Henry Kendall (1903–1983) was a
British architect
An architect is a person who plans, designs and oversees the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings that h ...
, who worked as an
urban planner
An urban planner (also known as town planner) is a professional who practices in the field of town planning, urban planning or city planning.
An urban planner may focus on a specific area of practice and have a title such as city planner, town ...
,
in British
colonies
In modern parlance, a colony is a territory subject to a form of foreign rule. Though dominated by the foreign colonizers, colonies remain separate from the administration of the original country of the colonizers, the '' metropolitan state'' ...
and former colonies.
Education
Between 1922 and 1927, Kendall studied architecture in the
University of London
The University of London (UoL; abbreviated as Lond or more rarely Londin in post-nominals) is a federal public research university located in London, England, United Kingdom. The university was established by royal charter in 1836 as a degree ...
. In 1928 he had a
practicum in urban planning.
Urban planning career
Kendall's first appointment outside the
British islands was in 1929, as an urban planner, for the office of colonies in
Malesia
Malesia is a biogeographical region straddling the Equator and the boundaries of the Indomalayan and Australasian realms, and also a phytogeographical floristic region in the Paleotropical Kingdom. It has been given different definitions. The ...
. He worked there until 1932. In 1935, he worked in England.
British Mandatory Palestine
Kendall worked for
Mandatory Palestine
Mandatory Palestine ( ar, فلسطين الانتدابية '; he, פָּלֶשְׂתִּינָה (א״י) ', where "E.Y." indicates ''’Eretz Yiśrā’ēl'', the Land of Israel) was a geopolitical entity established between 1920 and 1948 ...
from 1936 until the end of the British mandate in 1948. During this era, he was the
High Commissioner of Palestine
High may refer to:
Science and technology
* Height
* High (atmospheric), a high-pressure area
* High (computability), a quality of a Turing degree, in computability theory
* High (tectonics), in geology an area where relative tectonic uplift to ...
's adviser for urban planning the manager of the Mandatory Palestine transportation
Public Works Department and the
City Architect of
Jerusalem
Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...
.
[ Kendall wrote two of his books about his projects of this era.
His work for British Mandatory Palestine included the ]zoning
Zoning is a method of urban planning in which a municipality or other tier of government divides land into areas called zones, each of which has a set of regulations for new development that differs from other zones. Zones may be defined for a si ...
plan of the following cities:
* Jerusalem – in 1944, Kendall's zoning plan for Jerusalem replaced former plans. Like the former ones, it forbade tall buildings, and announced dimension stone
Dimension stone is natural stone or rock that has been selected and finished (e.g., trimmed, cut, drilled, ground, or other) to specific sizes or shapes. Color, texture and pattern, and surface finish of the stone are also normal requirements. A ...
as mandatory. It forbade building too close to the outer side of the Walls of Jerusalem, and announced the area around the wall as a park. It also announced the Mount of Olives as a nature reserve
A nature reserve (also known as a wildlife refuge, wildlife sanctuary, biosphere reserve or bioreserve, natural or nature preserve, or nature conservation area) is a protected area of importance for flora, fauna, or features of geological or ...
. Twenty years later, in 1964, Kendall and Brown submitted an advance zoning program, with the same principles, for East Jerusalem
East Jerusalem (, ; , ) is the sector of Jerusalem that was held by Jordan during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, as opposed to the western sector of the city, West Jerusalem, which was held by Israel.
Jerusalem was envisaged as a separat ...
, while they were working for the Jordanian Kingdom
Jordan ( ar, الأردن; tr. ' ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan,; tr. ' is a country in Western Asia. It is situated at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe, within the Levant region, on the East Bank of the Jordan River ...
[In Anticipation: A New City Design for East Jerusalem as the Capital of Palestine By Dan Mihai Muntean Bachelor of Architecture School of Architecture, The University of Nottingham Nottingham, The United Kingdom, 1994](_blank)
/ref>
* Beersheba
Beersheba or Beer Sheva, officially Be'er-Sheva ( he, בְּאֵר שֶׁבַע, ''Bəʾēr Ševaʿ'', ; ar, بئر السبع, Biʾr as-Sabʿ, Well of the Oath or Well of the Seven), is the largest city in the Negev desert of southern Israel. ...
– in 1937, Kendall's zoning plan for Beersheba replaced former British zoning plans for it, which were not applicable. By Kendall's planning, the British kept building Beersheba in the modern way that the Turkish Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
started. It was a grid street plan
In urban planning, the grid plan, grid street plan, or gridiron plan is a type of city plan in which streets run at right angles to each other, forming a grid.
Two inherent characteristics of the grid plan, frequent intersections and orthogona ...
, in which the main avenue was the commercial and municipal center. The Israelis
Israelis ( he, יִשְׂרָאֵלִים, translit=Yīśrāʾēlīm; ar, الإسرائيليين, translit=al-ʾIsrāʾīliyyin) are the citizens and nationals of the State of Israel. The country's populace is composed primarily of Jew ...
changed that zoning plan in 1952.
* Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv-Yafo ( he, תֵּל־אָבִיב-יָפוֹ, translit=Tēl-ʾĀvīv-Yāfō ; ar, تَلّ أَبِيب – يَافَا, translit=Tall ʾAbīb-Yāfā, links=no), often referred to as just Tel Aviv, is the most populous city in the G ...
* Tiberias
Tiberias ( ; he, טְבֶרְיָה, ; ar, طبريا, Ṭabariyyā) is an Israeli city on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee. A major Jewish center during Late Antiquity, it has been considered since the 16th century one of Judaism's Fo ...
* Gaza City
Gaza (;''The New Oxford Dictionary of English'' (1998), , p. 761 "Gaza Strip /'gɑːzə/ a strip of territory in Palestine, on the SE Mediterranean coast including the town of Gaza...". ar, غَزَّة ', ), also referred to as Gaza City, i ...
- Only in 1937, British Mandatory Palestine put a large effort in rebuilding that city, after being ruined in WWI. By Kendall's zoning, only a small part of the city got a historic preservation
Historic preservation (US), built heritage preservation or built heritage conservation (UK), is an endeavor that seeks to preserve, conserve and protect buildings, objects, landscapes or other artifacts of historical significance. It is a philos ...
, Omar Mukhtar Street became a main street, and new neighborhoods were established in a new form.
* Nablus
Nablus ( ; ar, نابلس, Nābulus ; he, שכם, Šəḵem, ISO 259-3: ; Samaritan Hebrew: , romanized: ; el, Νεάπολις, Νeápolis) is a Palestinian city in the West Bank, located approximately north of Jerusalem, with a populati ...
* Jaffa
Jaffa, in Hebrew Yafo ( he, יָפוֹ, ) and in Arabic Yafa ( ar, يَافَا) and also called Japho or Joppa, the southern and oldest part of Tel Aviv-Yafo, is an ancient port city in Israel. Jaffa is known for its association with the b ...
– Jaffa's city whole (which was not yet a part of Tel Aviv) rejected Kendall's zoning plan. They preferred a plan of an Arabic architect, from Cairo.
Uganda, Zanzibar and Ghana
Between 1948 and 1956, Kendall worked as the chief urban planner for the British colonial regime of Uganda
}), is a landlocked country in East Africa
East Africa, Eastern Africa, or East of Africa, is the eastern subregion of the African continent. In the United Nations Statistics Division scheme of geographic regions, 10-11-(16*) territor ...
. There he planned the zoning of Kampala
Kampala (, ) is the capital and largest city of Uganda. The city proper has a population of 1,680,000 and is divided into the five political divisions of Kampala Central Division, Kawempe Division, Makindye Division, Nakawa Division, and Ruba ...
and wrote another book. His zoning plan of Kampala replaced a former one, by a German architect.
In 1957–8, Kendall worked in Zanzibar
Zanzibar (; ; ) is an insular semi-autonomous province which united with Tanganyika in 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanzania. It is an archipelago in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of the mainland, and consists of many small islands ...
. There he planned the zoning of Stone Town
Stonetown of Zanzibar ( ar, مدينة زنجبار الحجرية), also known as Mji Mkongwe ( Swahili for "old town"), is the old part of Zanzibar City, the main city of Zanzibar, in Tanzania. The newer portion of the city is known as Ng'ambo ...
, with the architect, Geoffrey Mill. The plan was used only partially.
Between 1958 and 1962, he worked for the government of Ghana
Ghana (; tw, Gaana, ee, Gana), officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country in West Africa. It abuts the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean to the south, sharing borders with Ivory Coast in the west, Burkina Faso in the north, and To ...
.
Jordan, Gibraltar and England
Between 1963 and 1966, Kendall worked for the Jordanian Kingdom
Jordan ( ar, الأردن; tr. ' ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan,; tr. ' is a country in Western Asia. It is situated at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe, within the Levant region, on the East Bank of the Jordan River ...
– an ex-British colony, that included only areas formerly been in the British Mandatory Palestine. The Jordanians hired Kendall in order to fit his old zoning plan of Jerusalem to the situation in which Jerusalem is divided between two states.
Between 1967 and 1977, Kendall worked for the British government, in Gibraltar
)
, anthem = " God Save the King"
, song = " Gibraltar Anthem"
, image_map = Gibraltar location in Europe.svg
, map_alt = Location of Gibraltar in Europe
, map_caption = United Kingdom shown in pale green
, mapsize =
, image_map2 = Gib ...
.Interview with the town planner, BuildGibraltar, Issue 01, P43 Jun 22, 2015
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Between 1978 and 1983, Kendall was a member of the Committee for ]Historic preservation
Historic preservation (US), built heritage preservation or built heritage conservation (UK), is an endeavor that seeks to preserve, conserve and protect buildings, objects, landscapes or other artifacts of historical significance. It is a philos ...
of the English
English usually refers to:
* English language
* English people
English may also refer to:
Peoples, culture, and language
* ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England
** English national ide ...
Countryside. In the last two of those years, he was the committee's chairman.[
]
Legacy
In Beersheba
Beersheba or Beer Sheva, officially Be'er-Sheva ( he, בְּאֵר שֶׁבַע, ''Bəʾēr Ševaʿ'', ; ar, بئر السبع, Biʾr as-Sabʿ, Well of the Oath or Well of the Seven), is the largest city in the Negev desert of southern Israel. ...
, a street is named after Henry Kendall. The street provides access to the Rambam Square towers and the Beersheba Turkish railway station.
Books written
* Jerusalem The City Plan, 1918-1948 (His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1948)
* Kendall Henery, Village Development in Palestine During the British Mandate (Crown Agents for the Colonies, 1949)
* Town planning in Uganda; a brief description of the efforts made by the government to control the development of urban areas from 1915 to 1955 (Crown Agents for Overseas Governments and Administrations, 1955)
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kendall, Henry
British urban planners
20th-century British architects
Alumni of the University of London
1903 births
1983 deaths
Geography of Palestine (region)