''Hemilienardia'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of
sea snail
Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...
s, marine
gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...
mollusk
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...
s in the
family
Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
Raphitomidae
Raphitomidae is a family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.) (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". ''Malacologia'' 47(1-2). . 39 ...
, the turrids.
Description
This genus is readily distinguishable from ''
Lienardia'' by the
apex. The multispiral protoconch consists of a cone of 3½ smooth rounded
whorl
A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs).
Whorls in nature
File:Photograph and axial plane floral ...
s. It lacks the characteristic diagonally cancellated sculpture of the other genera in this family. The succeeding adult whorls not only differ in
sculpture
Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. Sculpture is the three-dimensional art work which is physically presented in the dimensions of height, width and depth. It is one of the plastic arts. Durable sc ...
, but are wound in so divergent a spiral and increase at so disproportionate rate as to project that protoconch in a mucronate point. In the colour of the type the contrast is even more violent, as there the brilliant snow-white apex against the deep rose-red is visible to the naked eye. Another generic feature is an opaque peripheral zone. The deep-seated
columella folds, so conspicuous in ''Lienardia'', are here less developed. The species are small, short, stumpy and usually brightly coloured. They frequent the upper zone of coral reefs.
Høisæter, Tore. "A taxonomic review of the Norwegian species of Raphitoma (Gastropoda: Conoidea: Raphitomidae)." (2016).
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Species
Species within the genus ''Hemilienardia'' include:Hemilienardia chrysoleuca
''Hemilienardia chrysoleuca'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.Bouchet, P. (2017). Hemilienardia chrysoleuca (Melvill, 1923). In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine S ...
'' (J.C. Melvill, 1923)
* '' Hemilienardia contortula'' (G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1875)
* '' Hemilienardia ecprepes'' (J.C. Melvill, 1927)
* '' Hemilienardia elongata'' Wiedrick, 2017
* '' Hemilienardia fenestrata'' (Melvill, 1898)
* '' Hemilienardia fusiforma'' Wiedrick, 2017
* '' Hemilienardia gemmulata'' Wiedrick, 2017
* '' Hemilienardia goubini'' (Hervier, 1896)
* '' Hemilienardia hersilia'' Hedley, 1922
* '' Hemilienardia homochroa'' Hedley, 1922
* '' Hemilienardia infulabrunnea'' Wiedrick, 2017
* '' Hemilienardia iospira'' (Hervier, 1896)
* '' Hemilienardia lynx'' Fedosov, Stahlschmidt, Puillandre, Aznar-Cormano & Bouchet, 2017
* '' Hemilienardia malleti'' (Récluz, 1852)
* '' Hemilienardia micronesialba'' Wiedrick, 2017
* '' Hemilienardia mikesevernsi'' Wiedrick, 2017
* '' Hemilienardia minialba'' Wiedrick, 2017
* '' Hemilienardia minor'' (G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1875)
* '' Hemilienardia moffitti'' Wiedrick, 2017
* '' Hemilienardia multidentata'' Wiedrick, 2017
* '' Hemilienardia notopyrrha'' (Melvill & Standen, 1896)
* '' Hemilienardia obesa'' (de Folin, 1879)
* '' Hemilienardia ocellata'' (Jousseaume, 1883)
* '' Hemilienardia pardus'' Fedosov, Stahlschmidt, Puillandre, Aznar-Cormano & Bouchet, 2017
* '' Hemilienardia purpurascens'' (Dunker, 1871)
* '' Hemilienardia roseorobusta'' Wiedrick, 2017
* ''Hemilienardia rubicunda
''Hemilienardia rubicunda'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.MolluscaBase (2019). MolluscaBase. Hemilienardia rubicunda (Gould, 1860). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http:// ...
'' (Gould, 1860)
* '' Hemilienardia shawnmilleri'' Wiedrick, 2017
* '' Hemilienardia subspurca'' (Hervier, 1896)
* '' Hemilienardia thyridota'' (Melvill & Standen, 1896)
* '' Hemilienardia twilabratcherae'' Wiedrick, 2017
;Species brought into synonymy:
* ''Hemilienardia pinguis'' (Garrett, A., 1873): synonym of '' Hemilienardia malleti'' (Récluz, 1852)
References
* Bouchet P., Kantor Yu.I., Sysoev A. & Puillandre N. (2011) A new operational classification of the Conoidea. Journal of Molluscan Studies 77: 273-308
* Powell, A.W.B. 1966. The molluscan families Speightiidae and Turridae, an evaluation of the valid taxa, both Recent and fossil, with list of characteristic species. Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum. Auckland, New Zealand 5: 1–184, pls 1–23 Worldwide Mollusc Species Data Base: Raphitomidae
*
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Raphitomidae
Gastropod genera