Hemicyoninae is an
extinct
Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...
subfamily of
Ursidae,
often called dog bears (literally "half dog" (
Greek: )). They were bear-like
carnivora
Carnivora is a Clade, monophyletic order of Placentalia, placental mammals consisting of the most recent common ancestor of all felidae, cat-like and canidae, dog-like animals, and all descendants of that ancestor. Members of this group are f ...
ns living in
Europe,
North America
North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...
,
Africa and
Asia during the
Oligocene
The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period and extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the epoch are well identified but the ...
through
Miocene epochs 33.9–5.3
Ma, existing for approximately . They are sometimes classified as a separate
family.
[McKenna, Malcolm C., and Bell, Susan K. 1997. ''Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level.'' Columbia University Press, New York, 631 pp. ]
Systematics
* Subfamily †Hemicyoninae
(Frick, 1926)
** Tribe †
Cephalogalini (de Bonis, 2013)
*** †''
Adelpharctos''
(de Bonis, 1971)
**** †''Adelpharctos ginsburgi''
(de Bonis, 2011)
**** †''Adelpharctos mirus''
(de Bonis, 1971)
*** †''
Cyonarctos''
(de Bonis, 2013)
**** †''Cyonarctos dessei''
(de Bonis, 2013)
*** †''
Phoberogale
''Phoberogale'' is an extinct genus of hemicyonine bear, which lived during the Early Miocene, found in France, California, and Pakistan
Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country i ...
''
(Ginsburg & Morales, 1995)
**** †''Phoberogale minor''
(Filhol, 1877)
**** †''Phoberogale bonali''
(Helbing, 1928)
**** †''Phoberogale depereti''
(Viret, 1929)
**** †''Phoberogale gracile''
(Pomel, 1847)
*** †''
Filholictis''
(de Bonis, 2013)
**** †''Filholictis filholi''
(Munier-Chalmas, 1877)
*** †''
Cephalogale
''Cephalogale'' is an extinct genus of hemicyonine bear which lived in the Oligocene and Early Miocene epochs in North America and Europe. It lived from around 28.4—20.0 Mya. Before it was reconsidered to be close to the ancestry of hemicyo ...
''
(Jourdan, 1862)
**** †''Cephalogale shareri''
(Wang, et al., 2009)
**** †''Cephalogale gergoviensis''
(Viret, 1929)
**** †''Cephalogale ginesticus''
(Kuss, 1962)
**** †''Cephalogale geoffroyi''
(Jourdan, 1862)
** Tribe †
Phoberocyonini (Ginsburg & Morales, 1995)
*** †''
Plithocyon
''Plithocyon'' is an extinct genus of hemicyonine bear of the Miocene epoch, endemic to North America and Europe. It lived from ~15.97—11.61 Ma, existing for approximately .
Fossil distribution
Sites and age of some specimens:
*Hemicyon Qua ...
''
(Ginsburg, 1955)
**** †''Plithocyon armagnacensis''
(Ginsburg, 1955)
**** †''Plithocyon statzlingii''
(Frick, 1926)
**** †''Plithocyon bruneti''
(Ginsburg, 1980)
**** †''Plithocyon barstowensis''
(Frick, 1926)
**** †''Plithocyon ursinus''
(Cope, 1875)
*** †''
Phoberocyon
''Phoberocyon'' is a large extinct genus of hemicyonine bear, found primarily in North America during the Miocene. It lived from 28.4 to 13.7 mya, existing for approximately . One species, ''P. hispanicus'', is known from Miocene Spain
, im ...
''
(Ginsburg, 1955)
**** †''Phoberocyon hispanicus''
(Ginsburg & Morales, 1998)
**** †''Phoberocyon dehmi''
(Ginsburg, 1955)
**** †''Phoberocyon huerzeleri''
(Ginsburg, 1955)
**** †''Phoberocyon aurelianensis''
(Mayet, 1908)
**** †''Phoberocyon youngi''
(Xiang et al., 1986)
**** †''Phoberocyon johnhenryi''
(White, 1947)
** Tribe †
Hemicyonini (Frick, 1926)
*** †''
Zaragocyon
''Zaragocyon'' is an extinct monospecific genus of hemicyonine bear from the Early Miocene of Spain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg
, image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg
, national_motto = ''Pl ...
''
(Ginsburg & Morales, 1995)
**** †''Zaragocyon daamsi''
(Ginsburg & Morales, 1995)
*** †''
Dinocyon
''Dinocyon'' is an extinct genus of hemicyonine bear of the Miocene epoch, endemic to Europe. It lived from around 20.3–5.3 Ma, existing for approximately .
Fossil distribution
*Poysbrunn site, Austria
Austria, , bar, Östareich o ...
''
(Jourdan, 1861)
**** †''Dinocyon aurelianensis''
(Frick, 1926)
**** †''Dinocyon sansaniensis''
(Frick, 1926)
**** †''Dinocyon thenardi''
(Jourdan, 1861)
*** †''
Hemicyon
''Hemicyon'', also known as the "dog-bear" (literally "half dog", from Greek (half) + (dog)), is an extinct genus of hemicyonine bear, which probably originated in Eurasia but was found in Europe, Asia and North America during the Miocen ...
''
(Lartet, 1851)
**** †''Hemicyon barbouri''
(Colbert, 1941)
**** †''Hemicyon teilhardi''
(Colbert, 1939)
**** †''Hemicyon grivensis''
(Frick, 1926)
**** †''Hemicyon minor''
(Dépéret, 1887)
**** †''Hemicyon sansaniensis''
(Lartet, 1851)
References
{{Ursidae extinct nav
Oligocene carnivorans
Miocene carnivorans
Chattian first appearances
Messinian extinctions
Mammal subfamilies