''Hemirrhagus'' is a genus of

Mexican Mexican may refer to: Mexico and its culture *Being related to, from, or connected to the country of Mexico, in North America ** People *** Mexicans, inhabitants of the country Mexico and their descendants *** Mexica, ancient indigenous people ...

tarantulas that was first described by

Eugène Louis Simon Eugene is a common male given name that comes from the Greek εὐγενής (''eugenēs''), "noble", literally "well-born", from εὖ (''eu''), "well" and γένος (''genos''), "race, stock, kin".urticating hairs on the opisthosoma are arranged in one dorsomedian patch, two dorsal paramedian patches, or two lateral patches. It is unique amongst the theraphosine genera because of the retrolateral

coxal In vertebrate anatomy, hip (or "coxa"Latin ''coxa'' was used by Celsus in the sense "hip", but by Pliny the Elder in the sense "hip bone" (Diab, p 77) in medical terminology) refers to either an anatomical region or a joint. The hip region is ...

heels, the shape of the male palpal bulb, and the urticating hairs on the abdomen are reduced or completely missing. It is the only genus with epigean,

troglophile Troglofauna are small cave-dwelling animals that have adapted to their dark surroundings. Troglofauna and stygofauna are the two types of subterranean fauna (based on life-history). Both are associated with subterranean environments – troglofau ...

and troglobitic species.

Distribution

Hemirrhagus tarantulas are all found in Mexico all of them are largely distributed from Tamaulipas in the north to

Chiapas Chiapas (; Tzotzil language, Tzotzil and Tzeltal language, Tzeltal: ''Chyapas'' ), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Chiapas ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Chiapas), is one of the states that make up the Political divisions of Mexico, ...

in the south, primarily in the mountainous regions of

Sierra Madre Oriental The Sierra Madre Oriental () is a mountain range in northeastern Mexico. The Sierra Madre Oriental is part of the American Cordillera, a chain of mountain ranges (cordillera) that consists of an almost continuous sequence of mountain ranges that f ...

Eje Volcánico Transversal The Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt ( es, Eje Volcánico Transversal), also known as the Transvolcanic Belt and locally as the (''Snowy Mountain Range''), is an active volcanic belt that covers central-southern Mexico. Several of its highest peaks h ...

, Sierra Norte de Oaxaca, and Sierra Madre Sur. All of this tarantulas are found in individual caves, some species living in the same cave. The species are found in

cave systems A cave or cavern is a natural void in the ground, specifically a space large enough for a human to enter. Caves often form by the weathering of rock and often extend deep underground. The word ''cave'' can refer to smaller openings such as sea ...

between 100m to 1900m

above sea level Height above mean sea level is a measure of the vertical distance (height, elevation or altitude) of a location in reference to a historic mean sea level taken as a vertical datum. In geodesy, it is formalized as ''orthometric heights''. The comb ...

. Most of them are found in central Mexico and the northern part of south Mexico. HemirrhagusDistributionMap

Species

* it contains twenty-seven species, all found in Mexico: * ''

Hemirrhagus akheronteus ''Hemirrhagus akheronteus'' is a tarantula which is part of the ''Hemirrhagus'' genus. It is found in Mexico, in the state of Queretaro, and is one of many Mexican cave tarantulas. It was first described by Mendoza and Francke in 2018. It is nam ...

'' Mendoza & Francke, 2018 – Mexico * ''

Hemirrhagus benzaa ''Hemirrhagus'' is a genus of Mexican tarantulas that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1903. It is considered a senior synonym of ''Spelopelma''. Species of the genus ''Hemirrhagus'' are 5 to 12 cm long, usually black in colour, the ...

'' Mendoza, 2014 – Mexico * ''

Hemirrhagus billsteelei ''Hemirrhagus billsteelei'' is a tarantula in the ''Hemirrhagus'' genus of Mexican cave tarantulas. This tarantula is found in the Mexican state of Oaxaca. This tarantula was first described by Mendoza and Francke in 2018, and is named in honour ...

'' Mendoza & Francke, 2018 – Mexico * ''

Hemirrhagus cervinus ''Hemirrhagus'' is a genus of Mexican tarantulas that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1903. It is considered a senior synonym of ''Spelopelma''. Species of the genus ''Hemirrhagus'' are 5 to 12 cm long, usually black in colour, the ...

'' (Simon, 1891) (

type Type may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc. * Data type, collection of values used for computations. * File type * TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file. * Ty ...

) – Mexico * ''

Hemirrhagus chilango ''Hemirrhagus'' is a genus of Mexican tarantulas that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1903. It is considered a senior synonym of ''Spelopelma''. Species of the genus ''Hemirrhagus'' are 5 to 12 cm long, usually black in colour, the ...

'' Pérez-Miles & Locht, 2003 – Mexico * ''

Hemirrhagus coztic ''Hemirrhagus'' is a genus of Mexican tarantulas that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1903. It is considered a senior synonym of ''Spelopelma''. Species of the genus ''Hemirrhagus'' are 5 to 12 cm long, usually black in colour, the ...

'' Pérez-Miles & Locht, 2003 – Mexico * ''

Hemirrhagus diablo ''Hemirrhagus diablo'' is a tarantula in the ''Hemirrhagus'' genus, it is found in Mexico, in several caves in the state of Morelos. It is named after a cave it is found in, "Cueva del diablo" which translated to "Devil's cave", diablo being devi ...

'' Mendoza & Francke, 2018 – Mexico * ''

Hemirrhagus elliotti ''Hemirrhagus'' is a genus of Mexican tarantulas that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1903. It is considered a senior synonym of ''Spelopelma''. Species of the genus ''Hemirrhagus'' are 5 to 12 cm long, usually black in colour, the ...

'' (

Gertsch Willis John Gertsch (October 4, 1906 – December 12, 1998) was an American arachnologist. He described over 1,000 species of spiders, scorpions, and other arachnids, including the Brown recluse spider and the Tooth cave spider. Gertsch was born ...

, 1973) – Mexico * '' Hemirrhagus embolulatus'' Mendoza, 2014 – Mexico * '' Hemirrhagus eros'' Pérez-Miles & Locht, 2003 – Mexico * '' Hemirrhagus franckei'' Mendoza, 2014 – Mexico * ''

Hemirrhagus gertschi ''Hemirrhagus'' is a genus of Mexican tarantulas that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1903. It is considered a senior synonym of ''Spelopelma''. Species of the genus ''Hemirrhagus'' are 5 to 12 cm long, usually black in colour, the ...

'' Pérez-Miles & Locht, 2003 – Mexico * ''

Hemirrhagus grieta ''Hemirrhagus'' is a genus of Mexican tarantulas that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1903. It is considered a senior synonym of ''Spelopelma''. Species of the genus ''Hemirrhagus'' are 5 to 12 cm long, usually black in colour, the ...

'' (Gertsch, 1982) – Mexico * ''

Hemirrhagus guichi ''Hemirrhagus'' is a genus of Mexico, Mexican Theraphosidae, tarantulas that was first described by Eugène Simon, Eugène Louis Simon in 1903. It is considered a senior synonym of ''Spelopelma''. Species of the genus ''Hemirrhagus'' are 5 to 12 c ...

'' Mendoza, 2014 – Mexico * '' Hemirrhagus kalebi'' Mendoza & Francke, 2018 – Mexico * ''

Hemirrhagus lochti ''Hemirrhagus'' is a genus of Mexican tarantulas that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1903. It is considered a senior synonym of ''Spelopelma''. Species of the genus ''Hemirrhagus'' are 5 to 12 cm long, usually black in colour, the ...

'' Estrada-Alvarez, 2014 – Mexico * '' Hemirrhagus mitchelli'' (Gertsch, 1982) – Mexico * ''

Hemirrhagus nahuanus ''Hemirrhagus'' is a genus of Mexican tarantulas that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1903. It is considered a senior synonym of ''Spelopelma''. Species of the genus ''Hemirrhagus'' are 5 to 12 cm long, usually black in colour, the ...

'' (Gertsch, 1982) – Mexico * '' Hemirrhagus ocellatus'' Pérez-Miles & Locht, 2003 – Mexico * '' Hemirrhagus papalotl'' Pérez-Miles & Locht, 2003 – Mexico * '' Hemirrhagus perezmilesi'' García-Villafuerte & Locht, 2010 – Mexico * '' Hemirrhagus pernix'' (

Ausserer Anton Ausserer (5 July 184320 July 1889)Maurer, Ferdinand: ''Nachruf an Dr. Anton Ausserer.'' Programm des kk. acad. Gymnasiums in Grätz. Graz 1890 was an Austrian naturalist specialising in spiders.Bonnet, Pierre: Bibliographia aranearum, Les ...

, 1875) – Mexico * '' Hemirrhagus puebla'' (Gertsch, 1982) – Mexico * '' Hemirrhagus reddelli'' (Gertsch, 1973) – Mexico * ''

Hemirrhagus sprousei ''Hemirrhagus'' is a genus of Mexican tarantulas that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1903. It is considered a senior synonym of ''Spelopelma''. Species of the genus ''Hemirrhagus'' are 5 to 12 cm long, usually black in colour, the ...

'' Mendoza & Francke, 2018 – Mexico * '' Hemirrhagus stygius'' (Gertsch, 1971) – Mexico * ''

Hemirrhagus valdezi ''Hemirrhagus'' is a genus of Mexico, Mexican Theraphosidae, tarantulas that was first described by Eugène Simon, Eugène Louis Simon in 1903. It is considered a senior synonym of ''Spelopelma''. Species of the genus ''Hemirrhagus'' are 5 to 12 c ...

'' Mendoza, 2014 – Mexico

References

Theraphosidae genera Endemic spiders of Mexico Theraphosidae {{Theraphosidae-stub

Distribution

Species

See also

References