Pittite Tory politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1806 to 1807, but was a supporter of the Whigs for the duration of ...
and as
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
The chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster is a ministerial office in the Government of the United Kingdom. The position is the second highest ranking minister in the Cabinet Office, immediately after the Prime Minister, and senior to the Minist ...
between 1830 and 1834 and again between 1835 and his death in 1840 in the Whig administrations of
Lord Grey and
Lord Melbourne
William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne, (15 March 177924 November 1848), in some sources called Henry William Lamb, was a British Whig politician who served as Home Secretary (1830–1834) and Prime Minister (1834 and 1835–1841). His first pre ...
.
Background and education
![Henry Vassall-Fox 3rd Baron Holland (1795)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Henry_Vassall-Fox_3rd_Baron_Holland_%281795%29.jpg)
Holland was born at Winterslow House,
Wiltshire
Wiltshire (; abbreviated Wilts) is a historic and ceremonial county in South West England with an area of . It is landlocked and borders the counties of Dorset to the southwest, Somerset to the west, Hampshire to the southeast, Gloucestershire ...
,
the son of
Stephen Fox, 2nd Baron Holland (1745–1774), and Lady Mary FitzPatrick, daughter of
John FitzPatrick, 1st Earl of Upper Ossory
John FitzPatrick, 1st Earl of Upper Ossory (1719 – 23 September 1758) was an Anglo-Irish nobleman who lived in County Cork, Ireland.
He was the son of Richard FitzPatrick, 1st Baron Gowran, and Anne ( Robinson) and educated at Queen's Coll ...
, and Lady Evelyn, daughter of
John Leveson-Gower, 1st Earl Gower
John Leveson-Gower, 1st Earl Gower, PC (10 August 1694 – 25 December 1754), was an English Tory politician and peer who twice served as Lord Privy Seal from 1742 to 1743 and 1744 to 1754. Leveson-Gower is best known for his political caree ...
. His paternal grandparents were
Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland
Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland, PC (28 September 1705 – 1 July 1774), of Holland House in Kensington and of Holland House in Kingsgate, Kent, was a leading British politician. He identified primarily with the Whig faction. He held the post ...
, and
Lady Caroline Lennox
Georgiana Carolina Fox, 1st Baroness Holland, of Holland (27 March 1723 – 24 July 1774), known as Lady Caroline Lennox before 1744 and as Lady Caroline Fox from 1744 to 1762, was the eldest of the Lennox sisters.
Family background
The Lenno ...
, the eldest of the famous
Lennox sisters The Lennox sisters were four eighteenth-century British aristocrats, the daughters of Charles Lennox, 2nd Duke of Richmond (1701–1750) by his wife Lady Sarah Cadogan (1705–1751).
The four sisters were:
* Caroline Fox, 1st Baroness Holland (17 ...
and a great-granddaughter (through an illegitimate line) of
King Charles II.
He succeeded in the baronies in December 1774, aged one, on the early death of his father, while his mother died shortly before his fifth birthday. He was educated at
Eton Eton most commonly refers to Eton College, a public school in Eton, Berkshire, England.
Eton may also refer to:
Places
*Eton, Berkshire, a town in Berkshire, England
* Eton, Georgia, a town in the United States
* Éton, a commune in the Meuse dep ...
and
Christ Church, Oxford
Christ Church ( la, Ædes Christi, the temple or house, '' ædēs'', of Christ, and thus sometimes known as "The House") is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. Founded in 1546 by King Henry VIII, the college is uniqu ...
,
where he became the friend of
George Canning and
John Hookham Frere
John Hookham Frere (21 May 1769 – 7 January 1846) was an English diplomat and author.
Early life
Frere was born in London. His father, John Frere, a member of a Suffolk family, had been educated at Caius College, Cambridge, and became Sec ...
. Lord Holland's uncle was the great Whig orator
Charles James Fox
Charles James Fox (24 January 1749 – 13 September 1806), styled ''The Honourable'' from 1762, was a prominent British Whig statesman whose parliamentary career spanned 38 years of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. He was the arch-riv ...
, and he remained steadily loyal to the Whig party.
Political career
On a visit to Paris in 1791, Holland became acquainted with
Lafayette
Lafayette or La Fayette may refer to:
People
* Lafayette (name), a list of people with the surname Lafayette or La Fayette or the given name Lafayette
* House of La Fayette, a French noble family
** Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette (1757â ...
and
Talleyrand. He took his seat in the
House of Lords
The House of Lords, also known as the House of Peers, is the Bicameralism, upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Membership is by Life peer, appointment, Hereditary peer, heredity or Lords Spiritual, official function. Like the ...
on 5 October 1796. According to the
1911 edition of the ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' he for a while "almost... constituted the Whig party in the upper house". He was appointed to
negotiate a treaty with American envoys
James Monroe
James Monroe ( ; April 28, 1758July 4, 1831) was an American statesman, lawyer, diplomat, and Founding Father who served as the fifth president of the United States from 1817 to 1825. A member of the Democratic-Republican Party, Monroe was ...
and
William Pinkney
William Pinkney (March 17, 1764February 25, 1822) was an American statesman and diplomat, and was appointed the seventh U.S. Attorney General by President James Madison.
Biography
William Pinkney was born in 1764 in Annapolis in the Province ...
,
was admitted to the
Privy Council
A privy council is a body that advises the head of state of a state, typically, but not always, in the context of a monarchic government. The word "privy" means "private" or "secret"; thus, a privy council was originally a committee of the mon ...
on 27 August 1806, and on 15 October entered the
Ministry of All the Talents led by
Lord Grenville
William Wyndham Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville, (25 October 175912 January 1834) was a British Pittite Tory politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1806 to 1807, but was a supporter of the Whigs for the duration of ...
as
Lord Privy Seal
The Lord Privy Seal (or, more formally, the Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal) is the fifth of the Great Officers of State (United Kingdom), Great Officers of State in the United Kingdom, ranking beneath the Lord President of the Council and abov ...
, retiring with the rest of his colleagues in March 1807.
Holland led the opposition to the Regency Bill in 1811, and he attacked the orders in council and other strong measures of the government taken to counteract
Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...
's Berlin Decrees. He denounced the treaty of 1813 with Sweden which bound Britain to consent to the forcible union of Norway, and he resisted the bill of 1816 for confining Napoleon in
Saint Helena
Saint Helena () is a British overseas territory located in the South Atlantic Ocean. It is a remote volcanic tropical island west of the coast of south-western Africa, and east of Rio de Janeiro in South America. It is one of three constitu ...
.
He was
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
The chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster is a ministerial office in the Government of the United Kingdom. The position is the second highest ranking minister in the Cabinet Office, immediately after the Prime Minister, and senior to the Minist ...
between 1830 and 1834 and 1835 and 1840 in the cabinets of
Lord Grey and
Lord Melbourne
William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne, (15 March 177924 November 1848), in some sources called Henry William Lamb, was a British Whig politician who served as Home Secretary (1830–1834) and Prime Minister (1834 and 1835–1841). His first pre ...
, and he was still in office when he died in October 1840.
Ownership of slaves
With the
Slave Compensation Act 1837
The Slave Compensation Act 1837 (1 & 2 Vict. c. 3) was an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom, signed into law on 23 December 1837. It authorised the Commissioners for the Reduction of the National Debt to compensate slave owners in the Briti ...
in the aftermath of the
Slavery Abolition Act 1833
The Slavery Abolition Act 1833 (3 & 4 Will. IV c. 73) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which provided for the gradual abolition of slavery in most parts of the British Empire. It was passed by Earl Grey's reforming administrati ...
, the government paid compensation for slavery not to enslaved people but to slaveholders. Lord Holland was compensated under three awards for slaves on his estates in Jamaica, which had come to him through his wife, Elizabeth Webster (née Vassall).
Writings
![Statue of Henry Vassall-Fox, 3rd Baron Holland 1](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Statue_of_Henry_Vassall-Fox%2C_3rd_Baron_Holland_1.jpg)
Holland's protests against the measures of the Tory ministers were collected and published, as the ''Opinions of Lord Holland'' (1841), by Dr Moylan of
Lincoln's Inn
The Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn is one of the four Inns of Court in London to which barristers of England and Wales belong and where they are called to the Bar. (The other three are Middle Temple, Inner Temple and Gray's Inn.) Lincoln ...
. ''Lord Holland's Foreign Reminiscences'' (1850) contain much amusing gossip from the Revolutionary and Napoleonic era. His ''Memoirs of the Whig Party'' (1852; 2 vols.) is an important contemporary authority. He also published a small work on
Lope de Vega
Félix Lope de Vega y Carpio ( , ; 25 November 156227 August 1635) was a Spanish playwright, poet, and novelist. He was one of the key figures in the Spanish Golden Age of Baroque literature. His reputation in the world of Spanish literature ...
(1806)
and a 2-volume work (1817) on the lives and writings of Lope de Vega and
Guillén de Castro Guillén or Guillen is a Spanish or French surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alanis Guillen (born 1998), Brazilian actress.
* Ambrosio Guillen (1929–1953), United States Marine who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor
* ...
. His whimsical short story ''Eve's Legend'', in which the only vowel used is the letter E, is considered a precursor to the constraints of the
Oulipo
Oulipo (, short for french: Ouvroir de littérature potentielle; roughly translated: ''"workshop of potential literature"'', stylized ''OuLiPo'') is a loose gathering of (mainly) French-speaking writers and mathematicians who seek to create works ...
school.
Family
After visiting Paris in 1791 Holland again went abroad to travel in France and Italy in 1793. At Florence he met Elizabeth Vassall, at that time Lady Webster, wife of
Sir Godfrey Webster, 4th Baronet
Sir Godfrey Webster, 4th Baronet (25 December 1747 – 3 June 1800) was an English politician. He used the additional surname Vassall in the period 1795 to 1797. . She and her husband obtained a divorce, and she married Holland on 6 July 1797, becoming
Elizabeth Fox, Baroness Holland
Elizabeth Vassall Fox, Baroness Holland (1771 – London, November 1845) was an English political hostess and the wife of Whig politician Henry Vassall-Fox, 3rd Baron Holland. With her husband, and after his death, she hosted political and litera ...
. An illegitimate son,
Charles Richard Fox
General Charles Richard Fox (6 November 1796 – 13 April 1873) was a British army general, and later a politician.
Background
Fox was born at Brompton, the illegitimate son of Henry Richard Vassall-Fox, 3rd Baron Holland, through a liaison wit ...
, was born to them. He later rose to become a General in the
British Army
The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, a part of the British Armed Forces along with the Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force. , the British Army comprises 79,380 regular full-time personnel, 4,090 Gurk ...
.
They had three more children who survived infancy: the Hon. Stephen Fox (d. 1800),
Henry Edward Fox, 4th Baron Holland
Henry Edward Fox, 4th Baron Holland of Holland, 4th Baron Holland of Foxley (7 May 1802 – 18 December 1859) was briefly a British Whig politician and later an ambassador.
Early life
Fox was born at Holland House, London, the eldest legitim ...
, and Hon. Mary Elizabeth Fox, married to
Thomas Powys, 3rd Baron Lilford. In 1800 he was authorised to take the name of Vassall, and after 1807 he signed himself Vassall Holland, though the name was no part of his title.
Lord Holland died in October 1840, aged 66, and was succeeded in his titles by his eldest and only surviving legitimate son, Henry. Lady Holland died in November 1845.
Vassall ward
Vassall ward
Vassall ward is an administrative division of the London Borough of Lambeth, United Kingdom. It is also known as 'Myatt's Field' when informally describing the area. It is located in the North of borough bordering Southwark, in the SW9 and SE5 p ...
in the
London Borough of Lambeth
Lambeth () is a London boroughs, London borough in South London, England, which forms part of Inner London. Its name was recorded in 1062 as ''Lambehitha'' ("landing place for lambs") and in 1255 as ''Lambeth''. The geographical centre of London ...
is named after Henry Richard Vassall-Fox who was responsible for the first building development in the area in the 1820s. Roads in the area such as Holland Grove, Lord Holland Lane, Foxley Square and Vassall Road commemorate this connection.
References
External links
*
*
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Holland, Henry Richard Vassall-Fox, 3rd Baron
1773 births
1840 deaths
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
Chancellors of the Duchy of Lancaster
Lords Privy Seal
Fellows of the Royal Society
Henry
Henry may refer to:
People
*Henry (given name)
* Henry (surname)
* Henry Lau, Canadian singer and musician who performs under the mononym Henry
Royalty
* Portuguese royalty
** King-Cardinal Henry, King of Portugal
** Henry, Count of Portugal, ...
3
Recipients of payments from the Slavery Abolition Act 1833
British slave owners