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Hendrik Petrus Berlage (21 February 1856 – 12 August 1934) was a Dutch architect. He is considered one of the fathers of the architecture of the
Amsterdam School
The Amsterdam School (Dutch: ''Amsterdamse School'') is a style of architecture that arose from 1910 through about 1930 in the Netherlands. The Amsterdam School movement is part of international Expressionist architecture, sometimes linked ...
.
Life and work
Hendrik Petrus Berlage, son of Nicolaas Willem Berlage and Anna Catharina Bosscha, was born on 21 February 1856 in
Amsterdam
Amsterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Amstel'') is the Capital of the Netherlands, capital and Municipalities of the Netherlands, most populous city of the Netherlands, with The Hague being the seat of government. It has a population ...
in the Netherlands.
Anna Catharina Bosscha's uncle was
Johannes Bosscha
Johannes Bosscha Jr. (18 November 1831 – 15 April 1911) was a Dutch physicist.
Bosscha came from a family long known for their academic achievements. His great-grandfather and grandfather were classical scholars. His father, Johannes Bosscha ...
, a scientist who taught in
Polytechnische School te Delft.
Berlage studied architecture at the
Zurich Institute of Technology between 1875 and 1878 after which he traveled extensively for 3 years through Europe. In the 1880s he formed a partnership in the Netherlands with Theodore Sanders which produced a mixture of practical and utopian projects. A published author, Berlage held memberships in various architectural societies including
CIAM I.
Berlage was influenced by the Neo-Romanesque brickwork architecture of
Henry Hobson Richardson
Henry Hobson Richardson, FAIA (September 29, 1838 – April 27, 1886) was an American architect, best known for his work in a style that became known as Richardsonian Romanesque. Along with Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright, Richardson is one ...
and of the combination of structures of iron seen with brick of the Castle of the Three Geckos of
Domènech i Montaner Domènech () is a common Catalan surname. Its variants are Domènec, Domenech and Doménech. It can also be found sometimes as a given name.
People As surname
*Adrián Domenech, a retired Argentine football player and former coach of Argentinos ...
. This influence is visible in his design for the Amsterdam Commodities Exchange, for which he would also draw on the ideas of
Viollet-le-Duc. The load-bearing bare brick walls and the notion of the primacy of space, and of walls as the creators of form, would be the constitutive principles of the 'Hollandse Zakelijkheid'.
A visit Berlage made to the U.S. in 1911 greatly affected his architecture. From then on the organic architecture of
Frank Lloyd Wright
Frank Lloyd Wright (June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959) was an American architect, designer, writer, and educator. He designed more than 1,000 structures over a creative period of 70 years. Wright played a key role in the architectural movements o ...
would be a significant influence. Lectures he gave when returned to Europe would help to disseminate Wright's thoughts in Germany.
A notable overseas commission was the 1916 Holland House, built as offices for a Dutch shipping company in Bury Street in the
City of London
The City of London is a city, ceremonial county and local government district that contains the historic centre and constitutes, alongside Canary Wharf, the primary central business district (CBD) of London. It constituted most of London fr ...
(behind
Norman Foster
Norman or Normans may refer to:
Ethnic and cultural identity
* The Normans, a people partly descended from Norse Vikings who settled in the territory of Normandy in France in the 10th and 11th centuries
** People or things connected with the Norm ...
's
30 St Mary Axe
30 St Mary Axe (previously known as the Swiss Re Building and informally known as the Gherkin) is a commercial skyscraper in London's primary financial district, the City of London. It was completed in December 2003 and opened in April 2004. W ...
of 2003).
Considered the "Father of Modern architecture" in the Netherlands and the intermediary between the Traditionalists and the Modernists, Berlage's theories inspired most Dutch architectural groups of the 1920s, including
the Traditionalists,
the Amsterdam School,
De Stijl
''De Stijl'' (; ), Dutch for "The Style", also known as Neoplasticism, was a Dutch art movement founded in 1917 in Leiden. De Stijl consisted of artists and architects. In a more narrow sense, the term ''De Stijl'' is used to refer to a body o ...
and
the New Objectivists. He received the British
RIBA
The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) is a professional body for architects primarily in the United Kingdom, but also internationally, founded for the advancement of architecture under its royal charter granted in 1837, three suppl ...
Royal Gold Medal
The Royal Gold Medal for architecture is awarded annually by the Royal Institute of British Architects on behalf of the British monarch, in recognition of an individual's or group's substantial contribution to international architecture. It is g ...
in 1932.
Berlage died on 12 August 1934 in
The Hague
The Hague ( ; nl, Den Haag or ) is a city and municipality of the Netherlands, situated on the west coast facing the North Sea. The Hague is the country's administrative centre and its seat of government, and while the official capital of ...
.
His son, also named
Hendrik Petrus Berlage
Hendrik Petrus Berlage (21 February 1856 – 12 August 1934) was a Dutch architect. He is considered one of the fathers of the architecture of the Amsterdam School.
Life and work
Hendrik Petrus Berlage, son of Nicolaas Willem Berlage and An ...
, was an
astronomer
An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. They observe astronomical objects such as stars, planets, natural satellite, moons, comets and galaxy, g ...
in Royal Magnetic and Meteorological Observatory in
Batavia, Dutch East Indies
Batavia was the capital of the Dutch East Indies. The area corresponds to present-day Jakarta, Indonesia. Batavia can refer to the city proper or its suburbs and hinterland, the Ommelanden, which included the much-larger area of the Residency ...
(now
Jakarta
Jakarta (; , bew, Jakarte), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta ( id, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta) is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Lying on the northwest coast of Java, the world's most populous island, Jakarta ...
, Indonesia), whose name has been immortalized as a
lunar crater
Lunar craters are impact craters on Earth's Moon. The Moon's surface has many craters, all of which were formed by impacts. The International Astronomical Union currently recognizes 9,137 craters, of which 1,675 have been dated.
History
The wor ...
(
Berlage
Hendrik Petrus Berlage (21 February 1856 – 12 August 1934) was a Dutch architect. He is considered one of the fathers of the architecture of the Amsterdam School.
Life and work
Hendrik Petrus Berlage, son of Nicolaas Willem Berlage and A ...
).
[Descriptive data on lunar craters from the ]United States Geological Survey
The United States Geological Survey (USGS), formerly simply known as the Geological Survey, is a scientific agency of the United States government. The scientists of the USGS study the landscape of the United States, its natural resources, ...
. (Click on the crater name ) :
Legacy
The
Berlage Institute The Berlage Institute was an independent unaccredited postgraduate school of architecture in Amsterdam and Rotterdam, the Netherlands, that operated in 1990-2012. Named after the Dutch architect Hendrik Petrus Berlage, the Berlage Institute had an i ...
has been a postgraduate school for architecture since 1990.
Works of Berlage are in the public collections of
Museum de Fundatie
Museum de Fundatie () is a museum for the visual arts in Zwolle, Netherlands. Museum de Fundatie forms part of the Hannema-de Stuers Foundation, to which Kasteel het Nijenhuis in Heino also belongs. Museum de Fundatie possesses a collection of vis ...
,
Gemeentemuseum Den Haag
The Kunstmuseum Den Haag is an art museum in The Hague in the Netherlands, founded in 1866 as the Museum voor Moderne Kunst. Later, until 1998, it was known as Haags Gemeentemuseum, and until the end of September 2019 as Gemeentemuseum Den Haag. I ...
, and
Kröller-Müller Museum
The Kröller-Müller Museum () is a national art museum and sculpture garden, located in the Hoge Veluwe National Park in Otterlo in the Netherlands. The museum, founded by art collector Helene Kröller-Müller within the extensive grounds of her ...
.
References
Further reading
*Sergio Polano, Giovanni Fanelli, Vincent Van Rossem (2002) : ''Hendrik Petrus Berlage'', Phaidon Press,
*Hendrik Berlage (1996): ''Hendrik Petrus Berlage: Thoughts on Style, 1886-1909 (Texts & Documents)'', The Getty Center For The History Of Art,
*Kohlenbach (1991): ''H.P. Berlage: Schriften zur Architektur'', Birkhäuser Basel; (German edition)
*Singelenberg, Pieter (1972): ''H.P. Berlage. Idea and style. The quest for modern architecture'', Utrecht, Haentjens Dekker & Gumbert
*Dennis Sharp (1991): ''Illustrated Encyclopedia of Architects and Architecture'', Watson-Guptill, ,
*Manfred Bock (1983), 'Anfange einer neuen Architektur. Berlages Beitrag zur architektonischen Kultur der Niederlande im ausgehenden 19. Jahrhundert', 's Gravenhage/Wiesbaden 1983.
*Karin Gaillard, Betsy Dokter (ed.) (1992),'Berlage en Amsterdam Zuid';'Berlage en de toekomst van Amsterdam Zuid', Amsterdam 1992.
External links
*
Biography and works of Berlage
{{DEFAULTSORT:Berlage, H. P.
1856 births
1934 deaths
Architects from Amsterdam
Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne members
Dutch architects
ETH Zurich alumni
Modernist architects
Recipients of the Royal Gold Medal