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''Helophorus'' ís the only genus in the beetle family Helophoridae (traditionally included within Hydrophilidae as the subfamily Helophorinae) within the Hydrophiloidea. They are small insects, found mainly in the Holarctic region (150 occur in
''Helophorus'' ís the only genus in the beetle family Helophoridae (traditionally included within Hydrophilidae as the subfamily Helophorinae) within the Hydrophiloidea. They are small insects, found mainly in the Holarctic region (150 occur in Palearctic
The Palearctic or Palaearctic is the largest of the eight biogeographic realms of the Earth. It stretches across all of Eurasia north of the foothills of the Himalayas, and North Africa.
The realm consists of several bioregions: the Euro-Sibe ...
and 41 species in North America
North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...
), but two or three species also live in the Afrotropical
The Afrotropical realm is one of Earth's eight biogeographic realms. It includes Africa south of the Sahara Desert, the majority of the Arabian Peninsula, the island of Madagascar, southern Iran and extreme southwestern Pakistan, and the island ...
region, Central America and one in the Indomalayan region (northern India).
Characteristics
Length about 2–9 mm. Body elongate with outline more or less interrupted between pronotum and elytra. On pronotum they have granulate sculpture and unique pattern of 7 longitudinal grooves. Ventral surface is with fine microsculpture, pubescent. Larvae are with long 3 segmented urogomphi and simple (non lobate) 8th tergum. They have four-segmented legs and a 10 segmented abdomen (with the 10th segment being a bit reduced).Ecology
The majority of ''Helophorus'' species adults are aquatic live on the periphery of rivers and streams as well as stagnant bodies of water or pools, though a number are also terrestrial. Adults generally feed on decaying plant material, though some are known to feed on living plant tissue, with several species noted as pests of turnips. The larvae are terrestrial and are predominantly carnivores, though in some species are herviorous, and are pests of turnips, rutabaga, and wheat.Systematics and evolution
Helophoridae belong to the superfamily Hydrophiloidea, and may be the sister taxon of Hydrochidae, or a clade comprising Hydrochidae, Hydrophilidae and Spercheidae orGeorissidae
''Georissus'', also called minute mud-loving beetles, is the only genus in the beetle family Georissidae (or Georyssidae). They are tiny insects living in wet soil, often near water. They are found on every continent except Antarctica.
Character ...
and Epimetopidae
Epimetopidae is a family of semi-aquatic beetles belonging to the Hydrophiloidea. They are found in sand and gravel at the edges of streams, rivers and shallow freshwater ponds. These beetles are shorter than half a centimeter long and have a pro ...
. Earlier systems included all of these families in the family Hydrophilidae. The genus is divided into many subgenera (''Atracthelophorus'', ''Cyphelophorus'', ''Empleurus'', ''Eutrichelophorus'', ''Gephelophorus'', ''Helophorus'', ''Orphelophorus'', ''Rhopalohelophorus'' and ''Transithelophorus'').
The oldest fossils of ''Helophorus'' are from the Late Jurassic of Asia, with the major clades of extant ''Helophorus'' likely diverging from each other during the Early Cretaceous.
There are about 180 living species, including:
*'' Helophorus abeillei''
*'' Helophorus aequalis''
*'' Helophorus alternans''
*'' Helophorus alternatus''
*'' Helophorus angustatus''
*'' Helophorus angusticollis''
*'' Helophorus aquaticus''
*'' Helophorus arcticus''
*'' Helophorus artus''
*'' Helophorus arvernicus''
*'' Helophorus asturiensis''
*'' Helophorus auricollis''
*'' Helophorus barbarae''
*'' Helophorus bergrothi''
*'' Helophorus biltoni''
*'' Helophorus brevipalpis''
*'' Helophorus browni''
*'' Helophorus californicus''
*'' Helophorus carsoni''
*'' Helophorus chamberlaini''
*'' Helophorus columbianus''
*'' Helophorus croaticus''
*'' Helophorus cuspifer''
*'' Helophorus daedalus''
*'' Helophorus difficilis''
*'' Helophorus discrepans''
*'' Helophorus dixoni''
*'' Helophorus dorsalis''
*'' Helophorus eclectus''
*'' Helophorus faustianus''
*'' Helophorus fenderi''
*'' Helophorus flavipes''
*'' Helophorus fortis''
*'' Helophorus frater''
*'' Helophorus frosti''
*'' Helophorus fulgidicollis''
*'' Helophorus furius''
*'' Helophorus glacialis''
*'' Helophorus grandis''
*'' Helophorus granularis''
*'' Helophorus griseus''
*'' Helophorus guttulus''
*'' Helophorus hammondi''
*'' Helophorus hatchi''
*'' Helophorus hilaris''
*'' Helophorus hirsutiventris''
*'' Helophorus inflectus''
*'' Helophorus illustris''
*'' Helophorus jacutus''
*'' Helophorus kaszabianus''
*'' Helophorus kerimi''
*'' Helophorus khnzoryani''
*'' Helophorus kirgisicus''
*'' Helophorus korotyaevi''
*'' Helophorus kozlovi''
*'' Helophorus kryzanovskii''
*'' Helophorus lacustris''
*'' Helophorus lapponicus''
*'' Helophorus laticollis''
*'' Helophorus latipennis''
*'' Helophorus lecontei''
*'' Helophorus ledatus''
*'' Helophorus leechi''
*'' Helophorus leontis''
*'' Helophorus lewisi''
*'' Helophorus liguricus''
*'' Helophorus linearis''
*'' Helophorus linearoides''
*'' Helophorus lineatus''
*'' Helophorus longitarsis''
*'' Helophorus maculatus''
*'' Helophorus marginicollis''
*'' Helophorus mervensis''
*'' Helophorus micans''
*'' Helophorus minutus''
*'' Helophorus montenegrinus''
*'' Helophorus nanus''
*'' Helophorus niger''
*'' Helophorus nigricans''
*'' Helophorus nitiduloides''
*'' Helophorus nitidulus''
*'' Helophorus nubilus''
*'' Helophorus oblongus''
*'' Helophorus obscurus''
*'' Helophorus orchymonti''
*'' Helophorus oregonus''
*'' Helophorus orientalis''
*'' Helophorus pallidipennis''
*'' Helophorus pallidus''
*'' Helophorus parajacutus''
*'' Helophorus paraminutus''
*'' Helophorus paramontanus''
*'' Helophorus paraspelendidus''
*'' Helophorus pitcheri''
*'' Helophorus ponticus''
*'' Helophorus poppii''
*'' Helophorus porculus''
*'' Helophorus pumilio''
*'' Helophorus redtenbacheri''
*'' Helophorus rinki''
*'' Helophorus robertsi''
*'' Helophorus rufipes''
*'' Helophorus schoedli''
*'' Helophorus schuhi''
*'' Helophorus sempervarians''
*'' Helophorus sibiricus''
*'' Helophorus similes''
*'' Helophorus smetanai''
*'' Helophorus splendidus''
*'' Helophorus strandi''
*'' Helophorus strigifrons''
*'' Helophorus subarcuatus''
*'' Helophorus subcarinatus''
*'' Helophorus syriacus''
*'' Helophorus terminassianae''
*'' Helophorus tuberculatus''
*'' Helophorus tumidus''
*'' Helophorus uvarovi''
*'' Helophorus zagrosicus''
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q675909 Hydrophiloidea Staphyliniformia genera