Henry Gerhard Appenzeller
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Rev. Henry Gerhard Appenzeller (February 6, 1858 – June 11, 1902) was a Methodist missionary. He and four other missionaries, including
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introduced Protestant Christianity to Korea from 1885 to 1902. He was known for his three major contributions to Korea: the Paichai College Hall, the First Methodist Episcopal Church of Seoul, and the translated New Testament.


Background and early life

Henry Gerhard Appenzeller was born in Souderton, Pennsylvania, in 1858. His mother was Swiss Mennonite, while his father was from Pennsylvania. His parents went to the German Reformed Church. His mother played an important role in his life. She influenced the faith of Henry and his two brothers by reading the German Bible on Sunday afternoons with them. His mother spoke German but little English, therefore, German was Henry's first language. He grew up speaking Pennsylvania German in his home. His fluency in both written and spoken German later allowed him to communicate easily with Germans in America, Europe, and Korea. Henry was transformed due to a personal spiritual experience on October 6, 1876. He celebrated this day as his spiritual birthday every year. He studied at Franklin and Marshall College, a private residential liberal arts college based on the Reformed Church, where he studied ancient languages and held a particular interest in Greek language and literature. Henry also studied and became fluent in biblical languages and French. He joined the Methodist Episcopal Church in Lancaster at the age of twenty- one, three years after his conversion. Then he served in the church as a Methodist preacher. After that, he attended Drew Theological Seminary, a
theological school A seminary, school of theology, theological seminary, or divinity school is an educational institution for educating students (sometimes called ''seminarians'') in scripture, theology, generally to prepare them for ordination to serve as clergy, ...
. During his studies at Drew Theological Seminary, he joined the overseas missionary service. Before Appenzeller sailed to Korea, he married Ella Dodge. They had three children together. Their daughter
Alice Rebecca Appenzeller Alice Rebecca Appenzeller (9 November 1885 – 20 February 1950) was the first American and first Caucasian born in Korea. Daughter of the Methodist missionary Rev. Henry Appenzeller who was among the first to introduce Protestantism to Korea, she ...
was the first American born in Korea.


Work in Korea

Appenzeller arrived in Korea on April 5, 1885, an Easter Sunday morning, with his wife Ella Appenzeller. During that period, Seoul was in political struggle. Missionaries could not set up a church, nor preach in public. Evangelism had to be done secretly. Appenzeller focused on preparing a missionary residence in the first two years. In 1887, worship in public became possible, therefore, a chapel was established for services. His goal was to transform Pagan Korea into Christian Korea. Appenzeller was the founder of a boys' school, Paichai Hakdang—Hall for the Rearing of Useful Men in Korea in 1887. It is the predecessor of Pai Chai University and Paichai Middle & High school. He spread the Gospel, introduced Western culture, and trained the students in the Methodist faith. He was one of the founder of the first Korean Methodist Church in Seoul, Chong Dong, and he also established many Protestant institutions. He served at Chong Dong as a pastor in 1887 until his death in 1902. In 1886, Appenzeller was on the Board of Bible Translators with the other Methodist and Presbyterian missionaries and other Korean translators. He helped to translate the Bible into Korean.


Death

In 1902, at the age of 44, Appenzeller was traveling to a southern port city, Mokpo, to attend a meeting for the Bible translation. While at sea he drowned trying to save a Korean girl. A cenotaph in his honor was erected at the
Yanghwajin Foreigners' Cemetery Yanghwajin Foreign Missionary Cemetery ( ko, 양화진외국인선교사묘원), also known as the Hapjeong-dong () International Cemetery, is a cemetery overlooking the Han River in the district of Mapo-gu, Seoul, South Korea. Designated in ...
, the gravesite of over 300 foreigners including over 80 missionaries from many denominations including those sent by the United Methodist Church, and its predecessor denominations in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.


Legacy

Since its founding in the 19th century, the Korean Methodist Church has dramatically developed as one of major Protestant denominations in Korea. In 2001, the denomination comprised 5,262 churches, 1,394,514 members, and 7,298 ministers. There were six universities established under the Methodist model, including Pai Chai. In addition, the denomination had its own theological seminary, the Methodist Theological Seminary in Seoul. It also had six theological institutes and 54 junior high and high schools. On October 21, 2016, a bronze bust of Appenzeller was dedicated on the campus of Drew Theological School as a gift from the Chungdong First Methodist Church in Seoul, South Korea. Rev. Dr. Sehyoung Lee, the English Ministry Pastor of Chungdong, said: "For the people of Chungdong and Methodists in Korea, it’s as if Appenzeller came to Korea, gave himself up, and now 130 years later, we’re expressing our deep gratitude by bringing him back."


See also

*
Christianity in Korea The practice of Christianity in Korea is marginal in North Korea, but significant in South Korea, where it revolves around two of its largest branches, Protestantism and Catholicism, accounting for 8.6 millionAccording to figures compiled by ...
*
19th-century Protestant missions in China In the early 19th century, Western colonial expansion occurred at the same time as an evangelical revival – the Second Great Awakening – throughout the English-speaking world, leading to more overseas missionary activity. The nineteenth centu ...
* List of Protestant missionaries in China


References

* ''Who Was Who in America, Historical Volume, 1607-1896.'' Chicago: Marquis Who's Who, 1963. * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Appenzeller, Henry 1858 births 1902 deaths People from Souderton, Pennsylvania American Methodist clergy American Methodist missionaries Methodist missionaries in Korea Drew University alumni Franklin & Marshall College alumni Translators of the Bible into Korean University and college founders 19th-century translators American expatriates in Korea American evangelicals Missionary linguists 19th-century American clergy