Henry Jacob (1563–1624) was an English clergyman of

Calvinist Calvinism (also called the Reformed Tradition, Reformed Protestantism, Reformed Christianity, or simply Reformed) is a major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition and forms of Christian practice set down by John Ca ...

views, who founded a separatist congregation associated with the

Brownists The Brownists were a group of English Dissenters or early Separatists from the Church of England. They were named after Robert Browne, who was born at Tolethorpe Hall in Rutland, England, in the 1550s. A majority of the Separatists aboard the ' ...

Life

He was the son of Kohn Jacob, yeoman, of

Cheriton, Kent Cheriton is a northern suburb of Folkestone in Kent. It is the location of the English terminal of the Channel Tunnel as well as of the major army barracks of Shorncliffe Camp. History The coastal plain where the North Downs meet the Strait ...

. He matriculated at

St. Mary Hall, Oxford St Mary Hall was a medieval academic hall of the University of Oxford. It was associated with Oriel College from 1326 to 1545, but functioned independently from 1545 until it was incorporated into Oriel College in 1902. History In 1320, ...

on 27 November 1581 and graduated B.A. in 1583 and M.A. in 1586. His father left him property at

Godmersham Godmersham is a village and civil parish in the Ashford District of Kent, England. The village straddles the Great Stour river where it cuts through the North Downs and its land is approximately one third woodland, all in the far east and west o ...

, near

Canterbury Canterbury (, ) is a City status in the United Kingdom, cathedral city and UNESCO World Heritage Site, situated in the heart of the City of Canterbury local government district of Kent, England. It lies on the River Stour, Kent, River Stour. ...

. For some time he was precentor of

Corpus Christi College, Oxford Corpus Christi College (formally, Corpus Christi College in the University of Oxford; informally abbreviated as Corpus or CCC) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. Founded in 1517, it is the 12th ...

. :s:Jacob, Henry (DNB00) About 1590 he joined the

, and when they went into exile in 1593 he moved to Holland. There he formed a technically non-separatist independent faction of former Church of England members. On his return to England in 1597 he heard

Thomas Bilson Thomas Bilson (1547 – 18 June 1616) was an Anglican Bishop of Worcester and Bishop of Winchester. With Miles Smith, he oversaw the final edit and printing of the King James Bible. Life Years under the Tudors (1547–1603) Thomas Bilson's fat ...

preach at

Paul's Cross St Paul's Cross (alternative spellings – "Powles Crosse") was a preaching cross and open-air pulpit in the grounds of Old St Paul's Cathedral, City of London. It was the most important public pulpit in Tudor and early Stuart England, and many ...

on the article in the

Apostles' Creed The Apostles' Creed (Latin: ''Symbolum Apostolorum'' or ''Symbolum Apostolicum''), sometimes titled the Apostolic Creed or the Symbol of the Apostles, is a Christian creed or "symbol of faith". The creed most likely originated in 5th-century Ga ...

relating to

Christ's descent into hell In Christian theology, the Harrowing of Hell ( la, Descensus Christi ad Inferos, "the descent of Christ into Hell" or Hades) is an Old English and Middle English term referring to the period of time between the Crucifixion of Jesus and his ...

. He opposed Bilson's doctrine in a pamphlet, and again had to leave the country. Though a Brownist, Jacob allowed that the church of England was a true church in need of a thorough reformation. Hence he was commonly called a 'semiseparatist'. Contemporary scholars refer to them as Independents, Brownists, semi-Separatists, or

Puritans The Puritans were English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to purify the Church of England of Roman Catholic practices, maintaining that the Church of England had not been fully reformed and should become more Protestant. P ...

. They were

in theological matters. Jacob's relative moderation involved him in a fierce controversy with Francis Johnson. For a time Jacob settled at Middelburg in Zeeland, where he collected a congregation of English exiles. His group of 'Jacobites' included

William Ames William Ames (; Latin: ''Guilielmus Amesius''; 157614 November 1633) was an English Puritan minister, philosopher, and controversialist. He spent much time in the Netherlands, and is noted for his involvement in the controversy between the Cal ...

, Paul Barnes, William Bradshaw and Robert Parker. In 1610 he went to Leyden to confer with

John Robinson John Robinson may refer to: Academics *John Thomas Romney Robinson (1792–1882), Irish astronomer and physicist * John J. Robinson (1918–1996), historian and author of ''Born in Blood'' *John Talbot Robinson (1923–2001), paleontologist *John ...

. Ultimately Jacob adopted Robinson's views on church government, but the influence was mutual. Andrew Pyle (editor), ''Dictionary of Seventeenth Century British Philosophers'' (2000), article Jacob, Henry, pp. 467-469. In 1616 he returned to London with the object of forming a separatist congregation similar to those which he and Robinson had organised in Holland. The religious society which he succeeded in bringing together in

Southwark Southwark ( ) is a district of Central London situated on the south bank of the River Thames, forming the north-western part of the wider modern London Borough of Southwark. The district, which is the oldest part of South London, developed ...

is generally supposed to have been the first congregational church in England. He continued with this congregation for about six years. He travelled to

Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States, between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth ar ...

with some of his family in October 1622 and formed a settlement, which was named after him 'Jacobopolis'. He died in April or May 1624 in the parish of

St. Andrew Hubbard St Andrew Hubbard was a parish church in the Billingsgate ward of the City of London. It was destroyed in the Great Fire of London in 1666, and not rebuilt. History The church stood in the Billingsgate ward of the City of London. The east en ...

, London. By his wife Sara, sister of John Dumaresq of Jersey, who survived him, he had several children, including

Henry Jacob the younger Henry may refer to: People *Henry (given name) *Henry (surname) * Henry Lau, Canadian singer and musician who performs under the mononym Henry Royalty * Portuguese royalty ** King-Cardinal Henry, King of Portugal ** Henry, Count of Portugal, ...

. John Lothropp picked up the threads of Jacob's London congregation.

Bibliography

Primary sources

* Ames, William, 1576-1633. ''The relation of church and state'' .d. in The Reformation of the Church, Murray, I. H. (ed.)

965 Year 965 ( CMLXV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Arab–Byzantine War: Emperor Nikephoros II conquers the fortress cities of Tar ...

* ______. ''De Conscientia et ejus vel casibus'' (1630) * ______. ''Conscience with the power and cases thereof''. (Tr. out of Latine) (1639) TC 552* Bilson, Thomas, 1546-7?-1616. ''The effect of certaine sermons, touching the full redemption of mankind'' (1599) TC 3064* ______. ''Perpetual government of Christes Church'' * Bradshaw, William, 1571-1618. ''A treatise of divine worship, tending to prove that the ceremonies imposed vpon the ministers of the Gospell in England, in the present controversie, are in their vse vnlawfull'' (1604) TC 3528* ______. A Protestation of the King's Supremacie (1605) TC 3525* Cosin, Richard, 1549?-1597. ''Answer to the two first and principall tin faction libel, put foorth latelie, without name of author or printer, and without approbation by authoritie, ...'' * Dickinson, Edmund, 1624-1707. Delphi phoenicizantes, sive Tractatus, in quo Graecos, quicquid apud Delphos celebre erat: ... (1655) Eb, 1641–1700 ; 528:19* Downame, George, d. 1634. Defence of the sermon preached at the consecration of the L. Bishop of Bath and Welles

613 __NOTOC__ Year 613 ( DCXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 613 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era ...

* Featley, Daniel. The Dippers Dipt (1645) * enner, Dudley, 1558?-1587A counter-poyson, modestly written for the time, to make aunswere to the obiections and reproaches, wherein the aunswere to the Abstract, would disgrace the holy discipline of Christ

584 __NOTOC__ Year 584 ( DLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 584 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era ...

Eb, 1475-1460; 224:8

TC (2nd ed.) 10770 TC, T.C., Tc, Tc, tc, tC, or .tc may refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television * Theodore "T.C." Calvin, a character on the TV series ''Magnum, P.I.'' and its reboot * Tom Caron, American television host for New England Sports Networ ...

STCS101936* Howard, Luke., A Looking-Glass for Baptists (1672) * Jacob, Henry, 1563-1624. * ______. A treatise of the sufferings and victory of Christ, in then work of our redemption declaring by the Scriptures these two questions, ... (1598) Eb, 1475–1640; 936:16STC 14340] SCTS107530* ______. A Defence of the Chvrches and Ministry of Englande. Written in two treatises, against the reasons and obiections of Maister Francis Iohnson. and others of the separation commonly called Brownists, ... (1599) Eb, 1475–1640; 251:2STC 14335] STCS107526* ______. A short treatise concerning the trvenes of a pastorall calling in pastors made by prelates ... (1599) * ______. A defence of a treatise touching the sufferings and victorie of Christ in the worke of our redemption. ... (1600) Eb, 1475–1640; 936:15STC (2nd ed.)14333] STCS103093* ______. nother. ed.(1600) TC 14334* ______. Reasons taken ovt of Gods Word and the best humane Testimonies proving a necessitie of reforming ovr churches in England ... (1603) Eb, 1475–1640; 993:9STC 14338] STCS120955* ______. nother ed.(1909) * ______. Principles and Foundations of the Christian Religion * ______. A Third Humble Supplication of many faithful subjects in England falsely called Puritans directed to the King's Majesty (1605) * ______. A Christian and Modest Offer of a Most Indifferent Conference or dispvtation, abovt the Maine and principall coutroversies betwixt the prelate, and the late silenced and deprived ministers in England (1606) Eb, 1475–1640; 1145:3 TC 14329 STCS120767* ______. .To the High and mightie Prince, Iames by the grace of God, King of great Britannie, France, and Irelande ... : An Humble Supplication for Toleration and Libertie to Enjoy and Observe the Ordinances of Christ Jesus in th' administration of His Churches in Lieu of Human Constitutions (1609) * ______. nother ed.(1975) * ______. An humble Supplication for Toleration (1609) * ______. Divine Beginnings and Institutions of Christ true Visible ... Church, (1610) * ______. he divine beginning of Christs church(1610) Eb, 1475–1640; 993:7 TC 14336 STCS101363* ______. A plaine and cleere Exposition of the Second Commandement (1610) TC 14337* ______. A declaration and plainer opening of certaine pointes in the divine beginning of Christes true Church (1611) TC 14331* ______. A declaration and plainer opening of certaine points, with a sound confirmation of some other, contained in a teatise intituled, The divine beginning and institution of Christes true visible and ministeriall church (1612) Eb, 1475–1640; 1145:4, 1549:4STC 14332] STCS102836* ______. An Attestation of many Learned godly, and famous Divines, lightes of religion, and pillars of the Gospell, iustifying this doctrine, ... (1613) Eb, 1475–1640; 993:5 TC 14328 STCS117858* ______. An Attestation of many divines that the Church-government ought to bee alwayes with the people's free consent (1613) * ______. nother ed.(1975) * ______. Anno Domini 1616. A Confession and Protestation of the Faith of certaine Christians in England 616 Eb, 1475–1640; 993:6 TC 14330 SCTS120216* ______. Kneeling in the act of eating and drinking at the Lords table is a sinne. Proved by 8 arguments printed in the yeare. 1641. (1641) ing (2nd ed.) J96 homason Tracts; 163:E.1102(5)ESTCR208356] * Jessey, Henry, 1603-1663. The Scripture-almanacke, or a calculation according to the English account, and the Word of God.

646 __NOTOC__ Year 646 (Roman numerals, DCXLVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 646 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domin ...

EEb, 1641–1700; 2380:2] ing (CD-ROM, 1996) A1833A STCR223971* ______. nother ed.1650. The scripture-kalendar, used by the prophets and apostles, and by our Lord Jesus Christ

650 __NOTOC__ Year 650 ( DCL) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 650 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era bec ...

Eb, 1641–1700; 2322:4

ing A1835A Ing, ING or ing may refer to: Art and media * '' ...ing'', a 2003 Korean film * i.n.g, a Taiwanese girl group * The Ing, a race of dark creatures in the 2004 video game '' Metroid Prime 2: Echoes'' * "Ing", the first song on The Roches' 1992 ...

CTSR229487* ______. A Storehouse of Provision (1650) * ______. Miscellanea sacra, or, Diverse necessary truths, now as seasonably published, as they were plainly and compendeously proved by Henry Jessey, late minister of the Gospel in London (1665) Eb, 1641–1700; 1950:6 ing (2nd ed.) J695 STCR216570* ______. A Looking-glass for children being a narrative of God's gracious dealings with some little children, recollectedby Henry Jessey in his lifetime th ed.; 1673 EB, 1641–1700; 2292:24 ing P30A STCR42778* ______. nother ed.(1709) STCW38859* ______. "Letters to Henry Jacie", in Collections (Mass. Historical Society), 3rd ser., 1; 4th ser., 6 * Johnson, Francis, 1562-1618. An answer to Maister H. Iacob his defence of the churches and ministry of England. By Francis Johnson an exile of Iesus Christ (1600) Eb, 1475–1640; 994:11 TC 14658 STCS121679* Killcop, Thomas, A short Treatise of Baptisme (1642) * Ormerod, Oliver, 1580?-1626. The Picture of a Puritane ; or a relation of the opinions a. practises of the Anabaptists in Germanie a. of the puritanes in England. Whereunto is annexed Puritano-papismus (1605) TC 18851* ______. nr. ed.Newly corrected and enlarged (1605) TC 18852* Staresmore, Sabine (

fl. ''Floruit'' (; abbreviated fl. or occasionally flor.; from Latin for "they flourished") denotes a date or period during which a person was known to have been alive or active. In English, the unabbreviated word may also be used as a noun indicatin ...

1616-1647). Unlawfullnes of Reading in Prayer (1619)

Secondary sources

* Brachlow, S., The Communion of Saints: Radical Puritan and Separatists Ecclesiology 1570-1625 (1988) * ______. "The Elizabethan Roots of Henry Jacob's Churchmanship", Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 36 (1985) * Dodd, J. A., "The Eschatology of Praise-God Barebone", Transactions of the Congregational Historical Society, 4 (1909–10) * Hylson-Smith, K., The Churches in England from Elizabeth I to Elizabeth II, Vol. 1, 1558-1688 (1996) * Nuttall, G. F., Visible Saints: The Congregational Way 1640-1660 (1957) * Paul, R. S., "Henry Jacob and Seventeenth-Century Puritanism", Hartford Quarterly, 7 (1967) * Tolmie, M., The Triumph of the Saints, The Separate Churches of London, 1616-1649 (1977) * ______. "The Jacob Church", in The Triumph of the Saints, The Separate Churches of London, 1616-1649 (1977) * von Rohr, J., "The Congregationalism of Henry Jacob", Transactions of the Congregational Historical Society, 19 (1962) * ______. "Extra Ecclesiam Nulla Salus: An Early Congregational Version", Church History, 36 (1967) * White, B. R., "How did

William Kiffin William Kiffin (1616–1701), sometimes spelled William Kiffen, was a seventeenth-century English Baptist minister. He was also a successful merchant in the woollen trade. Life He was born in London early in 1616. His family appears to have bee ...

join the Baptist?", Baptist Quarterly, 23 * ______. "Samuel Eaton (d. 1639), Particular Baptist Pioneer", Baptist Quarterly, 24 * Whitley, W. T., "Debate of Infant Baptism, 1643", Transactions of the Baptist Historical Society, 1 (1908–09) * ______. "The Jacob-Jessey Church, 1616-1678", Transactions of the Baptist Historical Society, 1 (1908–09) * ______."Records of the Jabob-Lathrop-Jessey Church, 1616-1641", Transactions of the Baptist Historical Society 1, (1908–09) * ______. 'Rise of the Particular Baptists in London, 1633–1644, Transactions of the Baptist Historical Society 1, (1908–09)

References

;Attribution *

External links

English Dissenters: Jacobites
* {{DEFAULTSORT:Jacob, Henry 1563 births 1624 deaths English separatists English Congregationalist ministers 16th-century Puritans People from Folkestone and Hythe District 17th-century English clergy 17th-century Protestants