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Henry of Almain ( Anglo-Norman: ''Henri d'Almayne''; 2 November 1235 – 13 March 1271), also called Henry of Cornwall, was the eldest son of Richard, Earl of Cornwall, afterwards King of the Romans, by his first wife Isabel Marshal. His surname is derived from a vowel shift in pronunciation of ''d'Allemagne'' ("of Germany"); he was so called by the elites of England because of his father's status as the elected German ''King of Almayne''.


Life

Henry was knighted by his father the day after Richard was crowned King of the Romans at Aachen, the usual coronation place for German kings. Richard's coronation took place on 17 May 1257. As a nephew of both Henry III and Simon de Montfort, he wavered between the two at the beginning of the Barons' War, but finally took the royalist side and was among the hostages taken by Montfort after the Battle of Lewes (1264), was held at Wallingford Castle and later released. In 1268 he took the cross with his cousin
Edward Edward is an English given name. It is derived from the Anglo-Saxon name ''Ēadweard'', composed of the elements '' ēad'' "wealth, fortune; prosperous" and '' weard'' "guardian, protector”. History The name Edward was very popular in Anglo-Sa ...
, who, however, sent him back from
Sicily (man) it, Siciliana (woman) , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = Ethnicity , demographics1_footnotes = , demographi ...
to pacify the unruly province of
Gascony Gascony (; french: Gascogne ; oc, Gasconha ; eu, Gaskoinia) was a province of the southwestern Kingdom of France that succeeded the Duchy of Gascony (602–1453). From the 17th century until the French Revolution (1789–1799), it was part ...
. Henry took the land route with Philip III of France and Charles I of Sicily.


Death

While attending mass at the ''Chiesa di San Silvestro'' (also called the ''Chiesa del Gesù'') in Viterbo on 13 March 1271, Henry was murdered by his cousins Guy and Simon de Montfort the Younger, sons of
Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester ( – 4 August 1265), later sometimes referred to as Simon V de Montfort to distinguish him from his namesake relatives, was a nobleman of French origin and a member of the English peerage, who led th ...
, in revenge for the beheading of their father and older brother at the Battle of Evesham. The deed is mentioned by
Dante Alighieri Dante Alighieri (; – 14 September 1321), probably baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri and often referred to as Dante (, ), was an Italian poet, writer and philosopher. His '' Divine Comedy'', originally called (modern Italian: ...
, who took it upon himself to place Guy de Montfort in the seventh circle of hell in his masterpiece, '' The Divine Comedy'', which was written at least 40 years after Henry's death. He was buried at Hailes Abbey.


Marriage

Henry was married to Constance of Béarn (died 1299), eldest of four daughters of Gaston VII of Montcada, Viscount of Béarn, on 5 May 1269 at
Windsor Castle Windsor Castle is a royal residence at Windsor in the English county of Berkshire. It is strongly associated with the English and succeeding British royal family, and embodies almost a millennium of architectural history. The original c ...
. No children came of this union, and thus his half brother,
Edmund Edmund is a masculine given name or surname in the English language. The name is derived from the Old English elements ''ēad'', meaning "prosperity" or "riches", and ''mund'', meaning "protector". Persons named Edmund include: People Kings and ...
, became the heir apparent of their father.


Notes


References

* * Goldsmith, Oliver, ''The history of England, from the earliest times to the death of George II'', London, 1800. * Maddicott, J. R., ''Simon de Montfort'', Cambridge University Press, 1994. * Prestwich, Michael, ''Edward I'', Methuen London Ltd, 1988. * * Treharne, Reginald Francis, and Ivor John Sanders, ''Documents of the baronial movement of reform and rebellion, 1258-1267'', Oxford University Press, 1973. * Tyerman, Christopher, ''England and the Crusades, 1095-1588'', University of Chicago Press, 1988. {{DEFAULTSORT:Henry of Almain 1235 births 1271 deaths English murder victims Heirs apparent who never acceded House of Plantagenet 13th-century English people High Sheriffs of Somerset Sons of kings