Henry Alford (7 October 181012 January 1871) was an English churchman, theologian,
textual critic
Textual criticism is a branch of textual scholarship, philology, and of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification of textual variants, or different versions, of either manuscripts or of printed books. Such texts may range in da ...
, scholar, poet, hymnodist, and writer.
Life
Alford was born in London, of a
Somerset
( en, All The People of Somerset)
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, established_date = Ancient
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, preceded_by =
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, lord_lieutenant_office =Lord Lieutenant of Somerset
, lord_ ...
family, which had given five consecutive generations of clergymen to the
Anglican church
Anglicanism is a Western Christian tradition that has developed from the practices, liturgy, and identity of the Church of England following the English Reformation, in the context of the Protestant Reformation in Europe. It is one of the ...
. Alford's early years were passed with his widowed father, who was curate of
Steeple Ashton in
Wiltshire
Wiltshire (; abbreviated Wilts) is a historic and ceremonial county in South West England with an area of . It is landlocked and borders the counties of Dorset to the southwest, Somerset to the west, Hampshire to the southeast, Gloucestershire ...
. He was a precocious boy, and before he was ten had written several
Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
odes, a history of the
Jew
Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""T ...
s and a series of
homiletic
In religious studies, homiletics ( grc, ὁμιλητικός ''homilētikós'', from ''homilos'', "assembled crowd, throng") is the application of the general principles of rhetoric to the specific art of public preaching. One who practices o ...
outlines. After a peripatetic school course he went up to
Trinity College, Cambridge
Trinity College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. Founded in 1546 by King Henry VIII, Trinity is one of the largest Cambridge colleges, with the largest financial endowment of any college at either Cambridge or Oxford. ...
, in 1827 as a scholar. In 1832 he was 34th wrangler and 8th classic, and in 1834 was made fellow of Trinity.
Service
He had already taken orders, and in 1835 began his eighteen-year tenure of the vicarage of
Wymeswold
Wymeswold () is a village and civil parish in the Charnwood district of Leicestershire, England. It is in the north of Leicestershire, and north-east of Loughborough. The village has a population of about 1,000, measured at 1,296 in the 2011 ...
in
Leicestershire, from which seclusion the twice-repeated offer of a colonial
bishopric
In church governance, a diocese or bishopric is the ecclesiastical district under the jurisdiction of a bishop.
History
In the later organization of the Roman Empire, the increasingly subdivided provinces were administratively associate ...
failed to draw him. He was
Hulsean lecturer
The Hulsean Lectures were established from an endowment made by John Hulse to the University of Cambridge in 1790. At present, they consist of a series of four to eight lectures given by a university graduate on some branch of Christian theology.
...
at Cambridge in 1841–1842, and steadily built up a reputation as scholar and preacher, which might have been greater if not for his excursions into minor poetry and magazine editing.
In 1844, he joined the
Cambridge Camden Society
The Cambridge Camden Society, known from 1845 (when it moved to London) as the Ecclesiological Society,[Histor ...](_blank)
(CCS) which published a list of do's and don'ts for church layout which they promoted as a science. He commissioned
A.W.N. Pugin
Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin ( ; 1 March 181214 September 1852) was an English architect, designer, artist and critic with French and, ultimately, Swiss origins. He is principally remembered for his pioneering role in the Gothic Revival st ...
to restore St Mary's church. He also was a member of the
Metaphysical Society
The Metaphysical Society was a famous British debating society, founded in 1869 by James Knowles, who acted as Secretary. Membership was by invitation only, and was exclusively male. Many of its members were prominent clergymen, philosophers, and ...
, founded in 1869 by
James Knowles.
In September 1853 Alford moved to
Quebec Street Chapel,
Marylebone
Marylebone (usually , also , ) is a district in the West End of London, in the City of Westminster. Oxford Street, Europe's busiest shopping street, forms its southern boundary.
An ancient parish and latterly a metropolitan borough, it me ...
, London, where he had a large congregation.
In March 1857
Lord Palmerston
Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, (20 October 1784 – 18 October 1865) was a British statesman who was twice Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in the mid-19th century. Palmerston dominated British foreign policy during the period ...
advanced him to the
deanery of Canterbury, where, until his death, he lived the same energetic and diverse way as ever. He had been the friend of most of his eminent contemporaries, and was much beloved for his amiable character. The inscription on his tomb, chosen by himself, is ''Diversorium Viatoris Hierosolymam Proficiscentis'' ("the lodging place of a traveler on his way to Jerusalem").
Published works
Alford was a talented artist, as his picture-book, ''The Riviera'' (1870), shows, and he had abundant musical and mechanical talent. Besides editing the works of
John Donne, he published several volumes of his own verse, ''The School of the Heart'' (1835), ''The Abbot of Muchelnaye'' (1841), ''The Greek Testament. The Four Gospels'' (1849), and a number of
hymns
A hymn is a type of song, and partially synonymous with devotional song, specifically written for the purpose of adoration or prayer, and typically addressed to a deity or deities, or to a prominent figure or personification. The word ''hymn'' ...
, the best-known of which are "Forward! be our watchword," "
Come, ye thankful people, come
"Come, Ye Thankful People, Come" is an English Christian harvest festival hymn written in 1844 by Henry Alford. It is most often sung to the tune ''St. George's Windsor'' by George Job Elvey.
History
Alford wrote "Come, Ye Thankful People, Com ...
", and "Ten thousand times ten thousand." He translated the ''
Odyssey
The ''Odyssey'' (; grc, Ὀδύσσεια, Odýsseia, ) is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer. It is one of the oldest extant works of literature still widely read by modern audiences. As with the ''Iliad'', th ...
'', wrote a well-known manual of
idiom, ''A Plea for the Queen's English'' (1863), and was the first editor of the
''Contemporary Review'' (1866–1870).
His chief fame rests on his monumental edition of the ''New Testament in Greek'' (8 vols.), which occupied him from 1841 to 1861. In this work he first produced a careful collation of the readings of the chief manuscripts and the researches of the ripest continental scholarship of his day.
Philological
Philology () is the study of language in oral and written historical sources; it is the intersection of textual criticism, literary criticism, history, and linguistics (with especially strong ties to etymology). Philology is also defined as t ...
rather than
theological
Theology is the systematic study of the nature of the divine and, more broadly, of religious belief. It is taught as an academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itself with the unique content of analyzing the s ...
in character, it marked an epochal change from the old homiletic commentary, and though more recent research,
patristic and papyral, has largely changed the method of
New Testament
The New Testament grc, Ἡ Καινὴ Διαθήκη, transl. ; la, Novum Testamentum. (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon. It discusses the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events in first-century Chri ...
exegesis
Exegesis ( ; from the Greek , from , "to lead out") is a critical explanation or interpretation of a text. The term is traditionally applied to the interpretation of Biblical works. In modern usage, exegesis can involve critical interpretation ...
, Alford's work is still a quarry where the student can dig with a good deal of profit. See
Alford's Law for an example.
Alford subsequently published the ''New Testament for English Readers'' (4 vols., Rivingtons, 1868). His ''Life'', written by his widow, appeared in 1873 (Rivingtons).
References
Attribution
Bibliography
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External links
Article on one of Alford's Hymnsat the ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' (1902)
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Alford, Henry
1810 births
1871 deaths
19th-century English theologians
Linguists of English
English male poets
19th-century English Anglican priests
Anglican hymnwriters
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge
English hymnwriters
Deans of Canterbury
Musicians from Kent
English male non-fiction writers
19th-century English musicians
19th-century British male writers
People from Wymeswold
Translators of Homer