Henri Jules de Bourbon (29 July 1643, in

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...

– 1 April 1709, in Paris, also ''Henri III de Bourbon'') was ''

prince de Condé A prince is a male ruler (ranked below a king, grand prince, and grand duke) or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. ''Prince'' is also a title of nobility (often highest), often hereditary, in some European states. The ...

'', from 1686 to his death. At the end of his life he suffered from

clinical lycanthropy Clinical lycanthropy is a rare psychiatric syndrome that involves a delusion that the affected person can transform into, has transformed into, or is, an animal. Its name is associated with the mythical condition of lycanthropy, a supernatural ...

and was considered insane.

Biography

Henri Jules was born to Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de Condé in 1643. He was five years younger than King

Louis XIV of France , house = Bourbon , father = Louis XIII , mother = Anne of Austria , birth_date = , birth_place = Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France , death_date = , death_place = Palace of ...

. He was the sole heir to the enormous Condé fortune and property, including the

Hôtel de Condé The Hôtel de Condé was the main Paris seat of the princes of Condé, a cadet branch of the Bourbons, from 1612 to 1764/70. The hôtel gave its name to the present ''rue de Condé'', on which its forecourt faced. The Théâtre de l'Odéon was ...

and the

Château de Chantilly The Château de Chantilly () is a historic French château located in the town of Chantilly, Oise, about 50 kilometres (30 miles) north of Paris. The site comprises two attached buildings: the Petit Château built around 1560 for Anne de Montmor ...

. His mother, Princess

Claire-Clémence de Maillé-Brézé Claire Clémence de Maillé (25 February 1628 – 16 April 1694) was a French noblewoman from the Brézé family and a niece of Cardinal Richelieu. She married Louis de Bourbon, Prince of Condé, known as ''Le Grand Condé'' (The Great Con ...

, was a niece of Cardinal Richelieu. He was baptised at the Église Saint-Sulpice,

on his day of birth. For the first three years of his life, while his father was ''duc d'Enghien'', he was known at court as the ''duc d'Albret''. Daughters of Henri Jules de Bourbon, Gobert

Daughters of Henri Jules de Bourbon, Gobert

Upon the death of his grandfather, he succeeded to his father's courtesy title of ''

duc d'Enghien Duke of Enghien (french: Duc d'Enghien, pronounced with a silent ''i'') was a noble title pertaining to the House of Condé. It was only associated with the town of Enghien for a short time. Dukes of Enghien – first creation (1566–1569) The ...

''. As a member of the reigning

House of Bourbon The House of Bourbon (, also ; ) is a European dynasty of French origin, a branch of the Capetian dynasty, the royal House of France. Bourbon kings first ruled France and Navarre in the 16th century. By the 18th century, members of the Spanis ...

, he was born a ''prince du sang'' styled as '' ''Monsieur le Duc''''. Throughout much of his life, Henri Jules was mentally unstable. He was a short, ugly, debauched, and brutal man not only "repulsive in appearance", but "cursed with so violent a temper that it was positively dangerous to contradict him". Trained as a soldier, in 1673, he was nominally put in charge of the

Rhine ), Surselva, Graubünden, Switzerland , source1_coordinates= , source1_elevation = , source2 = Rein Posteriur/Hinterrhein , source2_location = Paradies Glacier, Graubünden, Switzerland , source2_coordinates= , so ...

front. This was in name only though, because Henri Jules lacked the military skills of his father. He was well educated but had a malicious character. A possible bride who was considered for him at this time was his distant cousin,

Élisabeth Marguerite d'Orléans Élisabeth Marguerite d'Orléans (26 December 1646 - 17 March 1696), known as Isabelle d'Orléans, was the Duchess of Alençon and, during her husband's lifetime, Duchess of Angoulême. She was a daughter of Gaston d'Orléans and a first cousin o ...

, daughter of Gaston d'Orléans. However, a marriage did not materialise. He eventually married the German princess

Anne Henriette of Bavaria Anne of the Palatinate known in France as Anne of Bavaria, Princess Palatine (Anne Henriette Julie; 13 March 1648 – 23 February 1723) was a Princess of the Palatinate and Countess Palatine of Simmern by birth and was the wife of Henri Jules ...

in the chapel of the

Palais du Louvre The Louvre Palace (french: link=no, Palais du Louvre, ), often referred to simply as the Louvre, is an iconic French palace located on the Right Bank of the Seine in Paris, occupying a vast expanse of land between the Tuileries Gardens and the ...

in Paris, in December 1663. The bride was the daughter of

Edward, Count Palatine of Simmern Edward, Prince Palatine of the Rhine (''Eduard, Prinz von der Pfalz'') (5 October 1625 – 10 March 1663), was the sixth son of Frederick V, Elector Palatine (of the House of Wittelsbach), the "Winter King" of Bohemia, by his consort, the Scot ...

and the political hostess Anna Gonzaga. The couple had ten children, only half of whom lived to adulthood. The young princess was noted for her pious, generous and charitable nature. Many at court praised her for her very supportive attitude towards her disagreeable husband. Despite her good qualities though, Henri Jules, who was prone to great rages, would often beat his quiet wife. In addition, Henri Jules had an illegitimate daughter by Françoise-Charlotte de Montalais. The child was known variously as Julie de Bourbon, Julie de Gheneni ( anagram of Enghien, aka de Guenani), or ''Mademoiselle de Châteaubriant''. She was legitimised in 1693 when she was 25 years of age. She died on 10 March 1710, at the age of 43. He was succeeded by his only son, Louis III de Bourbon.

Ancestry

Issue

References

External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Conde, Henri 03 Jules De Bourbon, Prince De 1643 births 1709 deaths Dukes of Enghien 202 Dukes of Montmorency Grand Masters of France

Henri Henri is an Estonian, Finnish, French, German and Luxembourgish form of the masculine given name Henry (given name), Henry. People with this given name ; French noblemen :'' See the 'List_of_rulers_named_Henry#France, List of rulers named Henry ...

Henry III Jules de Bourbon, prince de Conde

Candidates for the Polish elective throne 17th-century peers of France 18th-century peers of France