Henry I (August 1267 – 7 September 1322), Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, called the Admirable (german: Heinrich der Wunderliche, la, Henricus Mirabilis), a member of the

House of Welf The House of Welf (also Guelf or Guelph) is a European dynasty that has included many German and British monarchs from the 11th to 20th century and Emperor Ivan VI of Russia in the 18th century. The originally Franconia, Franconian family from ...

, was the first ruler of the

Principality of Grubenhagen The Principality of Grubenhagen was a subdivision of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg, ruled by the Grubenhagen line of the House of Welf from 1291. It is also known as Brunswick-Grubenhagen. The principality fell to the Brunswick Principality of L ...

from 1291 until his death.

Life

He was the eldest son of the Brunswick duke Albert the Tall and his second wife Adelaide, daughter of Margrave Boniface II of Montferrat. His father had ruled the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg jointly with his brother John, until both divided their territory in 1269. Albert went on to rule the Principality of Wolfenbüttel until his death in 1279. Henry first ruled the Brunswick principality of Wolfenbüttel jointly with his younger brothers Albert II the Fat and

William William is a masculine given name of Norman French origin.Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges, ''Oxford Dictionary of First Names'', Oxford University Press, 2nd edition, , p. 276. It became very popular in the English language after the Norman conq ...

. In 1291 they again divided the territory; Henry received the part that came to be known as

. It included the cities of

Einbeck Einbeck (; Eastphalian: ''Aimbeck'') is a town in the district Northeim, in southern Lower Saxony, Germany, on the German Timber-Frame Road. History Prehistory The area of the current city of Einbeck is inhabited since prehistoric times. Var ...

, half of

Hamelin Hamelin ( ; german: Hameln ) is a town on the river Weser in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Hamelin-Pyrmont and has a population of roughly 57,000. Hamelin is best known for the tale of the Pied Piper of Hamelin. ...

Clausthal Clausthal-Zellerfeld is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is located in the southwestern part of the Harz mountains. Its population is approximately 15,000. The City is the location of the Clausthal University of Technology. The health resort ...

Amelungsborn Amelungsborn Abbey, also Amelunxborn Abbey (''Kloster Amelungsborn''), is a Lutheran monastery in Germany. It is located near Negenborn and Stadtoldendorf, in the ''Landkreis'' of Holzminden in the Weserbergland. It was the second oldest Cisterc ...

, Duderstadt, Herzberg, and Osterode. Henry quarreled with his brother Albert, who had received the Principality of Göttingen, over the remaining belittled areas around Brunswick and

Wolfenbüttel Wolfenbüttel (; nds, Wulfenbüddel) is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany, the administrative capital of Wolfenbüttel District. It is best known as the location of the internationally renowned Herzog August Library and for having the largest ...

, but Albert prevailed, and Henry retreated to Grubenhagen. He took Einbeck as his residence. In 1320, Henry was appointed

Count Palatine of Saxony An imperial vicar (german: Reichsvikar) was a prince charged with administering all or part of the Holy Roman Empire on behalf of the emperor. Later, an imperial vicar was invariably one of two princes charged by the Golden Bull with administeri ...

by the emperor. He died in 1322, and his three surviving sons who had not joined the Church divided his territory among each other.

Family

Henry married Agnes, daughter of

Albert the Degenerate, Margrave of Meissen Albert II, the Degenerate (de: ''Albrecht II der Entartete'') (1240 – 20 November 1314) was a Margrave of Meissen, Landgrave of Thuringia and Count Palatine of Saxony. He was a member of the House of Wettin. He was the eldest son of Henry III, ...

, in 1282. They had 16 children: * Elizabeth (born c. 1282), married Frederick, Count of Beichlingen * Otto (born c. 1283, died in or before 1309) * Albert (born c. 1284, died after 1341), joined the

Teutonic Order The Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem, commonly known as the Teutonic Order, is a Catholic religious institution founded as a military society in Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem. It was formed to aid Christians on ...

* Adelaide (1285–1320), married King Henry I of Bohemia * Facie (daughter; born c. 1286, died before or in 1312) * Agnes, Abbess of Osterode (born c. 1287, died between 1332 and 1336) * Henry (born c. 1289, died before or in 1351) * Frederick (c. 1291 – c. 1323) *

Adelheid of Brunswick Irene of Brunswick, born Adelheid, (c. 1293 – 16/17 August 1324) was the first wife of Andronikos III Palaiologos, and by marriage Empress of Constantinople, although she died before her husband became sole Emperor. Biography She was a daughte ...

(c. 1293 – 17 August 1324), married Andronikos III Palaiologos, Roman Emperor * Conrad (c. 1294 – c. 1320) * Mechtild (c. 1295 – between 24 October 1333 and 14 March 1344), married John II of Werle *

Ernest Ernest is a given name derived from Germanic word ''ernst'', meaning "serious". Notable people and fictional characters with the name include: People * Archduke Ernest of Austria (1553–1595), son of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor *Ernest, ...

(c. 1297 – 11 March 1361) *

(c. 1298–1360) * Richardis, Abbess of Osterode (born c. 1300, died between 1332 and 1336) * Margaret (born c. 1300, died in or after 1312) * John, (born before 1322, died 23 May 1367), provost at

References

* Braunschweigisches Biographisches Lexikon, Appelhans 2006,
At the House of Welf site
, - {{DEFAULTSORT:Henry 01, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg 1267 births 1322 deaths Princes of Grubenhagen Princes of Wolfenbüttel Old House of Brunswick Burials at Brunswick Cathedral